Mediterranean-Mare Nostrum Nature and Culture Common Destiny

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1 Mediterranean-Mare Nostrum Nature and Culture Common Destiny Marine conservation Protection and Management Alain Jeudy de Grissac Marine Conservation Programme Manager June 2010 Toulon La Garde France UPM

2 Area 2.5 millions of km² Coastline 46,000 km 22 countries andterritories Territorial waters 12 nautical miles represent about 1 million of km² (40%) No concerted declaration of EEZ Two main basins: occidental and oriental Two main semi enclosed seas: Adriatic and Aegean The scientists propose 7 or 8 bio-eco regions Links to the Atlantic by the Gibraltar Straits to the Red Sea by the Suez Canal to the Black Sea by the Sea of Marmara

represent about 1 million of km² (40%) No concerted declaration of EEZ Two main basins: occidental and

3 Have we lost our Mediterranean culture? Population Tourisme Infrastructure Maritime traffic Pollution Fisheries Traditional landscapes

4 Year Population Coastal tourism M 60 M M 150 M M 175 M Infrastructure: Roads and airports along the coasts

5 Coastal tourism 175 millions of visitors in millions expected in 2025 Infrastructure: Roads and airports along the coasts

6 Maritime transport about 15% of the global traffic 70,000 vessels crossing the Gibraltar strait 17,000 the Suez Canal 55,000 the Bosphorus strait Major tanker routes in the Mediterranean (2008)

7 Fisheries about 2% of the world catches Fishing catches in the Mediterranean per area and in total for the period

8 What are we doing? Conventions, protocols and agreements Commissions International or regional organisations linking research and management Networks.

9 REGIONAL INSTRUMENTS Convention on Biological Diversity United Nations Convention for the Law of the Sea Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and the Coastal Region of the Mediterranean (Barcelona Convention, its protocols and its implementation centres) Protocol concerning Specially Protected Areas and Biological Diversity in the Mediterranean (SPA & Biodiversity Protocol) Protocol on Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM Protocol). Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans in the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and contiguous Atlantic area (ACOBAMS UNEP/CMS) General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM-FAO)

and Biological Diversity in the Mediterranean (SPA & Biodiversity Protocol) Protocol on Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM Protocol).

10 Specially Protected Areas and Biodiversity Protocol (RAC/SPA) - Species Action Plans (marine turtles, marine mammals, marine vegetation, marine birds, Mediterranean monk seal, etc.) - Network of Specially protected areas (SPA) and of SPA of Mediterranean Interest (SPAMI) that can concern areas beyond national jurisdiction - Strategic Action Programme for Biodiversity (SAP BIO) and the Mediterranean Initiative for Taxonomy - Coastal Areas Management Plan (CAMP) developed by the RAC/SPA

) - Network of Specially protected areas (SPA) and of SPA of Mediterranean Interest (SPAMI) that can concern areas beyond

11 Protocol on Integrated Coastal Zone Management (PAP/RAC) ICZM is a continuous, proactive and adaptive process of resource management for sustainable development in coastal areas. Coastal Areas Management Plans (CAMP) prepared for 13 countries, 2 under development and 2 planned. A CAMP is oriented at the implementation of practical coastal management projects in selected Mediterranean coastal areas, applying Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) as a major tool

Coastal Areas Management Plans (CAMP) prepared for 13 countries, 2 under development and 2 planned.

12 General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM FAO) Consisting of 23 Member countries along with the European Community Membership is open to both Mediterranean coastal states and regional economic organizations as well as to United Nations member states whose vessels engage in fishing in Mediterranean waters. Objectives are to promote the development, conservation, rational management and best utilization of living marine resources, as well as the sustainable development of aquaculture in the Mediterranean, Black Sea and connecting waters

whose vessels engage in fishing in Mediterranean waters.

13 Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans in the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and contiguous Atlantic area (ACOBAMS UNEP/CMS) ACCOBAMS is a cooperative tool for the conservation of marine biodiversity in the Mediterranean and Black Seas and its purpose is to reduce threats to cetaceans in Mediterranean and Black Sea waters and improve our knowledge of these animals. The ACCOBAMS agreement is the result of coordination of efforts between 4 conventions: - the Barcelona convention for the protection of the marine environment and the coastal regions of the Mediterranean - the Bucharest convention on the protection of the Black Sea against pollution - the Bern convention relative to the conservation of European wildlife and natural habitats - the Bonn convention relative to the conservation of migratory species of wild animals

The ACCOBAMS agreement is the result of coordination of efforts between 4 conventions: - the Barcelona convention for the protection of the marine environment and the coastal regions of the

14 CIESM The Commission includes 23 Member States, 6 committees, various task forces Supports a network of several thousand marine researchers, applying the latest scientific tools to better understand, monitor and protect a fast-changing, highly impacted Mediterranean Sea. Integrates a broad spectrum of marine disciplines, encompassing geo-physical, chemical and biological processes, along with high-resolution mapping of the sea-bottom Tracks and analyses changes at the scale of the whole Basin, from the impact of global warming on sea-level and water masses to changes in marine biodiversity; from morphological changes in coastlines to the accumulation of trace metals in marine food chains.

Integrates a broad spectrum of marine disciplines, encompassing geo-physical, chemical and biological processes, along with high-resolution mapping of the sea-bottom Tracks

15 RAMSAR and ASPIM protected wetlands

16 What is doing IUCN? Open partnership with all organisations Marine Protected Areas Marine Managed Areas Species Red Lists Maritime traffic Governance Aquaculture and fisheries Local communities participation

17 What is IUCN? Created in 1948 World 1,076 member organizations 83 States 110 governments agencies > 800 NGOs 1,000 staff 10,000 Commission members About 5,000 individuals in partner organizations Many Experts who are not members of Commissions Mediterranean 185 member organizations 8 national committees 20 projects 20 permanent staffs Permanent observer to the Barcelona Convention MoU with major Mediterranean organisations Official Observer of the UN General Assembly

Commission members About 5,000 individuals in partner organizations Many Experts who are not members of Commissions

18 IUCN On governance - providing support to countries for improvement of the legislation, capacity enhancement for institution and associations - preparing guidelines on aquaculture and maritime traffic - setting up group of experts for management of the areas beyond national jurisdiction On species - species red lists at the country and regional level - introduced and invasive species - monitoring and management On marine and coastal protected areas - Traditional approach: with identification, selection, creation and management of protected areas by providing national support (Lebanon, Morocco & Libya) - Innovative approach: promotion of conservation & management areas within the framework of integrated coastal zone management, based on strategic environment assessment (SEA) and environmental impact assessment (EIA)

monitoring and management On marine and coastal protected areas - Traditional approach: with identification, selection, creation and management of protected areas by providing national support

19 Initiatives - The Med-RAS initiative is presently considering a representative network considering areas and species. - The North Africa initiative support countries for legislation, institution and capacity building - The Alboran sea management initiative regrouping partners from Spain, Morocco and Algeria to consider this area for common management including the territorial waters and areas beyond national jurisdiction

- The North Africa initiative support countries for legislation, institution and capacity building - The

20 Have we lost our Mediterranean nature? Ecosystems Species Seascapes

21 High seas and deep seas conservation Multiple initiatives for declaring canyons as conservation areas No fishing areas for the whole Mediterranean under 1000m depth declared by GFCM / FAO Cheminée hydrothermale Seamounts under consideration as SPAMI by the Barcelona Convention Specially protected Areas and Biodiversity protocol Corail d eau froide

22 Identifying Priority Representative Areas and Species in the Mediterranean Sea to Conserve: Med-RAS Objective: define science-based criteria to identify and map important ecological and biodiversity areas to be protected and managed within a coherent and representative network of Mediterranean MPAs.

23 Status of species the Mediterranean

24 Sharks and rays 71 species assessed, 30 (42%) endangered, 18 (26%) Data Deficient Cetaceans 12 taxa assessed 8 (60%) endangered

25 What now and in the future? Do we have a chance? Partnerships for management Networks ICZM Marine management Marine Governance Mediterranean High Sea Protocol

26 100 Observation Prediction 10 % of the world ocean Year Wood, L. J. (2007)

27 100 Observation Prediction % of the ocean protected CDB: 10% of EEZs by 2010 Expected completion by Year Wood, L. J. (2007)

28 CMP: 30% of the world ocean by 2012 CMP: 20% of the world ocean by % of the world ocean by 2010 CDB: 10% of EEZs by 2010 Observation Prediction % 0f the world ocean Expected date of completion Year

29 Strengths of the region for the marine environment -Strong coordination and cooperation mechanisms exist between all global, regional and national administrations, institutions, universities, researchers and NGOs. - Conference of Parties of different conventions and agreements - Links between conventions and agreements - Involvement of international and national NGOs - Transfer of know how, technology and capacity enhancement between countries - Important role of the European Union as a partner and supporting collaboration programmes and projects concerning all Mediterranean countries

30 Thank you

Establishing large-scale trans-boundaries MPA networks: the OSPAR example in North-East Atlantic

Establishing large-scale trans-boundaries MPA networks: the OSPAR example in North-East Atlantic Introduction A pledge to establish a representative network of marine and coastal protected areas by 2012