National Parks in India

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Posy Alexia McCoy
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1 National Parks in India In 1969 the IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) declared a National Park to be a relatively large area with particular defining characteristics. A National Park was deemed to be a place where: 1. One or several ecosystems are not materially altered by human exploitation and occupation, where plant and animal species, geo-morphological sites and habitats are of special scientific, educative and recreative interest or which contain a natural landscape of great beauty. 1 / 9

One or several ecosystems are not materially altered by human exploitation and occupation, where plant and animal species,

2 2. The highest competent authority of the country has taken steps to prevent or eliminate as soon as possible exploitation or occupation in the whole area and to enforce effectively the respect of ecological, geomorphological or aesthetic features which have led to its establishment. 3. The visitors are allowed to enter, under special conditions, for inspirational, educative, cultural and recreative purposes. In 1971 these criteria were further expanded upon leading to more clear and defined benchmarks to evaluate a national park. These include: (i) A minimum size of 1,000 hectares within zones in which protection of nature takes precedence (ii) Statutory legal protection (iii) A budget and staff sufficient to provide sufficient effective protection 2 / 9

The visitors are allowed to enter, under special conditions, for inspirational, educative, cultural and recreative purposes.

3 (iv) Prohibition of exploitation of natural resources (including the development of dams) qualified by such activities as sport, fishing, the need for management, facilities, etc. While national parks are generally understood to be administered by national governments (hence the name), in Australia national parks are run by State Governments. This is a list of all national parks of India. India's first National Park (an IUCN category II protected area) was established in 1935 as Haile y Nat ional Park, now known as Jim Corbett National Park. By 1970, India only had five national parks. In 1972, India enacted the Wildlife Protection Act and Project Tiger to safeguard the habitats of conservation reliant species. Further federal legislation strengthening protections for wildlife was introduced in the 1980s. As of April 2007, there are 96 national parks. All national park lands encompass a combined 38, km², 1.16% of India 's total surface area. List of National Parks in India 3 / 9

This is a list of all national parks of India.

4 A total of 166 national parks have been authorized. Plans are underway to establish the remaining scheduled parks. All of India's national parks are listed below alongside their home state or territory and the date that they were established. Name State Established Area Hemis National Park Jammu and Kashmir Desert National Park Rajasthan Namdapha National Park Arunachal Pradesh Khangchendzonga National Park Sikkim Gangotri National Park Uttarakhand Sanjay National Park² Chhattisgarh Sundarban National Park West Bengal Indravati National Park Chhattisgarh Kanha National Park Madhya Pradesh Bandipur National Park Karnataka Simlipal National Park Orissa Rajaji National Park Uttarakhand ot;169"> Great Himalayan National Park Himachal Pradesh / 9

Name State Established Area Hemis National Park Jammu and Kashmir 1981 4100 Desert National Park Rajasthan 1980 3162 Namdapha National Park Arunachal Pradesh 1983 1985.

5 Palani Hills National Park Tamil Nadu Proposed Pin Valley National Park Himachal Pradesh Nagarhole National Park Karnataka Nanda Devi National Park Uttarakhand Kudremukh National Park Karnataka Satpura National Park Madhya Pradesh Panna National Park Madhya Pradesh Corbett National Park (1st N.P.) Uttarakhand 1935 Manas National Park Assam Dudhwa National Park Uttar Pradesh Mouling National Park Arunachal Pradesh Govind Pashu Vihar Uttarakhand Kaziranga National Park Assam Sanjay National Park² Madhya Pradesh Bandhavgarh National Park Madhya Pradesh Campbell Bay National Park Andaman and Nicobar Kishtwar National Park Jammu and Kashmir / 9

67 Corbett National Park (1st N.P.) Uttarakhand 1935 Manas National Park Assam 1990 500 Dudhwa National Park Uttar Pradesh 1977 490.

6 Ranthambore National Park Rajasthan Madhav National Park Madhya Pradesh Gugamal National Park Maharashtra Sri Venkateswara National Park Andhra Pradesh Periyar National Park Kerala Dibru-Saikhowa National Park Assam Valmiki National Park Bihar Chandoli National Park Maharashtra Pench National Park Madhya Pradesh Mount Abu Wildlife Sanctuary Rajasthan Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park (prev: Andaman Wandur National Nicobar1983 Park) Sariska National Park Rajasthan Gir National Park Gujarat Pench National Park Maharashtra Rani Jhansi Marine National Park Andaman and Nicobar Anshi National Park Karnataka Betla National Park Jharkhand Balphakram National Park Meghalaya / 9

67 Pench National Park Madhya Pradesh 1975 292.85 Mount Abu Wildlife Sanctuary Rajasthan 1960 288 Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park (prev: Andaman Wandur National Nicobar1983 Park) 281.

7 Intanki National Park Nagaland Nameri National Park Assam Kanger Ghati National Park (Kanger Valley) Chhattisgarh Rajiv Gandhi National Park(same as nagerhole) Karnataka Murlen National Park Mizoram Hazaribag National Park Jharkhand N/A Gulf of Kachchh Marine National Park Gujarat Bhitarkanika National Park Orissa Dachigam National Park Jammu and Kashmir Navegaon National Park Maharashtra Indira Gandhi National Park (prev: Annamalai Tamil Nadu National Park) Buxa Tiger Reserve West Bengal Tadoba National Park Maharashtra Galathea National Park Andaman and Nicobar Mollem National Park Goa Bannerghatta National Park Karnataka Mudumalai National Park Tamil Nadu / 9

1991 200 Hazaribag National Park Jharkhand N/A 183.89 Gulf of Kachchh Marine National Park Gujarat 1980 162.

8 Kalesar National Park Haryana Eravikulam National Park Kerala Silent Valley National Park Kerala Neora Valley National Park West Bengal Valley of Flowers National Park Uttarakhand Sanjay Gandhi National Park i.e. Borivili Maharashtra National Park, Mumbai Gorumara National Park West Bengal Orang National Park Assam Singalila National Park West Bengal Mukurthi National Park Tamil Nadu Phawngpui Blue Mountain National ParkMizoram Nokrek National Park Meghalaya Mount Harriet National Park Andaman and Nicobar Keibul Lamjao National Park Manipur Blackbuck National Park, Velavadar Gujarat Saddle Peak National Park Andaman and Nicobar Keoladeo Ghana National Park Rajasthan / 9

96 Gorumara National Park West Bengal 1994 79.45 Orang National Park Assam 1999 78.8 Singalila National Park West Bengal 1992 78.6 Mukurthi National Park Tamil Nadu 1990 78.

9 Vansda National Park Gujarat Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National ParkAndhra Pradesh Mathikettan Shola National Park Kerala Salim Ali National Park Jammu and Kashmir Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park Tamil Nadu Van Vihar National Park Madhya Pradesh Mrugavani National Park Andhra Pradesh Guindy National Park Tamil Nadu Sultanpur National Park Haryana Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National ParkAndhra Pradesh Middle Button Island National Park Andaman and Nicobar North Button Island National Park Andaman and Nicobar Sirohi National Park Manipur Fossil National Park Madhya Pradesh South Button Island National Park Andaman and Nicobar Nandankanan National Park Orissa / 9

45 Mrugavani National Park Andhra Pradesh 1994 3.6 Guindy National Park Tamil Nadu 1976 2.82 Sultanpur National Park Haryana 1989 1.43 Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National ParkAndhra Pradesh 1994 1.

Web Edition: PROVISIONAL POPULATION TOTALS. Chapter 5. Census of India 2001 Series 1, India, Paper 1 of 2001. Chapter 5

Web Edition: PROVISIONAL POPULATION TOTALS Chapter 5 Census of India 2001 Series 1, India, Paper 1 of 2001 Chapter 5 Density of Population 1 D e n s i t y o f P o p u l a t i o n One of the important indices