HENVI SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPE PLANNING. Maija Rautamäki Professor of landscape architecture Landscape planning, protection and management

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1 HENVI SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPE PLANNING Maija Rautamäki Professor of landscape architecture Landscape planning, protection and management

2 The concept of landscape? PERCEPTION OF LANDSCAPE

3 European Landscape Convention (ETS no. 176) a. "Landscape" means an area, as perceived by people, whose character is the result of the action and interaction of natural and/or human factors; b...authorities. c... d. significant or characteristic features of a landscape, justified by its heritage value derived from its natural configuration and/or from human activity; e. "Landscape management" means action, from a perspective of sustainable development, to ensure the regular upkeep of a landscape, so as to guide and harmonise changes which are brought about by social, economic and environmental processes; f. "Landscape planning" means strong forward-looking action to enhance, restore or create landscapes.

4 The significance of Landscape (EU La Convention)

5 Concerned to achieve sustainable development based on a balanced and harmonious relationship between social needs, economic activity and the environment

6 Landscape has an important public interest role in the cultural, ecological, environmental and social fields, and constitutes a resource favourable to economic activity and whose protection, management and planning can contribute to job creation

7 Acknowledging that the landscape is an important part of the quality of life for people everywhere: in urban areas and in the countryside, in degraded areas as well as in areas of high quality, in areas recognised as being of outstanding beauty as well as everyday areas

8 y > The nature base y > Land use 1 00 y > Buildings, cutural heritage 30 seconds? Spatial perception Natur- og kulturlandskapet i arealplanleggingen

9 Landscape analysis should be the starting point of land use planning in different scales Assessing the environmental (and cultural, social, economic) impacts of the plans is also easier with making use of a landscape analysis.

10 When analysing the landscape: Reflections about - value, values from different interests view points - context, abstract / concrete - assessment, abstract / concrete - landscape analysis as the basis for assesment and evaluation - tools from other diciplines as environmental ethics, estethics, cultural geography, cultural and art history etc. FOCUS: nature base and ecology

11 VESI ILMA MAANPEITE E L The basic elements of the Landscape structure MAA MAA bedrock MAA soil VESI water ILMA climate landcover MAANPEITE ecosystems ELOLLINEN RAKENNETTU artefacts LUONTO YMPÄRISTÖ Analysis of landscape and milieu VESI ILMA MAANPEITE ELOLLINEN LUONTO RAKENNETTU YMPÄRISTÖ Synthesis of natural and man made elements: 1. FAVOURABLE BUILDING ZONES 2. POSSIBLE BUILDING ZONES 3. RISCY BUILDING ZONES 4. UNSUITABLE FOR BUILDING

12 Bedrock the skeleton of landscape

13 Finland has the oldest, hardest and also the thickest bedrock in European Union area. At deepest 230 kilometres of solid stone under our feet.

14 The fault lines of bedrock formed valleys and steep slopes

15 The majority of towns and villages are located by the fault lines -> geotechnical problems with construction and maintenance of houses and infrastructure (Varsinais-Suomi region)

16 Rock exposure - non-renewable natural resource?

17 Rock exposure an Art exhibition?

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20 Human contribution to the art exhibition?

21 Human communication ~ 4000 years ago and today?

22 After Ice Age the land has been slowly rising and the shoreline moving 1.Supra-aquatic area (huuhtoutumaton) 2. Sub-aquatic area (huuhtoutunut) 3. Jääjärven peittämä alue 4. Area covered by Baltic Ice Lake (Numbers show the current level of the highest shore line) M.Eronen ja H.Haila, Suomen Kartasto

23 Earth, soil - the flesh of the landscape

24 The bedrock is covered by different types of soil as gravel, sand, clay, peat Their different qualities cause different impacts when the terrain is taken into different types of land use - or used as raw material

25 On a slope soft clay would collapse caused by heavy rain, traffic load or buildings The impacts can be seen directly in the hydrosystem poisonous blue algen in the lake (left)

26 Water the blood of the landscape.

27 The ground water could be the most important export product of Finland in the near future

28 Tenojoki, the Northest border river has just opened in the spring and huge ice blocks are floating downstream

29 Flooding has always been a natural part of a river s life - but man s actions in construction, agri- and silviculture etc. have caused severe problems

30 Flooding is an increasing problem also due to the global climate warming up

31 Municipal strategy for storm water management Include hydrologic study in master plans Include wetlands to city plans Include flooding areas in renovations of urban creeks and ditches COPYRIGHT Jukka Jormola, SYKE

32 Retention of the water runoff

33 Air the breathing of the landscape. Macro-climate local climate micro-climate ~ 100 x 100 km² ~ 10 x 10 km² < 1 km²

34 The climatic conditions differ in different parts of the country, continent, globe Helsinki Wien on the same April morning Condiderations also on local and micro climate level

35 INVERSION heavier cold air floats down, warmer upper layer stopping the smoke rising up above Bishops Castle Business Park UK below Torello Italy

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37 Atlanta, Georgia USA The temperature on late afternoon

38 Rakennukset aiheuttavat pyörretuulia korttelipihoille

39 Vegetation the skin, fur coat of the landscape.

40 Vegetation the outcome of all abiotic factors indispensable, invaluable.

41 LANDSCAPE IS THE ONLY ARCHIVE OF PRE-HISTORIC REMNANTS

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43 Early Stone Age (mesolithic) dwelling sites in Joutseno, by Ancylus Lake shoreline (inventory + photos Mikroliitti Oy, huom: Kuusta ei ollut vielä tuolloin Suomessa)

44 Bronze Age

45 Iron Age

46 Varsinais-Suomen maisema-alueita

47 Varsinais-Suomi Regional Landscape Character Analysis Rapakivikallio-moreenimetsäselänteiden hallitsema Kallio-moreeni-metsäselänteiden ja savikko-jokilaakojen vuorottelu Savilaaksojen hallitsema

48 Patterns of scattered housing milieu types in Varsinais-Suomi regional landscape structure

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50 A classification of suitable (green) and unsuitable (red) building zones according to the structure of landscape in outwashed (sub-aquatic) regions of Finland TRAFFIC LIGHT MAP

51 Synthesis: the favourable and unfavourable development zones

52 NOT just WHERE? But ALSO HOW?

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