Georgia Tech ARPA-E: Energy Internet

Transcription

1 Georgia Tech ARPA-E: Energy Internet Prosumer-Based Distributed Autonomous Cyber-Physical Architecture for Ultra-reliable Green Electricity Internetworks Santiago Grijalva Marilyn Wolf Magnus Egerstedt Shabbir Ahmed Georgia Institute of Technology IAB Meeting 01: February 13,

2 Agenda Project Concept Goals: Architecture Interoperability Grid scheduling 2

3 Emerging Grid Natural Gas Generators Nuclear Power Plants Transmission System Distributed storage Distributed wind Rooftop Solar Smart Grid functionality restores the balance Hydro power plants Distribution Substations PHEV Home Customers Energy Storage Energy Efficiency Wind Farms Solar Farms 3

4 Smart Grid Drivers What is going on? Markets Energy Government Deregulation Renewables Energy Efficiency Environmental Awareness Involvement Regulators Strategic Investment Consumer Retail Markets Choice Empowerment Information Systems Communications Core Computing Algorithms Electricity Industry Aging Workforce Reduced Investment Aging Infrastructure Power Electronics Smart Metering Storage PHEV Information Infrastructure Power Technology There are several megatrends affecting the electricity industry. Some are game changers, some are revolutions on their own 4

5 Evidence of Saturation 1. Too much data is needed for operation 2. Communication bottlenecks 3. Intractable control and optimization problems 4. Some problems can t be solved even with super-computers. 5. Events can occur due to limitations of controlling large-scale renewable energy. 6. Operators complain of too much information 7. EMS, DMS system complexity continues to grow 8. Operation manuals are thousands of pages long 9. Market guides are thousands of pages long 10. Centralized infrastructure can be a security target... Edison s Jumbo dynamo at Pearl Street Station 5

6 What are we dealing with? Smart Grid Components Electricity infrastructure (the grid) Information systems including communications, cybersecurity, etc Energy sources The consumer Specialized controls Electricity markets Policy issues Smart Grid has several interacting elements. Smart Grid solutions must be aware of these elements. Fringe components such as transportation, energy markets, and smart village components. 6

7 Desired Smart Grid Features What do we want to achieve? Smart Grid Features Self-Healing (self-healing) Consumer Empowering 21 st Century Power Quality Tolerant of Attack Variety of Generation Options Maturing Electricity Markets Optimize Assets 7

8 Consumer Needs Consumer s Electricity Needs Consumer wants: Quantity Cost Reliability Quality Efficiency Sustainability Ubiquity Differentiation Simplicity Enough electricity to meet its needs. To pay as little as possible Reliable service Frequency, voltage, power factor, balance, etc To use electricity in an efficient manner To contribute to address environmental problems Availability of power at various changing locations Options and choice To be hands-off 8

9 Project Key Concepts Domain Paradigm/Trend Key Concept Actors Consumers can also produce and store Prosumer Autonomy Consumers seek their own objectives, can be smart Autonomous Scope Devices and actors at all levels (interconnection, ISO, utility, µgrid, building, homes, appliances) can participate and help out Flatness Sources From fossil fuel to renewable Green Uncertainty Distributed energy is highly variable -> Source following Stochastic Control Need to control massive number of devices Inherit limits of centralized control Information Can control entire power infrastructure through software Increased digital control -> Cyber-physical systems Recognition of privacy and cyber-security issues Distributed Cyber-control Security Need of increased/customized reliability Ultra-reliable Prosumer-Based Distributed Autonomous Cyber-Physical Architecture for Ultra-reliable Green Electricity Internetworks 9

10 Project Objectives In this project we will demonstrate a distributed control architecture for resilient, reliable, and cost-optimizing utility systems, capable of integrating large-scale renewable energy up to 40%. 1. Consolidate and demonstrate the architecture that will allow the electricity industry to operate with characteristics similar to the internet: Distributed, Flat, Layered, Scalable 2. Develop and demonstrate in large-scale using realistic data, a distributed services cyber- infrastructure that supports prosumers interaction. This cyber-infrastructure can be understood as an Electricity Grid Operating System. 3. Develop and demonstrate in large-scale, using realistic data, a stochastic prosumer energy scheduler 10

11 Prosumers External Supply Energy Storage Local Energy Wires Load 1 Load Load n A generic model that captures basic functions (produce, consume, store, etc.) can be applied to power systems at any scale. 11

12 Prosumer Needs Consumer s Needs Producer Needs Access Cost Grid Reliability (Already discussed) Standard connection to the grid To be paid as much as possible Grid reliability Grid Operator Needs OP Framework OP Models/Info Control System OP Intelligence Operational Goals and Framework Models, Data, and Real-Time Information Control System Analytics and Decision Making Market Operator Needs MK Framework MK Models/Info MK System MK Intelligence Economic Goals, Framework, and Standards Models, Rates, Costs, Offers and Bids Market System Analytics and Decision Making 12

13 Flat Industry Interconnection ISO Utility µgrid, Building, Home 13

14 Prosumer Interactions Interactions will leverage recent developments in networked and autonomous control. 14

15 Layered Control Architecture OWNER/ OPERATOR PROSUMER AGENT Market MKT Engine System Control SC Communica9on COMM Local Control LCTRL Power Device DEV MKT- USR Interface MKT- SC Interface SC- MKT Interface SC- COM Interface COMM- SC Interface COMM- LCTRL Interface LCTRL- COM Interface LCTRL- DEV Interface DEV- LCTRL Interface Communica9on Interface Power Device Connec9on Interface 15

16 Demonstration System Prosumer Computa9onal Node Instance Es9mator, SA, Scheduler, etc. Market Market Condi9ons System Control System Condi9ons Grid Opera9ng System. CPS Condi9ons ISO/U9lity Data Communica9on Network Simulator Network Condi9ons Scenario Generator Data Organiza9on and Processing Device Local Control Power System Devices Grid Condi9ons OSI SoL Database Prosumer Grid Data Instance Simula9on Testbed Prosumer Data Instance 16

17 Smart Grid Creation Process How are we going to do it? Infrastructure Deployment Research Technology Markets Bulk Grid Microgrids Sources & Loads Sustainable Economic Development Consumers Products & Services Needs Policy 17