Smart Cities: Building a technological hive-mind or a framework for sustainable smart clusters!
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- Brianne Porter
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Smart Cities: Building a technological hive-mind or a framework for sustainable smart clusters! Sub-Theme Technologies for redefining India
2 T a b l e o f C o n t e n t s A b s t r a c t 3 I n t o d u c t i o n 4 T h r o u g h t h e L o o k i n g G l a s s? 5 T e c h n o l o g y, t h e e n a b l e r! 6 H i v e - m i n d, S m a r t C i t y w i t h a m i n d o f i t s o w n 7 T h e M a g i c Q u a d r a n t 10 R o l e o f N G O s 11 C o n c l u s i o n 1 A b s t r a c t A s I a m w r i t i n g t h i s, P r i m e M i n i s t e r M o d i i s s i g n i n g d e a l s i n F r a n c e t o i n v e s t t o t h e t u n e o f b n, t o b u i l d s m a r t c i t i e s i n o u r c o u n t r y. A s w e e m b a r k o n t h i s c h a l l e n g e, w e n e e d t o d e v e l o p a f r a m e w o r k t h a t c a n b e r e p l i c a t e d t o s c a l e b y f a c t o r i n g i n t h e c h a l l e n g e s t h a t t h e i n t e g r a t i o n o f t e c h n o l o g y, c i v i l i n f r a s t r u c t u r e a n d s u s t a i n a b l e d e v e l o p m e n t b r i n g i n. D e v e l o p i n g c i t i e s a t t h e c o s t o f n e g l e c t i n g t h e e n v i r o n m e n t i s n o t o n l y e g r e g i o u s b u t a l s o n o t s u s t a i n a b l e. A t t h e s a m e t i m e w e n e e d t o b e m o r e i n c l u s i v e a n d h a v e t o g e t a b u y - i n f r o m a l l k i n d s o f s t a k e h o l d e r s f o r t h i s m e g a p r o j e c t t o b e c o m e a m o r e re- s o u n d i n g s u c c e s s. B u t w h o a r e a l l t h e s t a k e h o l d e r s, a n d w h a t k i n d o f i m p a c t w i l l t h e y h a v e i s d i s c u s s e d i n t h e p a p e r. A G a r t n e r l i k e m a g i c q u a d r a n t w h e r e t h e c i t i e s a r e c a t e g o r i z e d b a s e d o n t h e k i n d o f I n f r a a n d t h e t y p e o f s m a r t c i t y t h e y c a n b e c o m e. W e e x p l o r e t h e m u l t i - f a c e t c h a l l e n g e s r i g h t f r o m t e c h n o l o g y ( h o w a m i x o f I O T, s m a r t p h o n e s a n d s e n s o r s c a n b e t h e u l t i m a t e s o l u t i o n ), t o t h e p o l i t i c s i n v o l v e d i n b r i n g i n g t h e b i g b u s i n e s s e s t o p o l i t i c i a n s o n - b o a r d. B u i l d i n g a s m a r t c i t y i s n o t a U t o p i a a n y m o r e a n d w i t h t h e r i g h t p l a n i t is p o s s i b l e t o b u i l d a m u l t i t u d e o f s m a r t c l u s t e r s. A s H a r v a r d s E d w a r d G l e a s e r p u t s i t, c i t i e s a r e m a n k i n d s g r e a t e s t i n v e n t i o n, a n d l e t s f r u c t i f y t h i s b y d e v e l o p i n g s u s t a i n a b l e s m a r t c i t i e s. K e y w o r d s : S M A C s t a c k, h i v e - m i n d, I o T, d r o n e s.
3 I n t r o d u c t i o n W h a t s t h e c i t y, b u t t h e p e o p l e? W i l l i a m S h a k e s p e a r e, T h e t r a g e d y o f C o r i o l a n u s T h e a b o v e q u o t e f r o m t h e l i t e r a r y g e n i u s s u m s u p t h e e v e r p r e s e n t e u p h o r i a o f m a n t o b u i l d c i t i e s. T h i s h a s b e e n g o i n g o n f o r a g e s a n d w i l l c o n t i n u e u n t i l o u r c i v i l i z a t i o n f l o u n d e r s. O u r i d e a o f a c i t y h a s m o r p h e d f r o m t h e t e c h n o l o g i c a l l y a d v a n c e d a n c i e n t c i t y o f A t l a n t i s t o t h a t f o u n d i n s c i e n c e f i c t i o n ( t h e e n t i r e p l a n e t a s one c i t y, t h i n k o f C o r u s c a n t f r o m S t a r W a r s ). W h i l e w e c a n b o a s t o f h a v i n g m a s t e r e d b u i l d i n g c i t i e s t h a t h a v e t r a n s f o r m e d i n t o g r e a t e c o n o m i c p o w e r h o u s e s a n d e m p l o y m e n t g e n e r a t o r s t h a t h a v e t r a n s f o r m e d o u r l i v e s, w e f i n d o u r s e l v e s a t t h e t h r o e s o f t e c h n o l o g y a n d e n v i r o n m e n t a l d e g r a d a t i o n. T h e r a p i d i n c r e m e n t s i n t e c h n o l o g i c a l i n n o v a t i o n s a r o u n d t h e w o r l d h a v e l e f t u s b e h i n d i n a d o p t i o n a n d u s i n g t h e m f o r o u r o w n a d v a n t a g e. T h e r e i s a n u r g e n t n e e d t o a d o p t t h e l a t e s t t e c h n o l o g i c a l e n a b l e r s i n b i g d a t a a n a l y t i c s a n d m o b i l e app p l a t f o r m s, s o t h a t o u r c o u n t r y w i t h m o r e t h a n a b i l l i o n p e o p l e w i t h m i l l i o n s e n t e r i n g t h e w o r k f o r c e e a c h y e a r, i s g e a r e d u p t o e n s u r e a n e g a l i t a r i a n e c o s y s t e m. I n d i a i s a t a n i n f l e c t i o n p o i n t a s w e m a k e t h i s t r a n s i t i o n f r o m a d e v e l o p i n g w o r l d w i t h s l o p p y i n f r a s t r u c t u r e t o a c o u n t r y t h a t p r o v i d e s w o r l d - c l a s s o p p o r t u n i t i e s t o a d e m o g r a p h i c w i t h m o r e t h a n 5 0 % i n t h e a g e b r a c k e t o f 5 t o 3 0 y e a r s. I t s a c h a l l e n g e t h a t n e e d s u r g e n t s o l u t i o n t h a t c a n b e a d d r e s s e d b y t r a n s f o r m i n g o u r c i t i e s i n t o c e n t e r s o f i n n o v a t i o n a n d c r e a t i v i t y. M i l l i o n s a r e t o m i g r a t e f r o m r e m o t e l o c a t i o n s t o t h e c i t i e s i n s e a r c h o f b e t t e r o p p o r t u n i t i e s a n d t h e r e i s a n e e d t o n o t o n l y e n s u r e t h e c i t y s c a l e s t o a c c o m m o d a t e i t s b u r g e o n i n g p o p u l a c e b u t a l s o w e h a v e t o i d e n t i f y a n d m o d e r n i z e k e y c l u s t e r s a c r o s s t h e c o u n t r y b y i m p l e m e n t i n g g o o d g o v e r n a n c e f r a m e w o r k a n d q u a s i - s m a r t c i t y a r c h i t e c t u r e s s o t h a t t h e y c a n c r e a t e e q u a l o p p o r t u n i t i e s o n p a r w i t h t h e c i t i e s l i k e D e l h i a n d M u m b a i a l o n g t h e v a r i o u s i n d u s t r i a l ( d i g i t a l ) c o r r i d o r s. T h i s w o u l d n o t o n l y e n s u r e a l l - r o u n d d e v e l o p m e n t o f t h e c o u n t r y b u t a l s o c u t d o w n t h e p o l l u t i o n l e v e l s o f t h e c i t i e s. I m p l e m e n t i n g t h e q u a s i - s m a r t c i t y a r c h i t e c t u r e a c r o s s t h e c o u n t r y w i l l a l s o e n s u r e w e a r e n o t l e f t w i t h l a r g e s w a t h e s o f u n i n h a b i t e d v i l l a g e s, w h o s e p e o p l e h a v e l e f t t o c r o w d t h e c i t i e s. W e n e e d t o e n s u r e d e v e l o p m e n t o n a n e v e n k e e l a n d n o t b u i l d i n g t o o m u c h o f i n f r a s t r u c t u r e a n d i n v e s t i n t h e r i g h t p l a c e s a n d w i t h a f f o r d a b l e t e c h n o l o g y b y o u r s i d e, i t s l e f t t o u s h o w w e c a n
4 l e v e r a g e t h e t e c h n o l o g i c a l i n n o v a t i o n a n d o p p o r t u n i t y t o b u i l d a b e t t e r c o u n t r y o n e w h e r e e v e r y c i t i z e n i s a s t a k e h o l d e r. I n s t e a d o f b u i l d i n g a t e c h n o l o g i c a l U t o p i a w e s h o u l d b u i l d c i t i e s t h a t a r e m o r e i n c l u s i v e a n d h e l p u s b r i d g e t h e e c o n o m i c g a p. T h r o u g h t h e l o o k i n g g l a s s? A n t h o n y T o w n s e n d i n h i s b o o k S m a r t C i t i e s, c a l l s S m a r t C i t i e s t h e f i r s t N e w I n d u s t r y o f t h e 1 s t c e n t u r y, a n d c a n h e b e n o t w r o n g a b o u t t h a t, a s e v e r y n a t i o n f r o m t h e B R I C S t o t h e d e v e l o p e d n a t i o n s o f t h e w o r l d a r e d r a w i n g u p p l a n s t o b u i l d c i t i e s t h a t r u n t h e m s e l v e s. B u t i s t h e r e q u i r e m e n t t h e s a m e a c r o s s c i t i e s s p r e a d a c r o s s v a r i o u s g e o g r a p h i e s. C h i c a g o a n d S e o u l m a y b e t h e e a r l i e s t t o j u m p o n t h e s m a r t c i t y b a n d w a g o n, a n d t h e i r t a k e o n b e c o m i n g t h e S m a r t C i t y o f t h e w o r l d t a k e s r o o t f r o m t h e f a c t t h a t t h e y h a v e a c h i e v e d s o m e k i n d o f e q u a n i m i t y o n v a r i o u s p a r a m e t e r s. W h e n i t c o m e s t o b u i l d a s m a r t c i t y i n I n d i a, i t s a n e n t i r e l y d i f f e r e n t b a l l g a m e a l t o g e t h e r. P i c t u r e a c i t y, w h e r e t h e r e a r e f r e q u e n t e l e c t r i c i t y c u t s d u e t o t h e i n a b i l i t y o f t h e e l e c t r i c i t y d e p a r t m e n t t o c u t d o w n o n p i l f e r a g e a n d m e e t t h e a g g r e g a t e d e m a n d. C i t y w h e r e t h e i n f r a s t r u c t u r e i s b r o k e n t o i t s c o r e a n d c l e a n a i r a n d w a t e r a r e i n c r e a s i n g l y a l u x u r y r a t h e r t h a n a n a f f o r d a b l e a m e n i t y. W i t h a t r a n s p o r t s y s t e m t h a t d o e s n o t k e e p u p w i t h t h e p o p u l a t i o n a n d w i t h t h e c i t i z e n s v e n t i n g t h e i r a n g e r a t u n - a t t e n d i n g b u r e a u c r a t s, t h i s i s t h e p i c t u r e o f any c i t y i n o u r c o u n t r y. A n d i f w e s e t t o m a k e s u c h a c i t y s m a r t, t h e w h o l e d e f i n i t i o n i s t o b e t w e a k e d a n d t o r n d o w n t o g i v e a c l e a r r o a d m a p. T h e u s e o f S m a r t C o m p u t i n g t e c h n o l o g i e s t o m a k e t h e c r i t i c a l i n f r a s t r u c t u r e c o m p o n e n t s a n d s e r v i c e s o f a c i t y whi c h i n c l u d e c i t y a d m i n i s t r a t i o n, e d u c a t i o n, h e a l t h c a r e, p u b l i c s a f e t y, r e a l e s t a t e, t r a n s p o r t a t i o n, a n d u t i l i t i e s m o r e i n t e l l i g e n t, i n t e r c o n n e c t e d, a n d e f f i c i e n t. ( F o r r e s t e r, ) A s m a r t c i t y i s b a s e d o n i n t e l l i g e n t e x c h a n g e s o f i n f o r m a t i o n t h a t f l o w b e t w e e n i t s m a n y d i f f e r e n t s u b s y s t e m s. T h i s f l o w o f i n f o r m a t i o n i s a n a l y z e d a n d t r a n s l a t e d i n t o c i t i z e n a n d c o m m e r c i a l s e r v i c e s. T h e c i t y w i l l a c t o n t h i s i n f o r m a t i o n f l o w t o m a k e i t s w i d e r e c o s y s t e m m o r e r e s o u r c e - e f f i c i e n t a n d s u s t a i n a b l e. T h e i n f o r m a t i o n e x c h a n g e i s b a s e d o n a s m a r t g o v e r n a n c e o p e r a t i n g f r a m e w o r k d e s i g n e d f o r c i t i e s s u s t a i n a b l e. ( G a r t n e r, ) P r a c t i t i o n e r s v i e w S m a r t c i t y [ r e f e r s t o ] a l o c a l e n t i t y a d i s t r i c t, c i t y, r e g i o n o r s m a l l c o u n t r y w h i c h t a k e s a h o l i s t i c a p p r o a c h t o e m p l o y [ i n g ] i n f o r m a t i o n t e c h n o l o g i e s w i t h r e a l - t i m e a n a l y s i s t h a t e n c o u r a g e s s u s t a i n a b l e e c o n o m i c d e v e l o p m e n t. ( I D C, )
5 S m a r t c i t y i n t h e I n d i a n c o n t e x t : A s e l f - s u s t a i n i n g c i t y t h a t a c t i v e l y e n g a g e s a l l t h e s t a k e h o l d e r s, p o l i c y m a k e r s, N G O s, p r i v a t e e n t e r p r i s e s a n d c i t i z e n s o n a n e v e n k e e l e n s u r i n g e v e r y o n e c o n t r i b u t e s t o s u s t a i n a b l e g r o w t h a n d d e v e l o p m e n t o f t h e r e s p e c t i v e c i t y. T h e r e i s a n e e d f o r o u r G o v e r n m e n t a n d p o l i c y m a k e r s t o n o t t o g e t c a r r i e d a w a y b y t h e c h i m e r a t h a t i s o f b u i l d i n g a n o t h e r S e o u l o r A m s t e r d a m i n I n d i a, b u t h a v e t o o n l y c o n c e n t r a t e i n b r i n g i n g a m e t h o d t o t h i s m a d n e s s b e h i n d b u i l d i n g s m a r t c i t i e s. A c o n c r e t e f r a m e w o r k t h a t o o z e s, a m o r e c o l l e c t i v e g a i n a p p r o a c h s o t h a t t h e f r i n g e c i t i z e n s, a n d t h e p e o p l e w h o w i l l m i g r a t e t o f i n d b e t t e r o p p o r t u n i t i e s a r e w e l l - e q u i p p e d t o j o i n a n d p a r t i c i p a t e i n t h e e c o n o m i c s u c c e s s r a t h e r b e c o m i n g a c o g i n t h i s g i a n t c r a n k i n g w h e e l. T e c h n o l o g y, t h e e n a b l e r! H o w m u c h e v e r a t t a i n a b l e t h e g o a l o f o u r P r i m e M i n i s t e r m a y s o u n d i n r e - m o d e l l i n g o u r c o u n t r y a n d b u i l d c i t i e s w h i c h a r e s u s t a i n a b l e, s m a r t a n d f u t u r e - r e a d y, t h e c h a l l e n g e s r e m a i n n o t o n l y i n t e r m s o f t h e e c o n o m i c f e a s i b i l i t y i n a c h i e v i n g t h i s b u t a l s o t h e a m o u n t o f t e c h n i c a l r e a d i n e s s t o e x e c u t e t h i s m e g a p r o j e c t. A n d t h i s i s o n e p r o j e c t w h e r e f a i l u r e i s n o t a n a l t e r n a t i v e, b e c a u s e i f a c i t y b u i l t w i t h a w o r l d - c l a s s i n f r a s t r u c t u r e f a i l s t o p r o v i d e s u i t a b l e e m p l o y m e n t a n d r a i s e t h e e c o n o m i c w e l l - b e i n g o f i t s c i t i z e n s, i t m i g h t w e l l e n d u p l i k e o n e o f t h o s e d y s t o p i a n c i t i e s w i t h a w i d e c h a s m b e t w e e n t h e c i t i z e n s a n d t h e m i g r a n t s. I f o n l y t h e r e w e r e a t i m e w h e n t e c h n o l o g y c a n b e s o p e r v a s i v e t h a t i t c a n, n o t o n l y h e l p b r i d g e t h e g a p b e t w e e n t h e p o l i c y m a k e r s a n d i t s c i t i z e n s b u t a l s o h e l p i n m a k i n g e v e r y o n e a s t r o n g s t a k e h o l d e r i n m a k i n g t h i s F i r s t I n d u s t r y o f t h e 1 s t c e n t u r y a r o a r i n g s u c c e s s, i t i s n o w. W i t h t h e p e n e t r a t i o n o f m o b i l e p h o n e s ( s m a r t a s t h e y a r e ) h a s h e l p e d e v e r y o n e c l e a r a c c e s s i b i l i t y t o m a n y a m e n i t i e s j u s t a t t h e c l i c k o f a b u t t o n. W i t h t h e e m e r g e n c e o f m a n y o p e n p l a t f o r m s, i t i s j u s t a m a t t e r o f o u r i m a g i n a t i o n o n h o w w e l l c a n w e p u t t h i s t o b e t t e r u s e. B u t h o w c a n t h e m i x o f s m a r t p h o n e s, a p p - e c o n o m y, I O T a n d b i g d a t a a n a l y t i c s h e l p i n b u i l d i n g a s m a r t c i t y? I f e v e r t h e r e w a s a m i l l i o n - d o l l a r q u e s t i o n a n d
6 w h i c h w o u l d p l a y a k e y r o l e i n c h a n g i n g t h e l i v e s o f m i l l i o n s o f I n d i a n s t h e n t h i s i s t h e o n e. I s o u r c o u n t r y f i n a l l y p r e p p e d u p t o t h e l e a p f r o g a n d b u i l d a t r u l y d i g i t a l c i t y t h a t c a n s u s t a i n o u r b u r g e o n i n g p o p u l a t i o n a n d a t t h e s a m e t i m e p r o v i d e o p p o r t u n i t i e s t o e v e r y o n e o n a n e q u a l m e a s u r e. T o a n s w e r t h i s a n d l o t m o r e q u e s t i o n s, l e t us s t a r t b y a s k i n g f e w b a s i c q u e s t i o n s. W h o w i l l b e t h e s t a k e h o l d e r s? W h o w i l l b e t h e p o l i c y m a k e r s a n d w h o w i l l p l a y t h e i m p l e m e n t e r s? I s P P P r e a l l y f e a s i b l e, a n d i f p r i v a t e o w n e r s h i p c a n b e m a d e % i n a n y s p e c i f i c a r e a? W h a t a r e t h e t e c h n o l o g i e s t h a t c a n b e u s e d t o b u i l d a s u s t a i n a b l e c i t y? H o w c a n w e r a l l y a r o u n d a l l t h e s t a k e h o l d e r s t o b e c o m e p a r t o f t h i s I n d u s t r y? W h o w i l l r e a p t h e b e n e f i t s a n d w h a t c a n b e t h e b e n e f i t s? H o w m u c h d i g i t a l i s d i g i t a l, f r o m a n I n d i a n p e r s p e c t i v e? O n e o f t h e m a j o r a s p e c t s o f b u i l d i n g a s m a r t c i t y, i s b y t h i n k i n g o f b u i l d i n g a b u s i n e s s. I t s h o u l d b e a s u o m o t o o r g a n i s m t h a t c a n t h r i v e o n i t s o w n, w i t h m i n i m a l i s t i n t e r v e n t i o n f r o m t h e s t a k e h o l d e r s. A t e c h n o l o g i c a l h i v e - m i n d t h a t c a n f u n c t i o n o n i t s o w n a n d t a k e d e c i s i o n s b a s e d o n t h e v a r i o u s c a s e b a s e d s c e n a r i o s. H i v e - M i n d S m a r t c i t y w i t h a m i n d o f i t s o w n! I n t h e 1 st c e n t u r y w h e r e c o m m u n i c a t i n g w i t h m o b i l e p h o n e s h a s b e c o m e s e c o n d n a t u r e, a n d w h e r e c l o u d a n d b i g d a t a a r e n o m o r e b u z z w o r d s, b u t a r e b e i n g l i n k e d t o t h e s t r a t e g y o f e v e r y b u s i n e s s b i g a n d s m a l l, i t i s o n l y n a t u r a l t h a t i f a n y o f o u r c i t i e s a r e t o b e c o m e a t r u e d i g i t a l c i t y, t h e p a t h h a s t o b e l e d b y t e c h n o l o g y a n d n o t b y b u i l d i n g m o r e c i v i c i n f r a s t r u c t u r e. A s t h e m o t t o g o e s B u i l d I n f r a s t r u c t u r e a n d d e v e l o p m e n t f o l l o w s, i t i s b y u n r a v e l l i n g a s t e a d y t e c h n i c a l s m a r t c i t y a r c h i t e c t u r e c u s t o m i z e d t o t h a t p a r t i c u l a r c i t y c a n w e r e a l l y a t t a i n w h a t w e h a v e s e t t o a c h i e v e. E v e r y c i t y m u s t h a r v e s t i t s o w n d a t a c e n t e r, w h i c h c o n n e c t s t h e v a r i o u s g o v e r n m e n t o f f i c e s, N G O s, p r i v a t e e n t e r p r i s e s a n d t h e c i t i z e n s. T h e d a t a g l e a n e d f r o m t h e c i t y t r a f f i c, a l o n g w i t h r e l e v a n t d a t a f r o m t h e c i t i z e n s, f e d
7 i n t o t h e b i g d a t a a l g o r i t h m s c a n b e m a d e t o g o o d u s e i n e f f e c t i v e c o n t r o l o f t r a f f i c t h a t w i l l r e d u c e t r a f f i c c o n g e s t i o n. T h e h i v e - m i n d t h u s c r e a t e d c a n a c t a s a n e f f i c i e n t d e c i s i o n m a k e r w h i c h f e e d s d a t a t o t h e m a n y a p p s, t h a t c a n b e u s e d t o f i n d o u t t h e s h o r t e s t r o u t e t o t h e n e a r e s t h o s p i t a l i n c a s e o f m e d i c a l e m e r g e n c y. O r c a n h e l p t h e c i t i z e n s i n c a r p o o l i n g b a s e d o n t h e a v a i l a b i l i t y o f d a t a o n t h e n u m b e r o f p e o p l e i n n e e d f o r s u c h a s e r v i c e a t t h e n e a r e s t p r o x i m i t y. Social Drones Apps Data Center/Hive-Mind IoT/Sensors F i g. 1 B u i l d i n g a h i v e - m i n d B y h a r v e s t i n g a h i v e - m i n d [ F i g. 1 ] a n d t r a n s f o r m i n g i t i n t o a c a p a b l e d e c i s i o n m a k i n g e n g i n e, w e c a n s i g n i f i c a n t l y d e c r e a s e n o t o n l y t h e t r a f f i c c o n g e s t i o n b u t a l s o e r r a t i c d r i v i n g o r m a k e p e o p l e b e t t e r u s e o f p u b l i c t r a n s p o r t, b y e q u i p p i n g t h e m w i t h s u i t a b l e a p p s t h a t g i v e t h e m a c c e s s t o a l l t h e d a t a r e l e v a n t t o t h e p u b l i c t r a n s p o r t b y d i g i t i z i n g s u c h i n f o r m a t i o n a n d h e l p i n g t h e c o m m u t e r s i n u s i n g t h e p u b l i c t r a n s p o r t. S u g g e s t i o n s b a s e d o n t h e a v a i l a b i l i t y a n d a c c e s s i b i l i t y o f p u b l i c t r a n s p o r t a l o n g w i t h g o v e r n m e n t - l i c e n s e d t r a n s p o r t c a n g o a l o n g w a y i n r e d u c i n g t h e c o n g e s t i o n a n d w i l l e n c o u r a g e p e o p l e t o u s e p u b l i c t r a n s p o r t. C i t i e s e n c o m p a s s v a s t a r e a s o f g e o g r a p h i e s, w h i c h i s n e a r l y i m p o s s i b l e t o p a t r o l, b y e f f e c t i v e d e p l o y m e n t o f d r o n e s, t h e s e c u r i t y c a n b e e n s u r e d e v e n i n t h e r e m o t e s t a r e a s w h e r e i n s t a n t a v a i l a b i l i t y o f h u m a n p r e s e n c e i s n o t p o s s i b l e. D r o n e s c a r r y i n g F i r s t - a i d k i t s c a n b e m a d e a v a i l a b l e t o p e o p l e i n
8 t h e i r c l o s e s t v i c i n i t y. I o T s c a n c o m m u n i c a t e i n f o r m a t i o n t o d r o n e s a b o u t a n y i m m e d i a t e m e d i c a l e m e r g e n c y, w h i c h w i l l t h e n n o t o n l y p r o v i d e t h e m e d i c a l k i t b u t a l s o c a n a i d a s f i r s t h a n d w i t n e s s e s a s t h e y h a v e c a m e r a s e q u i p p e d t o t h e m i n c a s e o f r o a d a c c i d e n t s. T h e d a t a t h u s c o l l e c t e d c a n b e u s e d b y t h e l o c a l p o l i c e a n d h o s p i t a l a u t h o r i t i e s. F o r a l l t h i s t o h a p p e n, e a c h c i t y m u s t b u i l d a d i g i t a l r o a d m a p n o t o n l y i n i t s l i t e r a l s e n s e b u t a l s o t o s t r a t e g i c a l l y a l i g n i t s e l f t o t h e d i g i t a l r o a d m a p. W h i l e c i t i e s l i k e M u m b a i, D e l h i a n d K o l k a t a s t r i v e t o p r o v i d e b a s i c c i v i c a m e n i t i e s t o t h e g e n e r a l p u b l i c, w h a t t h e y n e e d p a r a l l e l l y i s t o b u i l d a s t r a t e g i c t e c h n o l o g i c a l i n f r a s t r u c t u r e t o s t r e n g t h e n t h e i r c i v i c i n f r a s t r u c t u r e s. H o w c a n i c o n i c p l a c e s l i k e t h e C h a n d n i C h o w k i n D e l h i, o r p l a c e s l i k e O l d c i t y i n H y d e r a b a d b e m o d e r n i z e d t o m a k e t h e m p a r t o f t h i s r e v o l u t i o n, P e o p l e h a v e e m o t i o n s l i n k e d t o f e w o f t h e i c o n i c b u i l d i n g s a n d i t w o u l d b e s u i c i d a l i f t h e g o v e r n m e n t t r i e s t o b u l l d o z e i t s w a y t o b u i l d a m e n a b l e c i v i c i n f r a s t r u c t u r e. T h e f i r s t p r i o r i t y i s t o b u i l d t h e t e c h n o l o g y, g l e a n d a t a a n d e n s u r e e v e r y o n e i s c o m f o r t a b l e a r o u n d s e n s o r s t r y i n g t o l e a r n t h e d a i l y a c t i v i t i e s o f t h e c i t i z e n s. I o T o r I n t e r n e t o f T h i n g s c a n b e r e t r o f i t t e d i n t o t h e e x i s t i n g b u i l d i n g s t o r e g u l a t e t h e u s a g e o f e l e c t r i c i t y o r c a n e v e n b e s t r a t e g i c a l l y p l a c e d t o r e d u c e t h e p i l f e r a g e o f p u b l i c c o m m o d i t i e s. S o l a r p o w e r i s a m u s t i f w e a r e t o m e e t t h e e n e r g y n e e d s o f t h e e v e r - g r o w i n g c i t y p o p u l a c e, a n d t h i s c a n o n l y b e d o n e t h r o u g h a v i a b l e p u b l i c p r i v a t e p a r t n e r s h i p. S u i t a b l e i n c e n t i v e s c a n b e p r o v i d e d t o c o m p a n i e s t h a t w i l l p r o v i d e t h e s e i n s t a l l a t i o n s a n d m a i n t e n a n c e. W h i l e i n d i v i d u a l s o l a r p o w e r g e n e r a t o r s c a n b e e n c o u r a g e d, a m o r e c i t y v i d e c o m m o n i n s t a l l a t i o n s t h a t c o m e u n d e r t h e p u r v i e w o f t h e c i t y m u n i c i p a l b o d i e s w o u l d g o a l o n g w a y i n r e g u l a t i n g t h e s e i n s t a l l a t i o n s a n d m a k e a b e t t e r u s e o f t h e g e n e r a t e d p o w e r. D e p l o y i n g t h e S M A C s t a c k [ F i g. ] w h i c h f e e d s d a t a i n t o t h e c i t y s d a t a c e n t e r s, w h i c h c a n t h e n b e m i n e d t o l e a r n m o r e t o d e - c o d e t h e d a i l y c i t y h a s s l e s l i k e t h e s u d d e n t r a f f i c s u r g e i n a n a r e a o r w h a t a r e t h e a r e a s t h a t n e e d i n c r e a s e d s u r v e i l l a n c e t o r e d u c e i n c i d e n c e o f c r i m e s.
9 F i g. S M AC S t a c k I f t h e p o l i c y m a k e r s a r e l o o k i n g t o a c h i e v e a l l t h i s, t h e y c a n n o t l e a v e b e h i n d t h e m o s t i m p o r t a n t s t a k e h o l d e r s, t h e c i t y s c i t i z e n s, t h e v e r y p e o p l e w h o a c t u a l l y i n h a b i t t h e c i t y. S m a r t a p p s e d u c a t i n g p e o p l e o n t h e o n - g o i n g i n i t i a t i v e s a n d p r o v i d i n g i n f o r m a t i o n o n t h e l o c a l i z e d a n d c u s t o m i z e d a p p s w i l l h e l p i n e n s u r i n g t h e c i t i z e n s a r e o n t h e s a m e p a g e a s t h e m. A n e f f e c t i v e f e e d b a c k s y s t e m f o r e a c h o f t h e p u b l i c s e r v i c e t h a t w i l l h e l p i n a l i g n i n g t h e g o a l s a n d m e e t i n g t h e e x p e c t a t i o n s o f t h e c i t i z e n s a n d t h e s t a k e h o l d e r s w i l l g o a l o n g w a y i n t w e a k i n g t h e s o c i a l a p p s a n d o t h e r m e d i a u s e d t o c o m m u n i c a t e w i t h t h e s t a k e h o l d e r s. S u c h a f e e d b a c k s y s t e m a l s o i n c r e a s e s t h e a c c o u n t a b i l i t y o f t h e b u r e a u c r a t i c s y s t e m.
10 T h e M a g i c Q u a d r a n t I n s p i r e d f r o m G a r t n e r s f a m o u s M a g i c Q u a d r a n t, v a r i o u s c i t i e s c a n b e d i s t r i b u t e d a c r o s s t h e f o u r q u a d r a n t s b a s e d o n v a r i o u s p a r a m e t e r s l i k e t h e q u a l i t y o f t h e g o v e r n a n c e, a g g r e g a t e R O I o f t h e c i t y, r e p u t a t i o n o f t h e l o c a l c i v i c b o d i e s a n d l e v e l o f i n v o l v e m e n t o f o t h e r s t a k e h o l d e r s t o n a m e a f e w. W h i l e o n e s h o u l d r e f r a i n f r o m p u t t i n g a n y c i t y i n a n y b r a c k e t, a s i t s h o u l d q u a l i f y i t s e l f t h r o u g h t h e f r a m e w o r k e m p l o y e d, i t g o e s w i t h o u t s a y i n g t h a t t h e C a t 1 c o m p r i s e s o f t h e 4 M e t r o s a n d t h e m a j o r c a p i t a l c i t i e s o f s t a t e s. F i g. 3 M a g i c Q u a d r a n t W h i l e t h e C a t 1, h a n d s - d o w n g o e s t o t h e 4 M e t r o s a n d o t h e r m a j o r c a p i t a l c i t i e s i n o u r c o u n t r y, a s t h e y h a v e t o b e t h e c h a n g e l e a d s a s w e e m b a r k o n t h i s h u g e t r a n s f o r m a t i o n a l j o u r n e y, t h e C a t c i t i e s a r e t h o s e t h a t h a v e g o o d g o v e r n a n c e p r a c t i c e s i n p l a c e a n d b a s e d o n t h e p i t c h f r o m t h e s t a t e g o v e r n m e n t s o n h o w t h e y e n v i s i o n i n i n v e s t i n g i n t h e s e C a t c i t i e s.
11 C a t 1 C a t C a t 3 C a t 4 A l l t h e T i e r 1 c i t i e s a l o n g w i t h a l l t h e m a j o r c a p i t a l c i t i e s o f s t a t e s C i t i e s w i t h g o o d g o v e r n a n c e p r a c t i c e s i n p l a c e T o w n s t h a t h a v e s h o w n p o t e n t i a l t o b e c o m e a h u b a n d t h a t c o n n e c t l a r g e v i l l a g e s C l u s t e r s o f v i l l a g e s i d e n t i f i e d t h r o u g h a m u l t i - g a t e d f r a m e w o r k C a t 3 c i t i e s a r e t h o s e t h a t c a n b e i d e n t i f i e d b a s e d o n t h e i r h i s t o r i c a n d t r a d e - w i s e s i g n i f i c a n c e, w h i l e t h e r e m a y b e d i f f e r e n t a s p e c t s a t c a t e g o r i z i n g t h e C a t 3 c i t i e s ; t h e s e a r e t o b e c h o s e n b a s e d o n t h e i r s t r a t e g i c i m p o r t a n c e i n b u i l d i n g a v i a b l e d i g i t a l c o r r i d o r. T h e s e c i t i e s a r e t o a c t a s a b r i d g e b e t w e e n t h e C a t 1, C a t a n d C a t 4. O n l y t h e n c a n t h e s e b e o f a n y s i g n i f i c a n c e i n s t e a d o f d e p l o y i n g t h e d i g i t a l i n f r a s t r u c t u r e a t s o m e s a t e l l i t e l o c a t i o n s. C a t 4 e n s u r e t h e l a s t - m i l e c o n n e c t i v i t y i n t h i s d i g i t a l e n d e a v o r, w h i l e m a k i n g t h e w h o l e o f o u r c o u n t r y p a r t o f t h e d i g i t a l n e t w o r k i s n e x t t o i m p o s s i b l e, t h e C a t 4 a r e n o t h i n g b u t s m a r t c l u s t e r s t h a t e n s u r e i m p o r t a n t v i l l a g e s a n d t o w n s n o t p a r t o f C a t 3 a r e n o t l e f t o u t. C a t 4 f o r m t h e m i s s i n g l i n k t o a n d c a n w e l l g o a l o n g w a y i n e n s u r i n g a t r u l y d i g i t a l I n d i a. R o l e o f N G O s T h e r o l e o f N G O s, a s a n i m p o r t a n t s t a k e h o l d e r i s o n l y e m p h a s i z e d b y l o o k i n g a t t h e v a r i o u s o t h e r f a i l e d p r o j e c t s t h a t h a v e n o t i n v o l v e d t h e m r i g h t f r o m t h e s t a r t. S t a l l i n g o f T a t a s S i n g u r N a n o p l a n t o r t h e m i n i n g o f P o s c o i n O d i s h a a r e b u t t w o g l a r i n g e x a m p l e s o f n o t i n v o l v i n g a l l t h e s t a k e h o l d e r s e a r l y. I f t h e g o v e r n m e n t a n d t h e p r i v a t e s e c t o r a r e t o m a k e t h i s m e g a p r o j e c t a g r a n d s u c c e s s, t h e y h a v e t o i n v o l v e a l l t h e N G O s, i n e a c h o f t h e a r e a i n q u e s t i o n, a s t h e y n o t o n l y b r i d g e t h e g a p i n c o m m u n i c a t i o n s b e t w e e n t h e j u n t a a n d t h e g o v e r n m e n t, b u t a l s o a r e v e r y k e e n p r o b l e m s o l v e r s g i v e n t h e i r e x p e r t i s e i n f e w o f t h e s p e c i a l t y a r e a s. A p r o p e r b e n c h m a r k o f i n d i c e s a r e t o b e c r e a t e d b a s e d o n t h e s u s t a i n a b i l i t y a n d s o c i a l i n d i c e s b y i n v o l v i n g r e l e v a n t s t a k e h o l d e r s i n e n v i r o n m e n t a l o r g a n i z a t i o n s a n d N G O s.
12 C o n c l u s i o n O u r P r i m e M i n i s t e r h a s e n v i s i o n e d o u r c o u n t r y t o j o i n t h e p a n t h e o n s o f s u p e r p o w e r s, a n d i t i s n o t p o s s i b l e u n l e s s w e m o d e r n i z e o u r h o m e s, d i g i t i z e t h e v e r y c i t i e s w e c o - h a b i t a n d n o t u n t i l w e e x e c u t e t h i s m e g a p r o j e c t, o n e o f i t s k i n d a s i t i s, f l a w l e s s l y. A s t h e c o m p l e x i t y o f b u i l d i n g a s m a r t c i t y u n w i n d s, a n d t h i s i s n o t g o i n g t o b e e a s y g i v e n t h e s o c i a l, b u r e a u c r a t i c, i n f r a s t r u c t u r a l, g e o g r a p h i c, e n v i r o n m e n t a l a n d p o l i t i c a l c h a l l e n g e s t h a t l i e a h e a d, t h i s i s f o r s u r e g o i n g t o t e s t t h e b e s t o f t h e p r o j e c t m a n a g e r s e x e c u t i o n r e p e r t o i r e. B y f i r s t b u i l d i n g t h e t e c h n o l o g y, w e a r e n o t o n l y e n h a n c i n g o u r c a p a b i l i t i e s b y g l e a n i n g i n m o r e d a t a b u t a l s o c a n e f f e c t i v e l y u t i l i z e t h e i n v e s t m e n t s i n a r e a s t h a t n e e d t h e m t h e m o s t. W e c a n e n s u r e t h e r i g h t i n f r a s t r u c t u r e a t t h e r i g h t p l a c e, w h i c h w i l l n o t o n l y h e l p u s i n c l o s i n g i n t h e i n f r a s t r u c t u r a l c h a s m b u t a l s o c r e a t e e m p l o y m e n t a n d t h u s b r i d g e t h e e c o n o m i c g a p. Let u s b u i l d ( s m a r t ) c i t i e s t h a t p r o v i d e u s t h e j o i e d e v i v r e a n d n o t t h a t c h o k e u s t o l i v e i n d o o r s. R e f e r e n c e s : 1. h t t p s : / / e n. w i k i p e d i a. o r g / w i k i / D e m o g r a p h i c s _ o f _ I n d i a. S m a r t C i t i e s : B i g D a t a, C i v i c H a c k e r s a n d t h e Q u e s t f o r N e w U t o p i a b y T o w n s e n d, A n t h o n y 3. T o w a r d a f r a m e w o r k f o r S m a r t C i t i e s : A C o m p a r i s o n o f S e o u l, S a n F r a n c i s c o & A m s t e r d a m, Lee, J u n g - H o o n 4. h t t p : / / p r o j e c t - s y n d i c a t e. o r g /
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