Understanding Network Video Security Systems

Transcription

1 Understanding Network Video Security Systems Chris Adesanya Panasonic System Solutions Company

2 Introduction and Overview This session will provide vendor neutral introduction to the terminology and specifications used to describe a video security system. By the end of the session attendees should have an understanding of the terminology used to describe the cameras, recorders and infrastructure components that make up a network video security system and have the foundation necessary to understand how these systems impact the ITS design.

3 Agenda Understanding the Camera Specifications Lenses and Optics Imager Types and Size Resolution, Day/Night Capabilities Signal to Noise Ratio Dynamic Range Color Reproduction Network Transport of Video Information Compression Methods Transport Protocols Infrastructure Components Centralized and Distributed Systems Power and Power Over Ethernet Questions and Answers

4 Camera Specifications

5 Anatomy of a Typical Network Camera

6 Understanding Lenses

7 Field of View: Effects of Imager Size 1/3 Imager 1/4 Imager Both with 12mm lenses

8 Imager Types: CCD (Charge Coupled Devices) The Simple Explanation Light Sensor made up of photoreactive pixels or picture elements Light causes a charge to build up on each pixel proportional to light intensity Control circuit sends accumulated charges to charge amplifier Charge amplifier converts charges to sequential analog signal

9 Imager Types: CMOS (Complimentary Metal Oxide Semi-Conductor) The Simple Explanation Light Sensor made up of photodetector pixels or picture elements Photodetector sends signal to CMOS transistors Signal is read at the output of one of the transistors Other transistors buffer and reset the photodetector

10 Resolution: Scanning Area and Pixels 768 Interlaced Scanning x 494 Scanning Area refers to the number of pixels on the imager

11 Resolution: Scanning Area and Pixels 768 Progressive Scanning x 494 Scanning Area refers to the number of pixels on the imager MegaPixel 1280 x 960 (1.3M)

12 Progressive vs Interlaced Scan vs.

13 Resolution: Lines of Resolution EIA 1956 Resolution Chart

14 Normal Camera

15 Image may be copyright. Mega Pixel Camera

16 Not all Pixels are Created Equal Actual lines of resolution achieved can be effected by Signal to Noise Ratio Imager Size Sensitivity Lenses Megapixel cameras can be great, but make sure the gain in resolution justifies the extra bandwidth and storage needed to support them.

17 Black and White vs. Color

18 Day/Night Mode CCD Sensitive to IR Light IR Filter used in color mode to filter IR light out In B/W mode IR filter removed 3 Pixels used for color recycled for B/W Sensitivity increased Resolution increased

19 Lux Ratings and Signal to Noise Ratios Lux minimum luminance level at which the camera will record a satisfactory image. (=LOW)

20 Lux Ratings and Signal to Noise Ratios Min Illumination Min Illumination Min Illumination B/W mode

21 Lux Ratings and Signal to Noise Ratios Lux minimum luminance level at which the camera will record a satisfactory image. (=LOW) SNR the level of a desired signal to the level of background noise (=HIGH)

22 MEGA pixel comparison light condition low Min. Illumination 1.5 lx Vertical noise Low frequency horizontal noise

23 Min. Illumination 1.5 lx MEGA pixel comparison low light condition Vertical noise Low frequency horizontal noise

24 Dynamic Range The difference between the darkest area and the brightest are for which a usable picture can be obtained is know as Dynamic Range. Usually expressed in db.

25 COLOR REPRODUCTION Dynamic range is higher narrow DYNAMIC DANGE High performance of Color reproduction Poor color reproduction narrow DYNAMIC DANGE Poor color reproduction Poor color reproduction

26 Network Transport of Video Information

27 Intraframe vs. Interframe Intraframe Ex M-JPEG Interframe Ex: MPEG-4

28 MPEG-4 Encoding Details Encoding Frames I-frames (Intra-frames) completely self-contained / do not reference any other frames P-frames Reference the frame that came before it for image data Each macroblock of a P-frame can be encoded independently of anything else P-frames use the similarities found in subsequent frames; are significantly smaller than I-frames B-frames are called key frames "Bidirectional" frames, meaning that they can reference frames that come both before and after itself

29 Methods for Encoding Video for IP Transmission Intraframe JPEG, JPEG2000 Code a single image on a standalone basis Interframe MPEG1, 2, 4, H.261, H.263, H.264/AVC (also known as MPEG4 Part 10) Utilizes motion compensation; Takes advantage of redundancy between nearby video frames Based on motion vectors that predict frame content; Use blocks drawn from one or more nearby frames

30 Using Encoded Video

31 Storing and Recording Encoded Video Software based recording Solutions Software loads on end user Windows based PCs End user can provide and maintain their own hardware Failure of PC running software can cause loss of recording system Embedded Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) Appliance DVRs Appliance dedicated to recording and storing of encoded video Hardware provided by manufacturer Not dependent upon third part OS and drivers Usually do not require license keys Usually managed by PC based software Software as a Service Users Purchase subscription to site hosting service

32 Frame Rate What is Real Time Video? highspeedcam.wmv

33 Frame Rate Comparison Tool PSS-recording-rates.html

34 Storing and Recording Encoded Video (Design Considerations) Recoding frame rate-images per second Image resolution Image quality (amount of compression) Days of retention Ability to search, sort and playback data Fault tolerance and error recovery Reliability and survivability Other features (bell and whistles)

35 Infrastructure Considerations

36 Infrastructure Components Analog Camera Coaxial Video or UTP Cable Multiconductor Low Voltage Power Cable (power injection in UTP Cable may be used) Digital Video Recorder Camera Power Supply Ethernet Cable Network Camera Midspan PoE Device Network Switch Network Video Recorder or Recording Server

37 Analog Conduit Coaxial cable Adding IP L2 switch Adding Ethernet Cable

38 Infrastructure Components

39 Infrastructure Components

40 Infrastructure Components

41 STACK 1 STACK 2 STACK 1 STACK 2 STACK 1 STACK 2 STACK 1 STACK 2 STACK 1 STACK 2 STACK 1 STACK 2 STACK 1 STACK 2 CONSOLE CONSOLE CONSOLE CONSOLE CONSOLE CONSOLE CONSOLE RATING V ~ 2.3A-1.5A, HZ RATING V ~ 2.3A-1.5A, HZ RATING V ~ 2.3A-1.5A, HZ RATING V ~ 2.3A-1.5A, HZ RATING V ~ 2.3A-1.5A, HZ RATING V ~ 2.3A-1.5A, HZ RATING V ~ 2.3A-1.5A, HZ DC INPUTS FOR REMOTE POWER SUPPLY SPECIFIED IN MANUAL DC INPUTS FOR REMOTE POWER SUPPLY SPECIFIED IN MANUAL DC INPUTS FOR REMOTE POWER SUPPLY SPECIFIED IN MANUAL DC INPUTS FOR REMOTE POW ER SUPPLY SPECIFIED IN MANUAL DC INPUTS FOR REMOTE POW ER SUPPLY SPECIFIED IN MANUAL DC INPUTS FOR REMOTE POWER SUPPLY SPECIFIED IN MANUAL DC INPUTS FOR REMOTE POWER SUPPLY SPECIFIED IN MANUAL IP-Based Centralized Recording System TR TR TR TR TR Features: -Dependence on Core Switch Operation -Better control of key equipment -Concentrated Network Load TR MCC Command Center

42 STACK 1 STACK 2 STACK 1 STACK 2 STACK 1 STACK 2 STACK 1 STACK 2 STACK 1 STACK 2 STACK 1 STACK 2 STACK 1 STACK 2 STACK 1 STACK 2 CONSOLE CONSOLE CONSOLE CONSOLE CONSOLE CONSOLE CONSOLE CONSOLE RATING V ~ 2.3A-1.5A, HZ RATING V ~ 2.3A-1.5A, HZ RATING V ~ 2.3A-1.5A, HZ RATING V ~ 2.3A-1.5A, HZ RATING V ~ 2.3A-1.5A, HZ RATING V ~ 2.3A-1.5A, HZ RATING V ~ 2.3A-1.5A, HZ RATING V ~ 2.3A-1.5A, HZ DC INPUTS FOR REMOTE POW ER SUPPLY SPECIFIED IN MANUAL DC INPUTS FOR REMOTE POW ER SUPPLY SPECIFIED IN MANUAL DC INPUTS FOR REMOTE POW ER SUPPLY SPECIFIED IN MANUAL DC INPUTS FOR REMOTE POWER SUPPLY SPECIFIED IN MANUAL 7A DC INPUTS FOR REMOTE POWER SUPPLY SPECIFIED IN MANUAL 7A DC INPUTS FOR REMOTE POW ER SUPPLY SPECIFIED IN MANUAL DC INPUTS FOR REMOTE POW ER SUPPLY SPECIFIED IN MANUAL DC INPUTS FOR REMOTE POW ER SUPPLY SPECIFIED IN MANUAL IP-Based Distributed Recording System TR TR Telecomm Rooms Network Switches with Layer 3 Protocols Distributed Network Disk Recorders TR TR TR Features: -Minimal Recording System Dependence on Core Switch Operation -Distributed Network Load TR TR MCC Command Center

43 PoE Devices and Power Classes PD = Powered Device Network Camera PSE = Power Sourcing Equipment Network Switch Midspan Single Channel Power Injector The 802.3af (PoE) standard allows the PD to request one of three levels or classes of power: Class 1-3W Class 2-7W Class 3 13W

44 Accommodating Power over Ethernet (PoE)

45 References and Standards Always check with the local authority having jurisdiction for any local codes, regulations, standards or licensing requirements Electronic Safety and Security Design Reference Manual 2 nd Edition

46 Conclusions Structured Cabling Systems Wiring Plants can carry video, audio and low voltage power Select cameras to meet customer s s needs Video over IP / Compression Technologies There is no best compression or system it is what is best for your application Match Video Surveillance System with Network Protocols Use the System of Network Application Design Achieve a convergence of intelligent and professional imaging over networks

47 Questions? Answers? Comments? Thanks!