Prof. Sam Bowne,City College San Francisco Website: samsclass.info,

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1 Lab 6: Backup, Restore, and Recovery, Digital Media Files, Monitoring RAM Use with Task Manager, WasteMemory Python Script, Monitoring RAM Use with Resource Monitor With Permission an d Copyrights The tasks adopted from CNIT 345: Windows 7 Tech Support, Course by Prof. Sam Bowne at City College San Francisco, USA, with ethical permission and copyrights policy mentioned underneath Prof. Sam Bowne,City College San Francisco Website: samsclass.info, Policy Regarding Use of Materials Anyone is free to use the Powerpoint presentations, lecture notes, and projects I put on these Web pages any way you want to. I am happy to help people learn or teach about computer networking. If you find errors in the materials, especially the projects, please let me know via to sbowne@ccsf.edu. I am constantly revising the projects, but I never manage to get all the errors out and keep up with all the changes. Please be careful to do the hacking projects only on machines that you own, or that you are authorized to use for that purpose. Hacking into machines without permission is a crime! I don't encourage crime, and if you commit crimes, I won't be able to save you! --Sam Bowne Ethical Permission Correspondence Sam replied to you: sambowne Sam Sure samsclass.info/policy_use.htm Dec 18, 9:25 PM via Echofon In reply to tjsaifullah Tariq HI, Sam, I am an educator, I saw your efforts are awesome, Can I use your stuff to guide/teach my stundents? Dec 18, 9:24 PM via web Dr. Tariq Jamil Saifullah Khanzada Assistant Professor, CS Engineering Department, Mehran UET, Jamshoro, Pakistan Office: ext-4207

2 Chapter 11 - Backup, Restore, and Recovery Topics Windows backups System Protection System Restore Editions All editions of Windows 7 include Windows Backup and can create and restore from both file backups and image backups Backing up to a network drive is only allowed with the business editions: Professional, Ultimate, and Enterprise System Protection is the same in all editions Backup "Create a System Image" in the left pane makes a one-time image backup of your system, "Set up backup" schedules backups on a periodic basis By default, both file and image backup weekly Two Kinds of Backups File Backup Backs up personal files, not programs or system files Image Backup Creates an image of your entire system drive and other drives you specify This saves the OS, installed software, settings, profiles, etc. Backup Destinations An internal hard drive It's recommended not to use another partition on the same hard drive 7 is installed on, because a disk failure will destroy the backups An external hard drive USB 2.0 or IEEE 1394 (FireWire) A shared network location Requires Win 7 Professional or better Removable media, such as writable CDs or DVDs The Backup program will prompt you to swap media as needed CNIT 345 Bowne Page 1 of 8

3 Customizing a Backup By default, everything in all user profiles and libraries are backed up And an image of the system drive So the easiest way to add folders to the backup is to add them to a library Creating a System Image Backup A complete image of the system partition, and any others you specify Allows complete recovery from a disaster, such as a nasty malware infection Images after the first one only include incremental changes, so they are faster and smaller Network backups to the same location replace the old backup! It's safer to choose a different network folder for each backup. Restoring Files In "Backup and Restore", click "Restore My Files" You can search through the backup to find the files you want Restoring a System Image Boot from Win 7 install DVD, or a System Repair Disc you made during the backup process Select a system image from the list and start the restore You can restore a whole system from an image on a USB hard drive in 20 minutes You can also restore to a different computer to make a clone machine Warning About Documents Restoring a system image will also replace all your documents with old versions Including s, IE Favorites, desktop, etc. BACK UP YOUR DOCUMENTS FIRST! Restoring to Different Hardware The target system must have as many hard drives as the original system They must be at least as large, even if the first system was not full It's OK if the drives use different controllers: SCSI, PATA (IDE), or SATA. Different expansion cards, such as graphics cards, are OK too Manage Space In "Backup and Restore", click "Manage Space" Manage Backup Files This tool is the best place to control backup files CNIT 345 Bowne Page 2 of 8

4 Viewing Backup Files Backup folders will appear empty in Explorer, because only the System account has permission to read them Viewing Backup Files File backups are stored as normal Zip files They can be opened on any system, not just Windows 7 To see them, you must give yourself NTFS permissions System Protection System Protection uses these features System Restore Takes snapshots of local storage volumes Now includes both system and data files Shadow Copy Service Can copy files even while they are in use Previous Versions Used to recover old versions of files Restore Points Win 7 creates a restore point every 7 days by default XP and Vista did it every day CNIT 345 Bowne Page 3 of 8

5 When Restore Points Are Created An application is installed with a compatible Vista or Win 7 installer Windows Updates System Restore is performed A Restore Point is made first so the System Restore can be reversed Windows Backup A Restore Point is created as part of the backup process System Restore Options Start, right-click Computer, Properties Advanced System Settings By default, it only monitors the system drive Restore Settings Click Configure Choose whether to monitor system settings or just files "System Settings" includes the Registry and many other system file types Disk Space By default, System Protection uses 5% of the volume or 10 GB, whichever is less (for volumes 64 GB or larger) On small volumes (less than 64 GB) it uses 3% or 300 MB, whichever is larger System Restore Files In C:\System Volume Information You can't open this folder, or even take ownership of it It's only intended for System access CNIT 345 Bowne Page 4 of 8

6 Win XP and Restore Points A Win 7 / Win XP dual-boot machine will have a problem Booting into XP will erase all Win 7 restore points This is caused by an incompatibility with NTFS journal versions I don't know any way to prevent this Link Ch 11a Rolling Back with System Restore Useful when A newly installed program conflicts with software or drivers on your system Updated drivers cause problems Performance or stability problems appear for no apparent reason System Restore can NOT save you from viruses or other malware You need real antirvirus software How to Use System Restore Start, RESTORE, "Restore your computer to an earlier time" "Open System Restore", Next Choose a Restore Point The restore process cannot be interrupted The restore process is reversible System Restore Do's and Don'ts Newly created user accounts will stop working System Restore does not uninstall programs, but it deletes most program files, leaving some junk behind Changes made in the Windows Recovery Environment (booting from the install DVD) are not monitored A System Restore can be performed in Safe Mode, but such a restore cannot be undone Ch 12: Playing and Organizing Digital Media Files Editions Windows Media Player 12 is included in all versions of Windows 7 But the decoder needed for playing DVDs is not included in Starter or Home Basic You need to upgrade to Home Premium (see link Ch 12a) "Home Basic" is an obscure version not sold in the USA File Formats and Codecs Container formats define the way data is stored Codecs are used to compress and decompress the data To play a file, you need a supported container format and also the required codec Supported File Formats Windows Media Player 12 has built-in support for many popular audio and video formats including 3GP, AAC, AVCHD, MPEG-4, WMV, and WMA. It also supports most AVI, DivX, MOV, and Xvid files. This includes unprotected music from itunes (AAC) Link Ch 12b Adding and Updating Codecs Windows Media Player includes some codecs, including DivX and Xvid, but not all of them You can download and install codecs from third-party sources, but they are risky They can cause crashes, or even contain malware Set a Restore Point before using third-party codecs CNIT 345 Bowne Page 5 of 8

7 Advanced System Format (ASF) A container format Can contain audio, video, or both Windows Media Audio (.wma) ASF file compressed with WMA codec Windows Media Video (.wmv) ASF file compressed with WMV codec ASF file (.asf) Uses the ASF wrapper but has some other codec Windows Media Metafiles XML files containing plain text Redirect Windows Media Player to streaming media on Web servers Filename extensions end in X.asx,.wax,.wvx,.wmx Example WAX File From npr.org (link Ch 12c) AVI and MOV AVI and MOV are container formats used for video (with or without audio) Audio Video Interweave (AVI) is from Microsoft QuickTime (MOV) is from Apple Windows Media Player support for MOV is incomplete You may need Apple's QuickTime Player MPEG Moving Pictures Experts Group (MPEG) An open standard MP3 audio format--widely used and supported by almost every system (.mp3) MPEG-2 videos are DVD quality.mpeg,.mpg,.mpv,.m2v MPEG MPEG-4 audio Also called AAC (Advanced Audio Encoding) Higher quality and smaller sizes than MP3 Default format for ipod, iphone, itunes Windows Media Player can play.m4a files But.m4p files are DRM-protected and can only be played with an authorized copy of itunes software CNIT 345 Bowne Page 6 of 8

8 Recorded TV Microsoft Digital Video Recording.dvr-ms Used by older versions of Windows Media Center Windows TV.wtv New format for recording TV with Windows 7's Windows Media Player TV recording requires a TV Tuner CD Audio If you open a music CD in Windows Explorer, you see each track listed as a CD Audio File, with a.cda extension These are not really files They cannot be copied to the Windows file system Windows Media Player Plays sound and video from local storage devices, including CD, DVD, hard disk, and flash drives Stream the output across a network Rip tracks from audio CDs to hard disk files Create custom CDs and DVDs Download songs to a portable music player, but not to a Zune or ipod Using Windows Media Player Straightforward--we'll skip pages CNIT 345 Bowne Page 7 of 8

9 Ripping CDs Ripping is copying music tracks from an audio CD to a hard disk file The copies are unrestricted--no DRM! You can play them anywhere, make more copies, etc. Insert a CD, and in Windows Media Player, click "Rip CD" Ripped files go to your Music folder Compressing Music Uncompressed music is huge--500 MB for an hour of music Lossy compression degrades audio quality This is the most popular choice Usually the lost quality is not noticeable Audio Format and Bit Rate MP3 - most freedom, plays on almost every device Windows Media Audio - default Fixed bit rate is default setting Variable bit rate improves quality for the same file size, but might not play in older players Windows Media Lossless Smaller than WAV WAV (Lossless) Uncompressed, huge files, easy to play on any device This is essentially what raw music.cda tracks are Windows Media Audio Pro Intended for phones Skip pages Digital Rights Management Files are encrypted to prevent copying You can purchase DRM-Free files from itunes and other retailers You can also use pirate tools to remove DRM from files That can be a serious offense under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act--fine is $750 per song per copy! Last modified CNIT 345 Bowne Page 8 of 8

10 Project 5: Monitoring RAM Use with Task Manager 10 Points Choosing a Computer to Use 1. This project should be harmless to do on any Windows 7 computer. 2. Log onto any Windows 7 machine with an account that has Administrator privileges. Installing ActivePython 3. We ll use a simple Python application just to see how it uses RAM. Python isn t installed on Windows by default, so we ll use ActivePython. 4. Open a browser and go to activestate.com/activepython 5. Click the DOWNLOAD NOW button to get ActivePython 2.6, as shown to the right on this page. Save the installer file. 6. Run the installer and install the software with the default options. Downloading the WasteMemory.py Script 7. Open a browser and go to samsclass.info 8. Click the CNIT 345 link. On the next page, click the Projects link. 9. On the "Proj 5" line, point to the "WasteMemory.Python Script" link, as shown below on this page. Right-click and save the file on your desktop. 10. The file you downloaded was a Zip archive. To extract it, on your desktop, right-click WasteMemory and click "Extract All ". In the "Extract Compressed (Zipped) Folders" box, click Extract. 11. A window appears with the WasteMemory.py file in it. Double-click the WasteMemory.py file. 12. A box pops up asking "How many MB should I waste (0 to quit):", as shown to the right on this page. CNIT 345 Bowne Page 1 of 3

11 Project 5: Monitoring RAM Use with Task Manager 10 Points Viewing Memory Usage with Task Manager 13. On your keyboard, press Shift+Ctrl+Esc. 14. Task Manager opens. Click the Applications tab. You should.see a Task named C:\Python26\python.exe as shown to the right on this page. 15. Right-click the C:\Python26\python.exe task and click "Go To Process". 16. Task manager switches to the Processes pane, and highlights the python.exe process, as shown to the right on this page. 17. Notice the "Memory (Priv " column this shows the amount of memory each process is using now. The Python process should be using approximately 3,000 K of RAM now, which means 3 MB. Using More RAM 18. Find the Python window showing the "How many MB should I waste (0 to quit):" message. Click in that window. Type 50 and then press the Enter key. 19. The Memory usage of the python.exe process should increase to approximately 52,000 K, as shown to the right on this page. Saving a Screen Image 20. Make sure the python.exe process is visible, using approximately 52,000 K of Memory. 21. Press PrintScrn to copy the whole desktop to the clipboard. 22. Click Start and type in PAINT. Click Paint. In the untitled - Paint window, click Edit, Paste. The image appears in the Paint window. 23. In the untitled - Paint window, click File, Save. Save the document with the filename Your Name Proj 5a, using a File Type of PNG or JPG. CNIT 345 Bowne Page 2 of 3

12 Project 5: Monitoring RAM Use with Task Manager 10 Points Using Task Manager's Performance Tab 24. In Task Manager, click the Performance tab. Find the Available Memory and write it down in the box below on this page. Available RAM with 50 MB Wasted: 25. Find the Python window showing the "How many MB should I waste (0 to quit):" message. Click in that window. Type 1 and then press the Enter key. 26. The Available memory shown in Task Manager should increase by approximately 50 MB immediately. Turning in your Project 27. the JPEG image to me as an attachment to an message. Send the message to: cnit.345@gmail.com with a subject line of Proj 5 From Your Name, replacing Your Name with your own first and last name. Send a Cc to yourself. Last revised CNIT 345 Bowne Page 3 of 3

13 Project 6: Monitoring RAM Use with Resource Monitor 10 Points Choosing a Computer to Use 1. This project should be harmless to do on any Windows 7 computer. 2. Log onto any Windows 7 machine with an account that has Administrator privileges. Installing ActivePython 3. You should already have ActivePython installed. If you don't, do project 5 first. Downloading the WasteMemory.py Script 4. You should already have downloaded the WasteMemory script. If you haven't, do project 5 first. 5. Double-click the WasteMemory.py file. 6. A box pops up asking "How many MB should I waste (0 to quit):", as shown to the right on this page. Viewing Memory Usage with Resource Monitor 7. Click Start. Type in RESOURCE. Find "Resource Monitor" in the results list and click it. 8. Resource Monitor opens. Click the Overview tab. Expand the Memory section by clicking the down-arrow on the right side of its line. You should.see an Image named python.exe as shown below on this page. 9. All the Memory values should be small now. Resize the column headers so you can read them. The value on the right "Private (KB)" should be about 3,000, as shown in the figure above on this page. Using More RAM 10. Find the Python window showing the "How many MB should I waste (0 to quit):" message. Click in that window. Type 50 and then press the Enter key. 11. The "Private (KB)" memory usage of the python.exe process should increase to approximately 52,000 K, as shown to on the next page. CNIT 345 Bowne Page 1 of 3

14 Project 6: Monitoring RAM Use with Resource Monitor 10 Points Saving a Screen Image 12. Make sure the python.exe process is visible, using approximately 52,000 of "Private (KB)" memory usage. 13. Press PrintScrn to copy the whole desktop to the clipboard. 14. Click Start and type in PAINT. Click Paint. In the untitled - Paint window, click Edit, Paste. The image appears in the Paint window. 15. In the untitled - Paint window, click File, Save. Save the document with the filename Your Name Proj 6a, using a File Type of PNG or JPG. Using Resource Monitor's Memory Tab 16. In Resource Monitor, click the Memory tab, as shown below on this page. Look at the bottom section with the colored bar. The right part of the bar, colored blue, shows "Standby" available memory. CNIT 345 Bowne Page 2 of 3

15 Project 6: Monitoring RAM Use with Resource Monitor 10 Points 17. Find the Python window showing the "How many MB should I waste (0 to quit):" message. Click in that window. Type 1 and then press the Enter key. 18. You should be able to see the size of the blue bar change immediately. Try going back and forth from 0 to 50 a couple of times to see how convenient this tool is, Turning in your Project 19. the JPEG image to me as an attachment to an message. Send the message to: cnit.345@gmail.com with a subject line of Proj 6 From Your Name, replacing Your Name with your own first and last name. Send a Cc to yourself. Last revised CNIT 345 Bowne Page 3 of 3