Marine World Heritage: Safeguarding the Crown Jewels of the Ocean. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
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1 PATRIMONIO MUNDIAL WORLD HERITAGE PATRIMOINE MONDIAL United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization World Heritage Convention Marine World Heritage: Safeguarding the Crown Jewels of the Ocean
2 The 1972 World Heritage Convention is founded on the premise that certain places on our planet are of Outstanding Universal Value and as such should form part of the common heritage of humankind. On a planet of over 70% ocean, a huge amount of our heritage is located in marine areas. Today, 46 sites are inscribed on the World Heritage List specifically in recognition of their exceptional marine values. Cat Holloway WHAT IS MARINE WORLD HERITAGE? en Haut! / M. Broquere S. Nancy Unique places as the Great Barrier Reef in Australia, the Galápagos Islands in Ecuador, Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park in the Philippines, among others, make up the world s marine heritage. These sites are recognized for their exceptional natural phenomena, their geological processes, ecological functioning and/or outstanding biodiversity found nowhere else on the planet.
3 The World Heritage Marine Programme Launched in 2005, the mission of the World Heritage Marine Programme is to establish effective conservation of existing and potential marine areas of Outstanding Universal Value to make sure they will be maintained and thrive for generations to come. What do we want to achieve over the next 10 years? Over the next 10 years, marine World Heritage aims to achieve three major goals: 1 2 World Heritage marine sites managed effectively to maintain their Outstanding Universal Value, using contemporary management approaches; An international network of World Heritage marine sites reflecting a representative selection of all major marine ecosystems of the world; 1 World Heritage marine sites managed effectively World Heritage marine sites share similar conservation challenges but simultaneously hold a wealth of information about good and best practices in dealing with them. While some sites are well managed and deal with threats adequately, others lack the capacity to do so. Bringing these success stories together, in ways that make them suitable for replication in other marine areas, is one of the central pieces of work where a clear and univocal added value can be delivered. The work of the World Heritage Centre s Marine Programme has allowed it to accumulate a tremendous amount of knowledge about sites, compiled over multiple years. It is today, in many respects, uniquely positioned to develop a set of best practice examples and to promote them so they will be replicated and benefit other marine World Heritage sites around the world. 3 A marine World Heritage site managers network that serves as a driver for change in ocean conservation globally. AlexanderGruzdev
4 2 3 An international network of World Heritage marine sites Today, 46 marine sites are inscribed on the World Heritage List. They cover a vast range of ecosystem types in both tropical and temperate ocean areas. While mangroves, coral reefs and saltmarshes are relatively well represented among the network of marine sites on the World Heritage List, others are not. A recent, preliminary stock take indicated nine major marine gaps on the World Heritage List. The Arctic Realm might be of special interest. Nearly no World Heritage sites exist anywhere along the vast and distinct Arctic coastlines but this region contains many exceptional marine features. World Heritage site managers as drivers for change Marine World Heritage sites cover about one quarter by area of all marine protected areas (MPAs) on the planet. Given their status, they are in a unique position to actively change the management of a significant percentage of the existing global MPA coverage and thus directly make a compelling contribution to multiple International Biodiversity targets such as the 2010 Aichi Biodiversity Targets under the Convention on Biological Diversity, among others. World Heritage sites are protected through the 1972 World Heritage Convention. They are selected through a rigorous, multi-year nomination, evaluation and inscription process. A World Heritage marine site must respond to at least one of the following natural criteria: 1. Superlative natural phenomena or areas of exceptional natural beauty and aesthetic importance; 2. Outstanding examples of major stages in the earth s history, including the record of life, significant on-going processes in the development of landforms or significant geomorphic or physiographic features; 3. Outstanding examples of significant, ongoing ecological and biological processes in the evolution and development of terrestrial, fresh water, coastal and marine ecosystems and plant and animal communities, and 4. The most important and significant natural habitats for in-situ conservation of biological diversity, including threatened species that are considered of Outstanding Universal Value from the point of view of science or conservation. A site must also meet requirements for integrity and have an adequate protection and management system to ensure the conservation of the site s outstanding features. UNESCO/Nicky de Battista
5 List of sites ARGENTINA Península Valdés, 1999 AUSTRALIA Great Barrier Reef, 1981 Heard and McDonald Islands, 1997 Macquarie Island, 1997 Ningaloo Coast, 2011 Shark Bay, Western Australia, 1991 BANGLADESH The Sundarbans, 1997 BELIZE Belize Barrier Reef Reserve System, 1996 BRAZIL Brazilian Atlantic Islands: Fernando de Noronha and Atol das Rocas Reserves, 2001 CANADA/USA Kluane/Wrangell-St. Elias/Glacier Bay/ Tatshenshini-Alsek, 1979 COLOMBIA Malpelo Fauna and Flora Sanctuary, 2006 COSTA RICA Area de Conservación Guanacaste, 1999 Cocos Island National Park, 1997 ECUADOR Galápagos Islands, 1978 FINLAND/SWEDEN High Coast/Kvarken Archipelago, 2000 FRANCE Gulf of Porto: Calanche of Piana, Gulf of Girolata, Scandola Reserve, 1983 Lagoons of New Caledonia: Reef Diversity and Associated Ecosystems, 2008 GERMANY/NETHERLANDS The Wadden Sea, 2009 ICELAND Surtsey, 2008 INDIA Sundarbans National Park, 1987 INDONESIA Komodo National Park, 1991 Ujung Kulon National Park, 1991 JAPAN Ogasawara Islands, 2011 Shiretoko, 2005 KIRIBATI Phoenix Islands Protected Area, 2010 MAURITANIA Banc d Arguin National Park, 1989 MEXICO Islands and Protected Areas of the Gulf of California, 2005 Sian Ka an, 1987 Whale Sanctuary of El Vizcaino, 1993 NEW ZEALAND New Zealand Sub-Antarctic Islands, 1998 NORWAY West Norwegian Fjords - Geirangerfjord and Nærøyfjord, 2005 PALAU Rock Islands Southern Lagoon, 2012 PANAMA Coiba National Park and its Special Zone of Marine Protection, 2005 PHILIPPINES Puerto-Princesa Subterranean River National Park, 1999 Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park, 1993 RUSSIAN FEDERATION Natural System of Wrangel Island Reserve, 2004 SEYCHELLES Aldabra Atoll, 1982 SOLOMON ISLANDS East Rennell, 1998 SOUTH AFRICA isimangaliso Wetland Park,1999 SPAIN Ibiza, Biodiversity and Culture, 1999 UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND Gough and Inaccessible Islands, 1995 St Kilda, 1986 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Everglades National Park, 1979 Papahanaumokuakea, 2010 VIET NAM Ha Long Bay, 1994 YEMEN Socotra Archipelago, 2008
6 CLT-2013/WS/10 Contact information Fanny Douvere Coordinator World Heritage Centre Marine Programme UNESCO 7, place de Fontenoy Paris 07 SP France Phone: UNESCO World Heritage Centre 2013 Jerker Tamelander
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