Emil Vainio. ChemCom 2.0

Transcription

1 Rauma gas measurements Emil Vainio ChemCom February 2011

2 People involved in this work ÅA Anders Bi Brink, Patrik ikyj Yrjas and dmikko Hupa VTT Hannu Vesala and Tuula Kajolinna

3 Objectives To get validation data for CFD-modeling of furnace gases in a BFB Improve the understanding of the combustion chemistry in a BFB Improve the measurement system from the first measurement campaign

4 Outline Measurement setup Measurements in the BFB boiler Results Main gases, hydrocarbons and nitrogen species Conclusions cuso s

5 The gas sampling probe Quenching of the gas sample with N 2 4 m Air-cooled Heated center pipe Particle removal at the back end

6 Tracer gas SF 6 as tracer gas to determine the dilution ratio Strong IR absorption Easy to analyze with FTIR Does not overlap with other peaks in FTIR 2-3 ppm Chemically inert Quite thermally stable Is not present in the flue gas

7 FTIR spectrum Absorba ance Peak kfrom SF 6 Wavenumber (cm -1 )

8 Old measurement setup

9 New measurement setup

10 Determination of the dilution rate

11 New measurement setup

12 Analyzers and equipment Gas divider for quenching gas and SF 6 FTIR for the quenching probe NO/NO x analyzer chemiluminecense FTIR for second draft O2 - analyzer second draft Zirkonium oxide cell CO/CO 2 /O 2 analyzer, -IR -paramagnetic

13 Bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) boiler MW th, 118 bar, 535 C m 8.0 m 39.3 m - forest residue, peat, sludge, recycled fuels ~40 m ~8 m

14 Combustion tests Day 1 Bark Day 2 Day 3 Bark (91 % db) Bark (79 % db) Sludge (9 % db) Sludge (9 % db) REF (12 % db)

15 Second draft gas measurements

16 Gas composition in the second draft

17 In-furnace measurements

18 Measurement plan

19 Measured ports in the furnace Bark case 3R, 5R Bark+sludge case 2F, 2R, 3R, 4R, 5R, 7F Bark+sludge+REF case 2F, 2R, 3R, 4L, 4R, 5R, 7F

20 Bark+sludge+REF

21 Main gases Flue gas: O 2 H 2 O CO 2 CO in vol-% O 2 H 2 O CO 2 CO 0.8 m m O 2 H 2 O CO 2 CO 0.8 m m Tertiary air O 2 H 2O CO 2 CO 0.8 m m O 2 H 2 O CO 2 CO 0.8 m m Secondary air O 2 H 2 O CO 2 CO 0.8 m m O 2 H 2 O CO 2 CO 0.8 m O 2 H 2 O CO 2 CO 1.8 m m m

22 Main gas species Secondary air Tertiary air

23 CO and hydrocarbons in vol-% CO CH 4 C Y H X 0.8 m m CO CH 4 C Y H X 0.8 m m Tertiary air Flue gas: CO < 3 ppm CH 4 = 6 ppm CO CH 4 C Y H X 0.8 m m CO CH 4 C Y H X 0.8 m m Secondary air CO CH 4 C Y H X 0.8 m m CO CH 4 C Y H X 0.8 m 0.9 n.a. n.a. CO CH 4 C Y H X 1.8 m 0.6 n.a. n.a. 0.8 m 0.5 n.a. n.a. 1.8 m

24 CO and hydrocarbons Secondary air Tertiary air CO < 3 ppm CH 4 = 6 ppm

25 Nitrogen species Flue gas: in ppmv NO NH 3 HCN NO NH 3 HCN 78 <3 <3 NO NH 3 HCN 0.8 m 89 <15 < m 110 <15 <15 NO NH 3 HCN 0.8 m m Tertiary air NO NH 3 HCN 0.8 m < m < NO NH 3 HCN 0.8 m m NO NH 3 HCN Secondary 0.8 m air 1.8 m NO NH 3 HCN 0.8 m NO NH 3 HCN 1.8 m m m

26 Nitrogen species Secondary air Tertiary air

27 Measurement port above fuel chutes 2 m

28 Nitrogen species in 3R at 0.8m and 1.8m Probe purging 1.8 m

29 Nitrogen species in 3R at 0.8m and 1.8m 1.8 m

30 Nitrogen species in 3R at 0.8m and 1.8m 0.8 m

31 Nitrogen species in 3R at 0.8m and 1.8m 1.8 m

32 Concen ntration n (vol % %) Hydrocarbons and CO in 3R CO CH4 C2H2 C2H4 C6H6 1.8 m 1.8 m 0.8 m 18m :12:29 17:26:53 17:41:17 17:55:41 18:10:05 18:24:29

33 Reduction degree of nitrogen

34 Fuel-N conversion to NO

35 Conclusions The measurement system worked as planned NO, NH 3, and HCN were successfully determined in all the measurement ports NH 3 was the main nitrogen precursor found in the lower furnace, and concentrations up to 1000 ppmv could be observed Low fuel-n conversion in all cases Reduced carbon species measured include: CO, CH 4, C 2 H 2, C 2 H 4, and C 6 H 6 Data now ready for the modelers

36 My PhD plan Task 1: Literature survey of the combustion chemistry in biomass combustors and gas sampling techniques. In progress. Task 2: First measurement campaign: a recovery boiler. Completed in February Task 3: Treatment oftheexperimental experimental dataobtainedfromthemeasurement. the measurement. Completed. Task 4: Second measurement campaign: a fluidized bed combustor. Completed in October Task 5: Treatment of the experimental data obtained from the measurement. In progress. Task 6: Third measurement campaign? Task 7: Use oftheobtained obtained data in CFD modeling andexplaining thegas composition results by existing theoretical models. To be completed in Task 8: Writing of the thesis. To be completed in May 2013.

37 Conferences: Vainio, Emil; Brink, Anders; Vesala, Hannu; Tormonen, Kauko; Hupa, Mikko: Extractive determination of the flue gas composition in a recovery boiler, Joint Meeting of the Scandinavian-Nordic and French Sections of the Combustion Institute, November 9-10, 2009, Copenhagen, Denmark Vainio, Emil; Brink, Anders; DeMartini, Nikolai; Hupa, Mikko; Vesala, Hannu; Tormonen, Kauko; Kajolinna, Tuula: In-furnace Measurement of Sulfur and Nitrogen Species in a Recovery Boiler, International Chemical Recovery Conference, ICRC, March 29 - April 1, 2010, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA Vainio, Emil; Yrjas, Patrik; Zevenhoven, Maria; Brink, Anders; Laurén, Tor; Hupa, Mikko: The fate of chlorine, sulfur, and potassium during cocombustion of bark, sludge, and REF in a 107 MW th BFB boiler, Impacts of Fuel Quality on Power Production and the Environment, August 29 - September 3, 2010, Saariselkä, Finland Vainio, Emil; Brink, Anders; Yrjas, Patrik; Hupa, Mikko; Kajolinna, Tuula; Vesala, Hannu: In-furnace measurements of gaseous species in a 107 MW th BFB boiler, 9 th European Conference on Industrial Furnaces and Boilers, INFUB9, April 2011, Estoril, Portugal

38 Publications: Vainio, Emil; Brink, Anders; DeMartini, Nikolai; Hupa, Mikko; Vesala, Hannu; Tormonen, Kauko; Kajolinna, Tuula: In-furnace Measurement of Sulphur and Nitrogen Species in a Recovery Boiler, Journal of Pulp & Paper Canada (JPPS), accepted for publication Vainio, Emil; Yrjas, Patrik; Zevenhoven, Maria; Brink, Anders; Laurén, Tor; Hupa, Mikko: The fate of chlorine, sulfur, and potassium during co-combustion of bark, sludge, and REF in a 107 MW th BFB boiler, Fuel Processing Technology, in revision

39 Appendix

40 Bark case

41 Bark+sludge case

42 Bark+sludge case