Perspectives on Renewable Energy Investment in Ghana

Transcription

1 Perspectives on Renewable Energy Investment in Ghana Seminar on Sustainable Energy Investment in Africa b UN City, Copenhagen, June 2014 By Wisdom Ahiataku-Togobo Director, Renewable & Alternate Energy Ministry of Energy & Petroleum, Ghana

2 Energy Consumption & CO2 Emission per Capita in Selected Countries Per Capta Consumption KOE/Cap CO2 Emmission Metric tons/capita Ghana Nigeria Kenya Senegal Benin Togo Source: South Africa India China Germany France Denmark Spain Canada USA

3 Electricity Access & Fossil Fuel Consumption Source: % Electricity Access Fussel Fuel consumption (% of Total) Combustible renewable (% of total)

4 Source: EC 2011Energy Statistics; Graph by: W.A. Togobo 2013 Total primary energy in 2011 is estimated to be 10.4Mtoe Natural gas supply rose 2009 to 6.8% Hydro -> 5.7%; Oil -> 33.3% ; Woodfuel -> 54.2%.

5 Electricity accounts for only 8.4% of final energy consumption

6 GWh 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 ANNUAL ELECTRICITY GENERATION TREND Data Source: Energy Commission. Graph by: W.A Togobo 2014 TT3PP Bui Solar1 CEL TT2PP MRP KRPP ERPP TRPP SAPP TT1PP TICO TAPCO Kpong Akosombo Annual electricity growth rate is 12%

7 Current Electricity Supply Situation Annual peak demand from electricity increased from 1,729MW in 2012 to 1,943MW in 2013 Current Forecast Demand - 1,980MW Installed generation capacity 2,846MW Available Peak Generation Capacity 1,965MW Electricity supply inadequacy due to expansion and maintenance works, erratic supply of natural gas from Nigeria and low water levels in the hydro dams. 7

8 Electricity Demand & Available Generation Capacity March 7, 2014 June 2, 2014 Source: Situation is becoming worse with decreasing level of water in the reservoir for Bui and Kpong Hydro Power Plants.

9 MINI-GRID / OFF-GRID UPPER WEST 67% UPPER EAST 51% NORTHERN 50% BRONG AHAFO 72% SENE DISTRICT ASHANTI 85% VOLTA EASTERN 73% WESTERN 70% 68% 97% GREATER CENTRAL 83% ACCRA Inadequate generation capacity to support ongoing rural electrification initiatives. Over 200 and 2000 islands and lakeside communities respectively are not likely to be connected to the national grid in the immediate future.

10 Medium Term Policy Focus for the Energy Sector Increase access to adequate, reliable and economically priced modern forms of energy supply Diversify the national energy mix including the use of environmentally friendly indigenous sources of energy Ensure efficient production, management and use of energy Promote Private Sector Participation in the energy sector 10

11 Renewable Energy Policy Objectives Increase the contribution of RE source (including hydro, solar, biomass and wind) by 10% for grid, mini grid and off-grid applications; by Reduce share of combustible renewables (woodfuel) in total energy mix to levels below 50% Use of clean cooking fuel alternatives (LPG etc) and efficient woodfuel cookstoves. Support production and use of biofuel as blend to reduce the rate of fossil fuel consumption and for biofuel export where economically feasible.

12 Renewable Energy Resource Potential Biomass accounts for 57% of total energy use in Ghana. Biomass assessment for electricity underway. High solar irradiation 4-6kWh/m²/day Feasibility study for remaining Hydro power potentials underway. High Wind power potential along coast. Data collection at 60m & 80m height underway POLICY is to increase RE contribution for power generation by 10% by 2020

13 The Renewable Energy Act 2011 (Act 832) Provides the fiscal incentives and regulatory framework to encourage private sector investment. Key Provisions includes: Feed-in-tariff Scheme Purchase Obligation Net Metering (distributed generation) Off-grid Electrification for Isolated Communities Promotion of Clean Cookstoves Research & Development Renewable Energy Fund Establishment of Renewable Energy Authority

14 Institutional Framework in Place with Clear Roles and Mandates Energy Commission: Technical regulation and licensing for RE electricity generation, transmission and distribution PURC: Economic regulation and tariffs for RE electricity Environmental Protection Agency: environmental regulation and permitting Ghana Investment Promotion Centre: Assist and facilitate private sector investments (IPPs)

15 Institutional Framework in Place with Clear Roles and Mandates Ministry of Food and Agriculture provides relevant regulations and permit for bioenergy feedstock production. National Petroleum Authority: Economic regulation and prizing for biofuel blends and exports. Ghana Revenue Authority responsible for import tax exemptions or imposition / collection of tax levies where appropriate (ie. bioenergy exports).

16 Priority Areas for Grid Connected Renewable Energy Investments Programme Feasibility study and the development of medium hydro potential sites Utility Scale Wind Park Utility Scale Biomass & W2E (Waste to Energy) Power Plants Utility Scale Solar Farms Distributed grid connected RE generation through Net-metering (solar, wind, biomass, hydro) Preliminary Target Installed Capacity by potential sites ( MW) MW MW MW 30-50MW Above programs will be financed through RE-FIT and Obligatory Purchase Schemes obtained from electricity consumer tariffs.

17 Progress Since Passage of RE Law Grid Code for utility scale RE grid interconnection Net metering Code Draft Standardized Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) Guidelines on Renewable Energy Purchase Obligation Licensing framework developed Ongoing activities Wind resource assessment in 13 potential sites at 60m and 80m height. Biomass resource assessment for power generation. Feasibility studies for three potential hydro sites with total estimated capacity of of 200MW Request to Cabinet to seek parliamentary approval for the setting up of the Renewable Energy Fund to support and sustain RE projects targeting social intervention

18 Progress Since Passage of RE Law Feed-in-Tariff for Renewable Energy gazette Solar => Ghp/Kwh, (US$0.20) Wind => 32.1Ghp/kwh (US$0.15) Hydro <10MW => Ghp/Kwh (US$0.13) Hydro (10MW -100MW) => Ghp/Kwh (US$0.11) Biomass/ (Waste to Energy) etc: Ghp/Kwh (US$0.15) 37 companies granted Provisional Wholesale Electricity Generation and Supply Licenses as at 1 April, 2014 solar PV 2,155MW wind 436MW tidal wave 1,000MW biomass 60MW waste to energy MW NB: The Provisional License does not endorse capacities requested for by proponents and the proposed sites

19 VRA 2.5MW Solar PV Plant Capacity of Plant: 2.5MW Energy production since April 2013 to Dec ,672MWh Ave. Daily Production 9,500kWh Land Size: 3.4 hectares Installed cost US$3.99/Wp LCOE US$0.2413/kWh Module cost at contract award (2012): US$1.4/Wp Current Module Cost (Dec 2013): US$0.89/Wp Gazetted Feed-in-Tariff: US$0.20/kWh

20 GRID CONNECTED SOLAR PV SYSTEM 19 solar PV plants (distributed generation) net metering Current Feed-in-Tariff: US$0.20/KWh Non Res User tariff > 600KWh/month: GHs 0.83 (US$0.33/KWh) 50kWp solar park at the Ministry of Energy for instance accounts for 12-15% energy consumption. 315 kwp at Noguchi Legon Presby Women Training Center Abokobi Valley View University, Oyibi

21 Priority Areas for Mini & Off Grid Renewable Energy Investments Programme Target by 2020 Mini Grid Renewable Energy based electrification in isolated communities Deploy Solar Home Systems (SHS) in isolated off-grid households Deploy Solar Lanterns (SL) with mobile phone charging facilities through local assembling and partial subsidy Solar electrification in off-grid public facilities (schools, clinics, security outposts) Solar Community Lighting Systems (Solar Street lights) for isolated communities Promotion of Improved Clean Cooking stoves for households and institutions. Pilot Wind & solar water pumps, Biogas, Solar crop dryers etc to support SMEs in the Agric sector communities (2MW) 50,000 SHS (5MW) 2 million lanterns (20MW) 6,000 Public facilities (1.5MW) 12,000 systems (1.5MW) 2 million stoves 100 systems

22 Off-grid Solar Electrification Application of renewable electricity excluding hydro has seen significant growth in Ghana from 0.3MWp in 2000 to 5.8MWp in 2013 Off-grid Solar PV electrification contributes about 800KW Over 41,000 off-grid systems installed in remote rural communities. Solar lanterns, solar home systems, battery charging solar vaccine refrigeration in rural health facilities, street lighting for public places and street illumination, water pumping and communication transmitters etc Fee-for-service model and Dealer Sale/Credit model with loan subsidies tested

23 Off-grid Solar Electrification Solar for off-grid application has potential to increase energy access for: Limited lighting and battery charging ICT (TV, radio, entertainment phone charging) Significant impact quality of life of rural people Mobile phone charging, music and other forms of entertainment are made possible with solar power. Solar has potential to support ICT education in remote rural schools

24 Solar Street Lights Community Solar (street) lights have reduced the risk of wild animal/reptiles (snakes) confrontation. Women take advantage of the Community solarlight for economic activities. Solar streetlight at security outpost has enhance visibility of security officials.

25 Improved Health Facilities Vaccines could now be stored. Child delivery and other emergency health cases could be attended to at night.

26 Improved Water Delivery Solar water pumps prevents drinking of contaminated water from rivers and streams. Clearly the economic benefits of Solar PV far out ways the financial cost involved.

27 Map of Installed Solar Systems

28 Conclusions Ghana is committed to the development and promotion of renewable energy. The RE Law 2011 (Act 832) presents unique opportunities for the private sector to harness the benefits of renewable energy in Ghana. Priority is to support the achievement of the SE4ALL initiatives. Huge opportunity exit for net-metering and off-grid solar application.

29 Conclusion Ghana has the right enabling environment for attracting private sector investment in sustainable energy solutions. Political stability and good governance; Strong and independent institutions; The rule of law; Free and independent press; Transparency and accountability; and A strong civil society.

30 Sustainable Energy Investment in Africa is a Challenges, In Ghana, we take up this Challenge. THANK YOU For more information, please contact: wtogobo@gmail.com, renewable@energymin.gov.gh Ministry of Energy & Petroleum, Ghana