Overview of Digital Detector Technology
|
|
- Justina Barnett
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Overview of Digital Detector Technology J. Anthony Seibert, Ph.D. Department of Radiology University of California, Davis Disclosure Member (uncompensated) Barco-Voxar Medical Advisory Board ALARA (CR manufacturer) Advisory Board Learning Objectives Describe digital versus screen-film acquisition Introduce digital detector technologies Compare cassette and cassette-less operation in terms of resolution, efficiency, noise Describe new acquisition & processing techniques Discuss PACS/RIS interfaces and features 1
2 Conventional screen/film detector 1. Acquisition, Display, Archiving Transmitted x-raysx through patient Exposed film Film processor Developer Fixer Wash Dry Film Intensifying Screens x-rays light Gray Scale encoded on film Digital x-ray x detector 1. Acquisition Transmitted x-raysx through patient Digital Pixel Matrix 2. Display Digital to Analog Conversion Digital processing Analog to Digital Conversion Charge collection device X-ray converter x-rays electrons 3. Archiving Analog versus Digital Spatial Resolution MTF of pixel aperture (DEL) Modulation µm 200 µm 1000 µm Frequency (lp/mm) Sampling Pitch Detector Element, DEL 2
3 Film Optical Density Characteristic Curve: Response of screen/film vs. digital detectors 5 Film-screen (400 speed) Useless Useless Underexposed Digital Overexposed Correctly exposed ,000 1, Relative intensity 1 Exposure, mr Sensitivity (S) Analog versus digital detectors Analog Coupled acquisition and display Higher resolution Limited dynamic range, fixed detector contrast Immediate exposure feedback Digital Separated acquisition and display Lower resolution Higher dynamic range and noise-limited contrast Proper exposure potentially hidden Image Processing Crucial for optimal image presentation Flexibility adds potential advantage Disease-specific specific image processing Computer aided detection 3
4 Digital System Technologies Projection Radiography Computed Radiography (CR) CCD CMOS Flat Panel (TFT) arrays Direct Radiography (DR) Consideration: Cassette vs. Cassetteless operation Computed Radiography (CR)...is the generic term applied to an imaging system comprised of: Photostimulable Storage Phosphor to acquire the x-ray x projection image CR Reader to extract the electronic latent image Digital electronics to convert the signals to digital form Image Acquisition Patient information Latent image produced DICOM / PACS CR QC Workstation CR Reader Laser film printer Latent image extracted Display / Archive 4
5 CR: Photostimulated Luminescence Conduction band PSL 3.0 ev phonon 4f 6 5d F/F + τ Eu τ tunneling e - τ recombination Laser stimulation 2.0 ev Energy Band BaFBr 8.3 ev 4f 7 Eu 3+ / Eu 2+ Incident x-rays e Valence band PSLC complexes (F centers) are created in numbers proportional to incident x-ray x intensity CR: Latent Image Readout Reference detector Laser Source Polygonal Mirror Laser beam: Scan direction f-θ lens Cylindrical mirror Light channeling guide PMT Output Signal ADC x= 1279 y= To 1333 image z= processor 500 Plate translation: Sub-scan direction Phosphor Plate Cycle PSP reuse x-ray exposure laser beam scan light erasure Base support plate exposure: create latent image plate readout: extract latent image plate erasure: remove residual signal 5
6 CR Innovations High-speed line scan systems (<10 sec) Dual-side readout capabilities (increase DQE) Structured phosphors Mammography applications?? Low cost table-top top CR readers DR: Direct Radiography...refers to the acquisition and capture of the x-ray image without user intervention Indirect detector: a conversion of x-rays x into light and then light into photoelectrons Direct detector: a conversion of x-rays x to electron-hole pairs with direct signal capture CCD detector systems Area Scintillator / lens coupling CCD Scintillating Screen (Gd 2 O 2 S), CsI Area Scintillator / fiberoptical coupling Scintillating Screen (CsI) Slot scintillator linear array fiberoptical coupling Fiber Optical Coupling Array of CCD Cameras 6
7 35 cm CCD area detector High fill factor ~ 100 % Good light conversion efficiency (~85%) 2.5 cm 5 cm 43 cm 2.5 cm 5 cm 4 to 16 megapixels Optical de-magnification Lens efficiency? Secondary Quantum Sink Optically coupled CCD systems Technology improvements are overcoming quantum sink issues (lens / phosphor) Low cost systems for budget-limited situations Capable imaging systems Scanning slot chest x-ray x system CCD array Fiberoptic coupling No grid Reduced scatter Low dose Effective DQE compares to flat-panel systems 7
8 CMOS RAM with photodiode converter Random access readout Low voltage operation (5V)? NOISE Large FOV detector available (tiled CMOS) CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor LATCHES COUNTER DECODER ROW DRIVERS PIXEL ARRAY COLUMN SIGNAL CONDITIONING VS_OUT CLK RUN DEFAULT LOAD ADDRESS DATA +5V TIMING AND CONTROL DECODER COUNTER LATCHES VR_OUT READ FRAME Array of tiled CMOS sensors Xrays Scintillator Fiberoptic plate Microlens optics CMOS sensors Controller electronics 7000x7000 element array, 17 x 17 FOV for one implementation 8
9 Thin-Film Film-Transistor Array Laptop LCD display Photo-emitter X-ray converter Photo detector TFT Active Matrix Array TFT active matrix array Amplifiers Signal out Active Area Dead Zone G1 G2 G3 Gate switches Thin-Film Transistor Storage Capacitor Data lines D1 CR1 D2 CR2 D3 CR3 Charge Collector Electrode Charge Amplifiers Analog to Digital Converters Thin-Film Film-Transistor Array Indirect (CsI scintillator + photodiode) Direct (a-selenium)( 9
10 Indirect / Direct flat panel detector systems Flat-panel Fluoroscopy / Fluorography Based upon TFT charge storage and readout technology Thin-Film Film-Transistor arrays Proven with radiography applications Now available in fluoroscopy CsI scintillator systems (indirect conversion) a-se systems (direct conversion) Flat panel vs. Image Intensifier Flat panel II Field coverage / size advantage to flat panel Image distortion advantage to flat panel 10
11 Flat vs. Fat Dynamic Range Digital Flat Panel Very Wide (5-10 times more than conventional) Conventional II Narrow (TV camera limit) Distortion No Distortion Distortion from curved input surface of II Detector Size Weight and thickness much lower Heavy, bulky detector Image Area 41 cm x 41 cm square Round area is more than 20% smaller area for same diameter Image Quality Good resolution, high DQE Good resolution, high DQE Dynamic range Digital Flat Panel II/TV Saturation Limit Detector Signal Noise Floor <Lung> <Soft Tissue> <Spine> Video Signal Saturation Limit Noise Floor X-Ray Intensity X-Ray Intensity Flat panel vs. Image Intensifier Electronic noise limits flat-panel amplification gain at fluoro levels (1-5 µr/frame) Pixel binning (2x2, 3x3) offers improvements Low noise TFT s are slowly being produced; variable gain technologies on the horizon II s will likely go the way of the CRT. 11
12 Detector Characteristics MTF NPS DQE Modulation Screen-film CsI-TFT: 0.20 mm Pre-sampled Pre-sampled MTF CR: 0.10 mm CR: 0.05 mm a-selenium: 0.13 mm Frequency (lp/mm) Detective Quantum Efficiency, Radiography 0.8 CsI - TFT DQE( f ) a-se - TFT CR dual-side Screen-film CR Conventional Spatial Frequency (cycles/mm) 12
13 Equipment considerations Specific applications Fluoroscopy Pediatrics Trauma and ED Orthopedics multi-film studies (scoliosis, etc) Dental panorex Operating room Mammography Radiation Therapy Escape Dental Panorex example Integration into digital paradigm often requires creative ideas, e.g., modification of cassette for CR CR mammography front back 2 light guides Technological Advances 50 µm m spot Thicker phosphor layer Transparent phosphor base Line-scan CR array reader with structured phosphor Portable DR Device Resurgence of slot-scan systems No grid, great scatter rejection Low patient dose CR systems with DR form factor 13
14 Pros and Cons: CR vs. DR CR Flexibility* portables, multiple rooms, mammography -- direct replacement Proven technology* 2 decades of experience Screen-film paradigm extra steps for processing DR Single room use Dedicated chest, bucky C-arm / U-armU New technology experience is expanding Acquire and display* no extra steps patient throughput Pros and Cons: CR vs. DR CR DR Limited DQE Higher DQE * Higher dose for same SNR Better dose efficiency Integration/interfacing PACS +++ x-ray system + Integration/interfacing * PACS +++ x-ray system +++ Range of systems and * costs to match needs Higher costs for detector and x-ray x source $$$ Escape Less distinction between CR / DR cassette vs cassetteless Portable CR Lower cost Portability Flexibility Low cost DR Speed Ease of use High cost Integrated High speed 14
15 Advanced Acquisition & Processing Techniques Dual energy imaging Tissue selective imaging Differential attenuation with energy Digital tomosynthesis Acquisition from several projection angles Reconstruction of tomographic slices Dual Energy Image Pair Low kvp High kvp? Nodule? Tissue-selective selective Images Soft tissue Only Bone Only Nodule not in soft tissue image Nodule calcified 15
16 Digital Tomosynthesis: reduce structured noise Left Right Shift images to select plane Add to create tomogram 3 cm above detector 9 views, + to x dose Tomographic ramp Niklason, L.T. et.al. Radiology 205: QC tools, phantoms, exposure data Consider systems with a simple yet robust QC phantom and automated analysis Look for a system having exposure information with database mining capabilities Find out about preventive maintenance and unscheduled maintenance procedures Provide for adequate quality control support!! QC Workshop: Wednesday, Room 608 Escape CR / DR Implementation PACS and DICOM Digital Imaging COmmunications in Medicine Provides standard for modality interfaces, storage/retrieval, and print Modality Worklist (from RIS via HL-7 broker ) Reduce technologist input errors Technologist QC Workstation Image manipulation and processing For Processing vs For Presentation VOI LUT 16
17 CR/DR implementation Robust PACS/Network System Image Size: Storage Needs 8-32 Mbytes uncompressed 10 Pixels/mm 4300 x 3560 x 2 Bytes 3-13 Mbytes: 2.5:1 Lossless Compression Lossy compression??? Network Transmission 100 Mbit/sec minimum (diagnostic workstations) CR/DR implementation Uniformity Among CR/DR images and Display Monitors Acceptance Testing Measurement of Performance Correction of Substandard Performance Calibration of CR/DR Response Calibration of Monitors Maximum brightness Look-up up-tables, DICOM GSDF, Part 14 Heterogeneous environment more difficult.. IHE? Conclusions CR is the most flexible and cost-effective technology for digital acquisition Direct digital radiographic devices have advantages in efficiency and throughput Real-time imaging & advanced processing are clinically relevant considerations 17
An Overview of Digital Imaging Systems for Radiography and Fluoroscopy
An Overview of Digital Imaging Systems for Radiography and Fluoroscopy Michael Yester, Ph.D. University of Alabama at Birmingham Outline Introduction Imaging Considerations Receptor Properties General
More informationDigital Mammography Update: Design and Characteristics of Current Systems
: Design and Characteristics of Current Systems Kalpana M. Kanal, Ph.D., DABR Assistant Professor Department of Radiology University of Washington Seattle, Washington AAPM Annual Meeting 2009 Anaheim,
More informationComputed Radiography: Acceptance Testing and Quality Control
Computed Radiography: Acceptance Testing and Quality Control J. Anthony Seibert, Ph.D. University of California Davis Department of Radiology Sacramento, California Introduction CR is the primary means
More informationDigital radiography conquers the veterinary world
Digital radiography conquers the veterinary world Author: Dirk De Langhe Increasingly, veterinarians are using medical imaging to diagnose their patients. There is a corresponding tendency towards replacing
More informationPage: 1 of 6 Page: 1 of 6
Page: 1 of 6 Page: 1 of 6 CR Basics and FAQ Overview Computed Radiography is a term used to describe a system that electronically records a radiographic image. Computed Radiographic systems use unique
More informationEPEX. The Hologic EPEX General. Direct-to-Digital System for General Radiography. Versatility for a complete range of general radiographic exams
EPEX Direct-to-Digital System for General Radiography Featuring... Versatility for a complete range of general radiographic exams The Hologic EPEX General Radiography System is a direct-to-digital, fully
More informationDigital Radiography Image Quality: Image Acquisition
Digital Radiography Image Quality: Image Acquisition Mark B. Williams, PhD a, Elizabeth A. Krupinski, PhD b, Keith J. Strauss, MS c, William K. Breeden, III, MS d, Mark S. Rzeszotarski, PhD e, Kimberly
More informationPhysics testing of image detectors
Physics testing of image detectors Parameters to test Spatial resolution Contrast resolution Uniformity/geometric distortion Features and Weaknesses of Phantoms for CR/DR System Testing Dose response/signal
More informationX-RAY IMAGING Emerging Digital Technology - CMOS Detectors
Application Note Case Study Technology Primer White Paper X-RAY IMAGING Emerging Digital Technology - CMOS Detectors Image Sensors X-Ray DETECTORS Scanners Image Processing Custom Solutions In all domains
More informationDigital Fluoroscopic Imaging: Acquisition, Processing & Display
Digital Fluoroscopic Imaging: Acquisition, Processing & Display J. Anthony Seibert, Ph.D. University of California Davis Medical Center Sacramento, California Outline of presentation Introduction to digital
More informationINTRODUCTION. A. Purpose
New York State Department of Health Bureau of Environmental Radiation Protection Guide for Radiation Safety/Quality Assurance Programs Computed Radiography INTRODUCTION A. Purpose This guide describes
More informationQuality Control of Full Field Digital Mammography Units
Quality Control of Full Field Digital Mammography Units Melissa C. Martin, M.S., FACMP, FACR, FAAPM Melissa@TherapyPhysics.com 310-612-8127 ACMP Annual Meeting Virginia Beach, VA May 2, 2009 History of
More informationCHAPTER 3: DIGITAL IMAGING IN DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGY. 3.1 Basic Concepts of Digital Imaging
Physics of Medical X-Ray Imaging (1) Chapter 3 CHAPTER 3: DIGITAL IMAGING IN DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGY 3.1 Basic Concepts of Digital Imaging Unlike conventional radiography that generates images on film through
More informationA software tool for Quality Assurance of Computed / Digital Radiography (CR/DR) systems
A software tool for Quality Assurance of Computed / Digital Radiography (CR/DR) systems Nikunj Desai a and Daniel J Valentino a,b a icr Company Inc, 2580 West 237th Street, Torrance, CA 90505, USA b Department
More informationCollege on Medical Physics. Digital Imaging Science and Technology to Enhance Healthcare in the Developing Countries
2166-Handout College on Medical Physics. Digital Imaging Science and Technology to Enhance Healthcare in the Developing Countries 13 September - 1 October, 2010 Digital Radiography Image Parameters SNR,
More informationThinking ahead. Focused on life. REALIZED: GROUNDBREAKING RESOLUTION OF 80 µm VOXEL
Thinking ahead. Focused on life. REALIZED: GROUNDBREAKING RESOLUTION OF 80 µm VOXEL X-ray ZOOM RECONSTRUCTION Flat Panel Detector (FPD) Automatic Positioning Function For ø 40 x H 40 mm, ø 60 x H 60 mm,
More informationCOST EFFECTIVE FLAT PANEL DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY UPGRADE SOLUTIONS
COST EFFECTIVE FLAT PANEL DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY UPGRADE SOLUTIONS DRive is a digital imaging DR hardware & Software solution designed for General Radiography of anatomy. It is intended to replace film/screen
More informationFundamentals of Digital Mammography: Physics, Technology and Practical Considerations Andrew P. Smith, Ph.D.
Fundamentals of Digital Mammography: Physics, Technology and Practical Considerations Andrew P. Smith, Ph.D. Introduction Screen-film image receptors have been the standard detector used in conventional
More informationPERFORM-X DIGITAL X-RAY SYSTEM PERFORM-X. with ceiling mounted tube support PERFORM-X
DIGITAL X-RAY SYSTEM with ceiling mounted tube support Universal Digital Radiographic System Conventional system, full DR components Best-in-class image quality Flexible connectivity to PACS systems General
More informationQuality Control and Maintenance Programs
Quality Control and Maintenance Programs Cari Borrás, D.Sc., FACR, FAAPM Visiting Professor DOIN-DEN / UFPE Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil Co-Chair, IUPESM Health Technology Task Group 1 Medical Imaging Equipment
More informationScan Time Reduction and X-ray Scatter Rejection in Dual Modality Breast Tomosynthesis. Tushita Patel 4/2/13
Scan Time Reduction and X-ray Scatter Rejection in Dual Modality Breast Tomosynthesis Tushita Patel 4/2/13 Breast Cancer Statistics Second most common cancer after skin cancer Second leading cause of cancer
More informationHIGH PERFORMANCE MOBILE SURGICAL C-ARM KMC-950
HIGH PERFORMANCE MOBILE SURGICAL C-ARM 1K x 1k CCD Digital Camera System H.F. GENERATOR & ROTATING ANODE TUBE WITH DIGITAL WORKSTATION DESCRIPTION: Mobile Surgical C-arm systems are integrated with a triple
More informationREGULATION: QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAMS FOR MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC X-RAY INSTALLATIONS N.J.A.C. 7:28-22
REGULATION: QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAMS FOR MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC X-RAY INSTALLATIONS N.J.A.C. 7:28-22 New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of Radiological Health PO Box 415 Trenton NJ
More informationRunning head: COMPARISON OF AMORPHOUS SELENIUM AND AMORPHOUS 1
Running head: COMPARISON OF AMORPHOUS SELENIUM AND AMORPHOUS 1 Comparison of Amorphous Selenium and Amorphous Silicon Flat-Panel Detectors November 20, 2012 COMPARISON OF FLAT-PANEL DETECTORS 2 Abstract
More informationACR AAPM SIIM PRACTICE PARAMETER FOR DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY
The American College of Radiology, with more than 30,000 members, is the principal organization of radiologists, radiation oncologists, and clinical medical physicists in the United States. The College
More informationTraining needs for professionals in conventional radiology (radiology technicians, physicists, radiologists) joining digital radiology
Training needs for professionals in conventional radiology (radiology technicians, physicists, radiologists) joining digital radiology Guidelines on education and training for digital radiology Author:
More informationChapter 15. Creating the Digital Image. Objectives. Key Terms
Chapter 15 Creating the Digital Image Objectives Describe how a digital image is created and processed. Sequence the steps of image production and evaluation of the digital image. Identify the components
More informationSUBCHAPTER 22 QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAMS FOR MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC X-RAY INSTALLATIONS
Note: This is a courtesy copy and is not the official version of this rule. The official, legally effective version of this rule is available through www.lexisnexic.com/bookstore (Phone: (800) 223-1940).
More informationRole of the Medical Physicist in Clinical Implementation of Breast Tomosynthesis
Role of the Medical Physicist in Clinical Implementation of Breast Tomosynthesis Bob Liu, Ph.D. Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital And Harvard Medical School Digital Breast Tomosynthesis
More informationUnderstanding Digital Modalities: System Integration and Use
Understanding Digital Modalities: System Integration and Use Donald J. Peck, PhD Henry Ford Health System Detroit, MI donaldp@rad.hfh.edu Dicom Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine Part 3: Information
More informationAcceptance Testing and Quality Control of Photostimulable Storage Phosphor Imaging Systems
AAPM REPORT NO. 93 Acceptance Testing and Quality Control of Photostimulable Storage Phosphor Imaging Systems Report of AAPM Task Group 10 October 2006 DISCLAIMER: This publication is based on sources
More informationA PACS-Aware DICOM Image Object
Designing and Implementing A PACS-Aware DICOM Image Object For Digital X-ray, Mammography and Intraoral Applications David A. Clunie Quintiles Intelligent Imaging Clear Vision for the Healthcare Industry
More informationComputed Radiography Technology 2004
Computed Radiography Technology 2004 J. Anthony Seibert, Ph.D. Department of Radiology University of California Davis Medical Center Sacramento, California Introduction..................................................
More informationFundamentals of Cone-Beam CT Imaging
Fundamentals of Cone-Beam CT Imaging Marc Kachelrieß German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Germany www.dkfz.de Learning Objectives To understand the principles of volumetric image formation
More informationThe Fundamentals of MTF, Wiener Spectra, and DQE. Motivation
The Fundamentals of MTF, Wiener Spectra, and DQE Robert M Nishikawa Kurt Rossmann Laboratories for Radiologic Image Research Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago Motivation Goal of radiology:
More informationComparing Digital and Analogue X-ray Inspection for BGA, Flip Chip and CSP Analysis
Comparing Digital and Analogue X-ray Inspection for BGA, Flip Chip and CSP Analysis David Bernard & Steve Ainsworth Dage Precision Industries Abstract Non-destructive testing during the manufacture of
More informationR/F. Efforts to Reduce Exposure Dose in Chest Tomosynthesis Targeting Lung Cancer Screening. 3. Utility of Chest Tomosynthesis. 1.
R/F Efforts to Reduce Exposure Dose in Chest Tomosynthesis Targeting Lung Cancer Screening Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital East Kaoru Shimizu Ms. Kaoru Shimizu 1. Introduction
More informationDental Radiography Core Subject. Digital Radiography
Dental Radiography Core Subject Digital Radiography Aims: To develop an understanding of the history of digital radiography, the different types of digital x-rays and the advantages and disadvantages of
More informationA Comparison of Screen/Film and Digital Imaging: Image Processing, Image Quality, and Dose
AAPM 2005-Continuing Education Course in Radiographic and Fluoroscopy Physics and Technology A Comparison of Screen/Film and Digital Imaging: Image Processing, Image Quality, and Dose Ralph Schaetzing,
More informationQ.A. Collectible. Sponsored by CRCPD s Committee on Quality Assurance in Diagnostic X-Ray (H-7)
Q.A. Collectible Sponsored by CRCPD s Committee on Quality Assurance in Diagnostic X-Ray (H-7) Mammography Phantom Image Quality Evaluation (from the American College of Radiology 1999 Mammography Quality
More informationPRACTICAL TIPS IN ENSURING RADIATION SAFETY IN THE USE OF MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC X-RAY EQUIPMENT
PRACTICAL TIPS IN ENSURING RADIATION SAFETY IN THE USE OF MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC X-RAY EQUIPMENT Although the medical uses of X-rays to examine a patient without surgery became an amazing medical breakthrough,
More informationApplication of Digital Radiography for the Detection and Classification of Pneumoconiosis
Application of Digital Radiography for the Detection and Classification of Pneumoconiosis DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Institute for Occupational
More informationEndoscopy & X-Ray Image Sensors Markets
Endoscopy & X-Ray Image Sensors Markets IMAP December 2012 2012 Le Quartz - 75 cours Emile Zola - 69100 LYON-Villeurbanne Tel: +33 472 83 01 80 - Fax: +33 472 83 01 83 Web: www.yole.fr Agenda Overview
More informationDICOM Correction Item
Correction Number DICOM Correction Item CP-626 Log Summary: Type of Modification Clarification Rationale for Correction Name of Standard PS 3.3 2004 + Sup 83 The description of pixel spacing related attributes
More informationEquipment. Lin muyan. Presented by: CocticaUwititonze Email: costicauwitonze@yahoo.com Cell:+250 (0)7888 44764
Digital Medical Radiography Diagnostic (DR) system X-ray Equipment Presented by: CocticaUwititonze Email: costicauwitonze@yahoo.com Cell:+250 (0)7888 44764 Lin muyan 1. Goals 2. Introduction 3. X-ray machine
More informationSynthetic Sensing: Proximity / Distance Sensors
Synthetic Sensing: Proximity / Distance Sensors MediaRobotics Lab, February 2010 Proximity detection is dependent on the object of interest. One size does not fit all For non-contact distance measurement,
More informationX-ray Imaging Systems
Principles of Imaging Science I (RAD 119) X-ray Tube & Equipment X-ray Imaging Systems Medical X-ray Equipment Classified by purpose or energy/current levels kvp, ma Radiographic Non-dynamic procedures
More informationDR Retrofit Kit 1417 WL Configuration Integrated PACS
DR Retrofit Kit 1417 WL Configuration Integrated PACS Description: The DR Retrofit Kit 1417WL - Configuration Integrated PACS makes the use of CR Cassettes/Imaging Plates or the use of analogue x-ray films,
More information3D Accuitomo FPD XYZ Slice View Tomograph. Super-High Resolution Images of Region of Interest
3D Accuitomo FPD XYZ Slice View Tomograph. Super-High Resolution Images of Region of Interest Thinking ahead. Focused on life. Thinking ahead. Focused on life. The new era of user-friendly, 3-dimensional
More informationSECTION 1: REQUIREMENTS FOR CERTIFICATES OF COMPLIANCE FOR CLASSES OF RADIATION APPARATUS
Department of Health and Human services Population Health Radiation Protection Act 2005 Section 17 CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE: STANDARD FOR RADIATION APPARATUS - X-RAY MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC (MAMMOGRAPHY) SECTION
More informationMEDICAL IMAGING. 90/30 Remote Controlled RF System
MEDICAL IMAGING 90/30 Remote Controlled RF System The Easy solution for your Remote Controlled room Apollo EZ represents the Easy approach for the radiographic/fluoroscopic room and it comes from the experience
More informationBergen Community College Division of Health Professions/ Radiography Program. Course Syllabus and Course of Study for Lecture
Course Information: Course title: Advanced Imaging Equipment and Patient Care Course Code: RAD 184 Credits: 2.0 (30 lecture hours) Pre-requisites: RAD 276 - Imaging Equipment RAD 281 - Radiography II RAD
More informationRemote RadEye Product Family
Remote RadEye Product Family Overview The Remote RadEye x-ray camera provides the ultimate flexibility in design and product options for your complex imaging applications. Our unique camera design separates
More informationCONTENT SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE FLUOROSCOPY EXAMINATION
CONTENT SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE FLUOROSCOPY EXAMINATION Publication Date: November 2010 Implementation Date: March 2011 The purpose of the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists Fluoroscopy Examination
More informationModern Fluoroscopy Imaging Systems
Modern Fluoroscopy Imaging Systems Eric Gingold, PhD Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA SUMMARY Fluoroscopy, or real-time projection X-ray imaging, has been in clinical use since shortly after
More informationIndirect X-ray photon counting image sensor with 27T pixels and 15 electrons RMS accurate threshold
Indirect X-ray photon counting image sensor with 27T pixels and 15 electrons RMS accurate threshold B. Dierickx 1,2, B. Dupont 1,3, A. Defernez 1, N. Ahmed 1 1 Caeleste, Antwerp, Belgium 2 Vrije Universiteit
More informationMammography. For 35+ years, screenfilm has been the gold standard for breast cancer detection
Digital Mammography Upright Stereo Mammography For 35+ years, screenfilm has been the gold standard for breast cancer detection IN THE BEGINNING Mammography technology has come a long way since the first
More informationPerformance testing for Precision 500D Classical R/F System
Performance testing for Precision 500D Classical R/F System John M. Boudry, Ph.D. Image Quality Systems Engineer GE Healthcare Technologies Outline System background Image Quality Signature Test (IQST)
More informationWhat s New in DICOM. DICOM Workshop @ SPIE MEDICAL IMAGING February 2010. Bas Revet, Philips Healthcare (Chair WG 6)
What s New in DICOM DICOM Workshop @ SPIE MEDICAL IMAGING February 2010 Bas Revet, Philips Healthcare (Chair WG 6) DICOM is the International Standard for Medical Imaging and related information: images,
More informationBest Practices in Digital Radiography
WHITE PAPER Best Practices in Digital Radiography Tracy L. Herrmann, M.Ed., R.T.(R); Terri L. Fauber, Ed.D., R.T.(R)(M); Julie Gill, Ph.D., R.T.(R)(QM); Colleen Hoffman, R.T.(R)(M)(CT); Denise K. Orth,
More informationX-ray Imaging Systems
Principles of Imaging Science I (RAD 119) X-ray Tube & Equipment X-ray Imaging Systems Medical X-ray Equipment Classified by purpose or energy/current levels kvp, ma Radiographic Non-dynamic procedures
More informationApplications: X-ray Microtomography, Streak Tube and CRT Readout, Industrial & Medical Imaging X-RAY GROUP
Now Powered by LightField FEATURES BENEFITS Back Illuminated CCD (248B) For highest sensitivity Front illuminated CCD (248F) Affordable technology for moderate light level applications Ultra low noise
More informationInterfacing Fuji CR in a DICOM Network Environment
Interfacing Fuji CR in a DICOM Network Environment Wayne T. DeJarnette, Ph.D., Valmore Albrecht, RT, Alan Orth, RT, Jon Sayer, M.S. DeJarnette Research Systems, Inc. 401 Washington Avenue Towson, MD 21204
More informationChoosing a digital camera for your microscope John C. Russ, Materials Science and Engineering Dept., North Carolina State Univ.
Choosing a digital camera for your microscope John C. Russ, Materials Science and Engineering Dept., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC One vital step is to choose a transfer lens matched to your
More informationLecture 16: A Camera s Image Processing Pipeline Part 1. Kayvon Fatahalian CMU 15-869: Graphics and Imaging Architectures (Fall 2011)
Lecture 16: A Camera s Image Processing Pipeline Part 1 Kayvon Fatahalian CMU 15-869: Graphics and Imaging Architectures (Fall 2011) Today (actually all week) Operations that take photons to an image Processing
More informationI-Max Touch Range. PAN / CEPH / 3D digital panoramic unit. Evolutive 3 in 1 panoramic unit
I-Max Touch Range PAN / CEPH / 3D digital panoramic unit Evolutive 3 in 1 panoramic unit 3D A new dimension for a complete diagnosis I-Max Touch 3D Evolutive, simple, fast The panoramic unit realizes complete
More informationAXIOM Artis U The little big one for universal angiography and cardiology applications
AXIOM Artis U The little big one for universal angiography and cardiology applications AXIOM The versatile system for universal angiography and cardiology applications Unchain your workflow! Ease of Use
More informationDENTAL Cone beam 3D X-RAY SYSTEM with
VERSATILE INTUITIVE efficient DENTAL Cone beam 3D X-RAY SYSTEM with dedicated panoramic imaging With thirty years of experience in designing and manufacturing state-of-the-art dental panoramic and tomographic
More informationLIST OF CONTENTS CHAPTER CONTENT PAGE DECLARATION DEDICATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ABSTRACT ABSTRAK
vii LIST OF CONTENTS CHAPTER CONTENT PAGE DECLARATION DEDICATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ABSTRACT ABSTRAK LIST OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF NOTATIONS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS LIST OF APPENDICES
More informationCT RADIATION DOSE REPORT FROM DICOM. Frank Dong, PhD, DABR Diagnostic Physicist Imaging Institute Cleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland, OH
CT RADIATION DOSE REPORT FROM DICOM Frank Dong, PhD, DABR Diagnostic Physicist Imaging Institute Cleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland, OH CT Patient comes out... Patient goes in... Big Black Box Radiology
More informationChecklist for the Qualification of Digital Detector Array Systems
Paper No. 010-12 Checklist for the Qualification of Digital Detector Array Systems 1 February 2012 This document was created by the Federal Working Group on Industrial Digital Radiography. Reproduction
More informationThe Convenient and Compact CR System for Veterinary Practices
The Convenient and Compact CR System for Veterinary Practices Fire CR+ 20 / 40 / 60 / 80 vet with a throughput of 20 to 70 cassettes per hour and the option of a space - saving wall mount The small and
More informationMDCT Technology. Kalpana M. Kanal, Ph.D., DABR Assistant Professor Department of Radiology University of Washington Seattle, Washington
MDCT Technology Kalpana M. Kanal, Ph.D., DABR Assistant Professor Department of Radiology University of Washington Seattle, Washington ACMP Annual Meeting 2008 - Seattle, WA Educational Objectives Historical
More informationMeasuring Size and Distance in Digital Mammography
On the matter of size and distance measurements in digital mammography David A. Clunie 2007/03/18 Radiologists reading mammograms have a need to measure size and distance in order to estimate interval
More informationCR 30-Xm. CR 30-Xm Digitizer
D I G I T I Z E R CR 30-Xm Complete solution for digital mammography and all general radiography applications The CR 30-Xm is a versatile computed radiography (CR) digitizer that can handle digital mammography,
More informationA PHOTOGRAMMETRIC APPRAOCH FOR AUTOMATIC TRAFFIC ASSESSMENT USING CONVENTIONAL CCTV CAMERA
A PHOTOGRAMMETRIC APPRAOCH FOR AUTOMATIC TRAFFIC ASSESSMENT USING CONVENTIONAL CCTV CAMERA N. Zarrinpanjeh a, F. Dadrassjavan b, H. Fattahi c * a Islamic Azad University of Qazvin - nzarrin@qiau.ac.ir
More informationQUANTITATIVE IMAGING IN MULTICENTER CLINICAL TRIALS: PET
Centers for Quantitative Imaging Excellence (CQIE) LEARNING MODULE QUANTITATIVE IMAGING IN MULTICENTER CLINICAL TRIALS: PET American College of Radiology Clinical Research Center v.1 Centers for Quantitative
More informationEasy Quality Control with - PTW Equipment. Code of Practice - Quality control of X-ray equipment in diagnostic radiology
Easy Quality Control with - PTW Equipment Code of Practice - Quality control of X-ray equipment in diagnostic radiology Revised edition October 2010 Code of Practice- Quality control of X-ray equipment
More informationModule 13 : Measurements on Fiber Optic Systems
Module 13 : Measurements on Fiber Optic Systems Lecture : Measurements on Fiber Optic Systems Objectives In this lecture you will learn the following Measurements on Fiber Optic Systems Attenuation (Loss)
More informationX-ray detectors for digital radiography
Phys. Med. Biol. 42 (1997) 1 39. Printed in the UK PII: S0031-9155(97)36090-4 REVIEW X-ray detectors for digital radiography M J Yaffe and J A Rowlands Imaging Research Program, Sunnybrook Health Science
More informationCAR Standards for Teleradiology
CAR Standards for Teleradiology The standards of the Canadian Association of Radiologists (CAR) are not rules, but are guidelines that attempt to define principles of practice that should generally produce
More informationAnalog and Digital Systems of Imaging in Roentgenodiagnostics
8 Analog and Digital Systems of Imaging in Roentgenodiagnostics Dominika Oborska-Kumaszyńska 1 General Radiology, Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital, Wroclaw, 2 Wolverhampton
More informationClinic. ED Trauma Trauma Stroke. OR Neuro/Spine. Critical Care. Neuro ENT. Diagnostic. Pediatric. Radiology. Plastics Thoracic. Neuro.
www.neurologica.com Critical Care Clinic Operating Room Radiology ED Trauma OR Neuro/Spine Pediatric Plastics Thoracic General Interventional Radiology ENT ED Trauma Trauma Stroke Critical Care Neuro Pediatric
More informationDigital Breast Tomosynthesis QC Requirements
Digital Breast Tomosynthesis QC Requirements AAPM Spring Clinical Meeting March 8, 2015 Michael S Glaser, MS, DABR Alliance Medical Physics, LLC Learning Objectives 1. GE SenoClaire - Physicist & Technologist
More informationAdvantage of the CMOS Sensor
- TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION Advantage of the CMOS Sensor Contents 1. Introduction...2 2. Comparing CCD & CMOS...2 3. CMOS Sensor Exmor...3 4. New Wide-D Technology Using High-speed Readout of the CMOS Sensor
More informationNote monitors controlled by analog signals CRT monitors are controlled by analog voltage. i. e. the level of analog signal delivered through the
DVI Interface The outline: The reasons for digital interface of a monitor the transfer from VGA to DVI. DVI v. analog interface. The principles of LCD control through DVI interface. The link between DVI
More informationCONFOCAL LASER SCANNING MICROSCOPY TUTORIAL
CONFOCAL LASER SCANNING MICROSCOPY TUTORIAL Robert Bagnell 2006 This tutorial covers the following CLSM topics: 1) What is the optical principal behind CLSM? 2) What is the spatial resolution in X, Y,
More informationACR AAPM SIIM PRACTICE PARAMETER FOR DETERMINANTS OF IMAGE QUALITY IN DIGITAL MAMMOGRAPHY
The American College of Radiology, with more than 30,000 members, is the principal organization of radiologists, radiation oncologists, and clinical medical physicists in the United States. The College
More informationQuality control tests of diagnostic radiology equipment in Hungary, and its radiation protection aspects
Quality control tests of diagnostic radiology equipment in Hungary, and its radiation protection aspects Tamás Porubszky *, Csaba Váradi, László Ballay, Olivér Turák, Géza Gáspárdy, István Turai Frédéric
More informationWhite paper. CCD and CMOS sensor technology Technical white paper
White paper CCD and CMOS sensor technology Technical white paper Table of contents 1. Introduction to image sensors 3 2. CCD technology 4 3. CMOS technology 5 4. HDTV and megapixel sensors 6 5. Main differences
More informationThe convenient and compact CR system for veterinary practices
Divario CR-Fvet with dicom PACS DX-R Software CR Systems for the Future The convenient and compact CR system for veterinary practices Divario CR-F20/ F40/ F60/ F80 vet Divario CR-F20/ F40/ F60/ F80 vet
More informationPicture archiving and communication systems (PACS) and guidelines on diagnostic display devices
IT Guidance Documents Picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) and guidelines on diagnostic display devices Second edition Board of the Faculty of Clinical Radiology The Royal College of Radiologists
More informationUnderstanding Network Video Security Systems
Understanding Network Video Security Systems Chris Adesanya Panasonic System Solutions Company adesanyac@us.panasonic.com Introduction and Overview This session will provide vendor neutral introduction
More informationEconomic Evaluation of Conventional Radiography with Film and Computed Radiography: Applied at BMC
Advances in Computed Tomography, 2012, 1, 23-29 http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/act.2012.13006 Published Online December 2012 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/act) Economic Evaluation of Conventional Radiography
More informationSurveying and QC of Stereotactic Breast Biopsy Units for ACR Accreditation
Surveying and QC of Stereotactic Breast Biopsy Units for ACR Accreditation LORAD Stereotactic Breast Biopsy System AAPM Spring Clinical Meeting Phoenix, AZ March 17, 2013 Melissa C. Martin, M.S., FACR,
More informationPET/CT QC/QA. Quality Control in PET. Magnus Dahlbom, Ph.D. Verify the operational integrity of the system. PET Detectors
Quality Control in PET PET/CT QC/QA Magnus Dahlbom, Ph.D. Division of Nuclear Medicine Ahmanson Biochemical Imaging Clinic David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles Verify the operational integrity
More informationicr3600 icr3600m VertX idr Film Digitizers Clarity PACS Innovative Medical Imaging
icr3600 icr3600m VertX idr Film Digitizers Clarity PACS Innovative Medical Imaging Twenty Years of Medical Imaging Innovation The Future of Digital Radiography is at icrco. Founded in 1990 by Stephen Neushul,
More informationMotion Activated Camera User Manual
Brinno MAC200 User Manual Last Modified on 12/23/2015 7:51 pm EST Motion Activated Camera User Manual www.brinno.com Register@online http://www.brinno.com/support/register.html contact us: customerservice@brinno.com
More informationTraining needs for professionals in conventional radiology (radiology technicians, physicists, radiologists) joining digital radiology
Training needs for professionals in conventional radiology (radiology technicians, physicists, radiologists) joining digital radiology S Peer 1, R Peer 1, P Torbica 1, W Jaschke 1, E Vaño 2 Innsbruck University
More informationRecommendations for a technical quality control program for diagnostic X-ray equipment
Australasian Physical & Engineering Sciences in Medicine Volume 28 Number 2, 2005 ACPSEM POSITION PAPER Recommendations for a technical quality control program for diagnostic X-ray equipment D. A. Causer
More information