LESSON NOTES Lower Beginner S1 #1 Reviewing the Norwegian Basics

Transcription

1 LESSON NOTES Lower Beginner S1 #1 Reviewing the Norwegian Basics CONTENTS 2 Norwegian 2 English 2 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 4 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 5 Grammar 6 Cultural Insight # 1 COPYRIGHT 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

2 NORWEGIAN 1. Kjersti: Hei, jeg heter Kjersti. 2. Ole: Hei, jeg heter Ole, hyggelig. 3. Kjersti: Hyggelig å møte deg. 4. Ole: Hva gjør du her? 5. Kjersti: Jeg er på ferie. 6. Ole: Jeg er på businessreise. ENGLISH 1. Kjersti: Hi, my name is Kjersti. 2. Ole: Hi, I am Ole; nice to meet you. 3. Kjersti: Nice to meet you. 4. Ole: What are you doing here? 5. Kjersti: I am on vacation. 6. Ole: I am on a business trip. VOCABULARY Norwegian English Class NORWEGIANCLASS101.COM LOWER BEGINNER S1 #1 - REVIEWING THE NORWEGIAN BASICS 2

3 jeg I pronoun å hete to be called verb hyggelig pleasant (Nice to meet you) adjective gjøre do verb hva what adverb her here preposition du you pronoun ferie vacation noun businessreise business trip noun å være to be verb SAMPLE SENTENCES Jeg er ikke hjemme nå. "I am not at home now." Jeg liker ikke servitøren. "I don't like the waiter." Jeg kjenner ikke henne. "I don't know her." Jeg heter Arne. "My name is Arne." Heter du Olav? "Are you Olav?" Hyggelig å møte deg. "Nice to meet you." Kvinnen gjør husarbeid. "The woman does housework." Hva vil du gjøre? "What do you want to do?" Ta denne asjetten her. "Take this platter here." Her er greia jeg pratet om. "Here's the thing I was talking about." NORWEGIANCLASS101.COM LOWER BEGINNER S1 #1 - REVIEWING THE NORWEGIAN BASICS 3

4 Jeg er her. "I'm here." Hei, Hvordan har du det? "Hi, how are you?" Jeg trenger en ferie. "I need a vacation." Jeg skal på businessreise. "I am going on a business trip." Hva er klokken? "What time is it?" Er du tørst? "Are you thirsty?" VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE Since this is the first lesson, let's go over some of the words with more ambiguous meanings. hyggelig Hyggelig is an adjective, and it means "pleasant" or "nice." When we use it during a person-toperson introduction, it takes on the meaning of Hyggelig å møte deg ("Nice to meet you"), and it's a shorter, more casual way of greeting someone. Casual in Norwegian does not necessarily mean informal, although you can often think of the two as the same. That said, Norwegians tend to use casual parts of speech or phrases even in formal situations. It depends on how you want to appear to the person you are speaking to. And hyggelig gives off a slight note of indifference. å hete Å hete is a slightly tricky one since the equivalent doesn't really exist in English. The closest you get is "to be called," but there's a difference between the two. To say jeg heter only implies "my name is." On the other hand, "I am called" could also be followed by a nickname or a title. So be careful, only use jeg heter when telling someone your name. å være Å være ("to be") is an irregular verb, so is å gjøre ("to do") too. However, å være can be a bit tricky. It conjugates into er when in the present tense and var in the past tense. NORWEGIANCLASS101.COM LOWER BEGINNER S1 #1 - REVIEWING THE NORWEGIAN BASICS 4

5 1. kan du være her? "Can you stay (be) here?" 2. Jeg er her. "I am here." 3. Jeg var her. "I was here." GRAMMAR The Focus of This Lesson Is Basic Introductions. Hei, jeg heter Kjersti. Jeg er på ferie. "Hi, my name is Kjersti. I am on vacation." First off, if you followed our Absolute Beginner Series, then you might already be familiar with or remember how to introduce yourself in Norwegian. It can be as easy as simply saying your name while shaking the other person's hand, or you can elaborate on the introduction by adding words or phrases like Jeg er... ("I am..."), Jeg heter... ("I am called..."), or Mitt navn er... ("My name is..."). The common way we Norwegians introduce ourselves is simply by saying our name or using Jeg heter. Of course, adding a hei ("hi") first is always good practice. After our name, we usually add either hyggelig å møte deg ("nice to meet you"), or the shorter form, hyggelig ("pleasant"), to add a bit more courtesy. Norwegians don't always include this extra phrase; we do it when we feel comfortable and like being pleasant. 1. Hei, Kjersti. Hyggelig. "Hi, Kjersti. Pleased to meet you." 2. Hei, jeg er Ole. "Hi, I am Ole." 3. Hei, jeg heter Kjersti. Hyggelig å møte deg. "Hi, my name is Kjersti. Nice to meet you." NORWEGIANCLASS101.COM LOWER BEGINNER S1 #1 - REVIEWING THE NORWEGIAN BASICS 5

6 4. Hei, mitt navn er Ole. Hyggelig. "Hi, my name is Ole. Pleased to meet you." It's fairly easy to understand how this works, and it's best to think of them as phrases, as some of these aren't full sentences, and some words have very specific meanings applied to this context. That means you shouldn't try to break up these sentences and use some of the words or word orders in other sentences as it might end up not making any sense in another context. For example, a common greeting Hei, Kjersti, heter jeg changes the whole sentence structure from what you are used to. It's like listening to Yoda saying "Hi, Kjersti, named am I." It is perfectly OK to use this greeting, but in any other context, this would just confuse people. 1. Hei, Ole, heter jeg. "Hi, Ole, named am I." ("Hi, I am called Ole.") 2. Bussjåfør er jeg. "Bus driver am I." The first greeting is perfectly safe when introducing yourself. The latter only makes sense in one very specific context, which we would have to explain at a later stage. Otherwise, the latter sentence would only sound weird to the listener. CULTURAL INSIGHT Watch Your Tone When Speaking Norwegian It is funny how we look at formal language and informal language in Norwegian. Most foreigners tend to be very formal when speaking Norwegian in order to sound polite. However, most Norwegians speak with their feelings. That isn't to say that when we're happy we become formal, but when we're angry, we get very informal. It's partly true that Norwegian depends heavily on body language and tone when speaking. If your tone is light, your language can still be informal but sound pleasing to the listener. And if your tone is really condescending, not even the most formal language will please the listener. That's why when you speak Norwegian, don't think so much of how formal your vocabulary is; instead, think of your body language and the tone you speak in. NORWEGIANCLASS101.COM LOWER BEGINNER S1 #1 - REVIEWING THE NORWEGIAN BASICS 6

7 LESSON NOTES Lower Beginner S1 #2 Talking About Yourself in Norwegian, Part 1 CONTENTS 2 Norwegian 2 English 2 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 4 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 5 Grammar 7 Cultural Insight # 2 COPYRIGHT 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

8 NORWEGIAN 1. Kjersti: Hva driver du med? 2. Ole: Jeg er en bankinvestor. 3. Kjersti: Oi, jeg jobber som advokat, jeg. 4. Ole: Jasså, så interessant. Hva skal du på ferie? 5. Kjersti: Jeg liker å klatre, så jeg skal til Galdhøpiggen. ENGLISH 1. Kjersti: What do you do for a living? 2. Ole: I am an investor in banks. 3. Kjersti: Wow, I work as a lawyer. 4. Ole: Is that so? Interesting. What are you doing on vacation? 5. Kjersti: I like climbing, so I am going to Galdhøpiggen. VOCABULARY Norwegian English Class å klatre to climb verb som that, which, as conjunction å drive to do verb NORWEGIANCLASS101.COM LOWER BEGINNER S1 #2 - TALKING ABOUT YOURSELF IN NORWEGIAN, PART 1 2

9 investor investor noun interessant interesting adjective å jobbe to work verb bank bank noun med with conjunction advokat lawyer noun å skulle to go to, will verb SAMPLE SENTENCES Jeg klatret til toppen "I climbed to the top" Jeg liker å klatre. "I like to climb." Hvem er det som skriker? "Who is screaming?" Hvem er det som tramper på min bru? "Who stomps on my bridge?" Han er blek som et spøkelse. "He is white as a ghost." Hva driver du med? "What do you do for a living?" Han er blitt investor. "He s become an investor." Boken virket interessant. "The book seemed interesting." Det er interessant. "That's interesting." Jeg må jobbe. "I have to work." Banken var stengt. "The bank was closed." Hvilken bank er rundt hjørnet? "Which bank is that around the corner?" NORWEGIANCLASS101.COM LOWER BEGINNER S1 #2 - TALKING ABOUT YOURSELF IN NORWEGIAN, PART 1 3

10 Brødskive med hva? "A slice of bread with what?" Jeg blir med! "I'm coming with you!" Blir du med? "Are you joining?" Den med hunden på, vær så snill. "The one with the dog (on it), please." Advokaten står på bussholderplassen. "The lawyers stands at the bus stop." Hvor skal du? "Where are you going?" Skulle ikke du komme i går? "Weren t you supposed to come by yesterday?" Jeg skal besøke deg i morgen. "I ll pay you a visit tomorrow." Skal ikke du komme snart? "Aren't you coming soon?" Jeg skal avgårde i morgen. "I'm going to leave tomorrow." VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE In this lesson's vocabulary section, we are going to take a look at some of the words that didn't make the vocabulary list: namely, oi, jasså, and så. These are what we call conversation fillers. They have little value as words, but we use them to fill in gaps in a conversation. We can also use the two former ones, oi and jasså, as reactions to statements. Let's take a look at them individually. oi We commonly translate oi as "whoops" in English. However, it has a few more uses than that. We commonly use it when we are surprised by something that happened or by something that someone said. For example, we use oi when doing or seeing something done by accident, like dropping a cup on the floor. We also use oi when we are surprised by NORWEGIANCLASS101.COM LOWER BEGINNER S1 #2 - TALKING ABOUT YOURSELF IN NORWEGIAN, PART 1 4

11 something we heard, more in the sense of "wow." jasså Jasså also has a connotation of surprise. This time, however, it's more in wonder. It would be like a long "ooh." We could directly translate it as "Well then." It is common to hear people use this often as when facts come on the table during a discussion that are slightly surprising. For instance, in our dialogue, Ole says jasså because he was slightly surprised by her being a lawyer, maybe because Kjersti was wearing hiking gear. så Så is quite an ambiguous word, but it resembles perfectly the English "so" and also "then." Like in English, we mainly use så as a filler in between sentences or statements. It can also help confirm something, such as Så du liker blåbær? ("So you like blueberries?") You'll often hear these three words when talking with Norwegians. They sit right behind our tongues and pop out at every possible occasion. 1. Oi, jeg visste ikke at du var allergisk. "Oops (wow/oh), I didn't know you were allergic." 2. Jasså, det går bra med deg og? "Well, you're doing fine yourself?" 3. Så, jeg dro ikke ut likevel. "So, I didn't go out after all." GRAMMAR The Focus of This Lesson Is Using "I am" and "I + [verb]." Jeg er investor i banker. Jeg jobber som advokat, jeg. NORWEGIANCLASS101.COM LOWER BEGINNER S1 #2 - TALKING ABOUT YOURSELF IN NORWEGIAN, PART 1 5

12 "I am an investor in banks. I work as a lawyer." This lesson will also serve as a more in-depth view at the use of jeg er ("I am") and Jeg + [verb] ("I + [verb]"), which we learned in our Absolute Beginner series. To start off, we'll look at Jeg er. It might be one of the phrases you will use the most while speaking Norwegian. As in English, we use it when talking about ourselves, whether it be our situation, feelings, mood, activity, wants, or thinking. In English, we use "I am" a wee bit more often than in Norwegian. In English, you would say "I am fishing," while in Norwegian we would say jeg fisker, which could directly translate as "I fishing." When most verbs follow a pronoun in Norwegian, we don't use "to be." Instead, in Norwegian, jeg er is almost always followed by a noun, an adverb, or an adjective. The reason I say almost is that it can be followed by a verb, but how we do that is something we'll save for a later level. Let's look at some examples of how you can use jeg er. 1. Jeg er diplomat. "I am a diplomat." 2. Jeg er sliten. "I am tired." 3. Jeg er litt usikker. "I am a bit in doubt." 4. Jeg er ledig. "I am available." Now let's turn to the Jeg + [verb] construction. Here, the structure follows the same rules as jeg er. Here, we simply substitute er with the verb. 1. Jeg kjører bil. "I am driving a car." 2. Jeg skal kjøpe mat. "I am going to buy food." NORWEGIANCLASS101.COM LOWER BEGINNER S1 #2 - TALKING ABOUT YOURSELF IN NORWEGIAN, PART 1 6

13 3. Jeg har drikke. "I have something to drink." At the end of one of the sentences in our dialogue, I am sure you saw something that confused you a bit: Jeg jobber som advokat, jeg. That little jeg at the end of the sentence might throw you off a bit, but don't let it. Basically, she could say this sentence without the jeg at the end, making it Jeg jobber som advokat. And, in both cases, we would translate it as "I work as a lawyer." The reason we added the jeg at the end was to put stress on it being her, just as you would say "I" with a small pause before continuing the sentence in English. In this case, Ole didn't ask her what she did, so she wanted to stress that she was talking about herself. Don't worry too much about using it as you can do perfectly well without it. But have it in the back of your head when you encounter Norwegians, as we use it a lot. CULTURAL INSIGHT Be at One With Nature in Norway Norwegians have a very romantic relationship with nature. During the spring, most of us travel into the mountains and spend our time there in small cabins enjoying skiing or, if the snow has melted, long walks in the forests. For example, in this lesson, Kjersti said she was going to climb Galdhøpiggen, which is the highest mountain in Norway. Few Norwegians have actually climbed it, but many have either been close by or seen it from a distance. For those who climb Galdhøpiggen, the climb is cold and sometimes quite hard. It is recommended that you become well prepared before the climb and that you shouldn't climb alone due to hazardous terrain. At the top of Galdhøpiggen, you can find a cabin where you can rest and enjoy the view. NORWEGIANCLASS101.COM LOWER BEGINNER S1 #2 - TALKING ABOUT YOURSELF IN NORWEGIAN, PART 1 7

14 LESSON NOTES Lower Beginner S1 #3 Talking About Yourself in Norwegian, Part 2 CONTENTS 2 Norwegian 2 English 2 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 4 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 5 Grammar 7 Cultural Insight # 3 COPYRIGHT 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

15 NORWEGIAN 1. Ole: Hvor kommer du fra? 2. Kjersti: Jeg er fra Oslo. Og du? 3. Ole: Jeg er fra Fredrikstad, men jeg vokste opp i Oslo. 4. Kjersti: Åja, utdannet du deg ved UiO? 5. Ole: Nei, jeg gikk på BI. ENGLISH 1. Ole: Where are you from? 2. Kjersti: I am from Oslo. And you? 3. Ole: I am from Fredrikstad, but I grew up in Oslo. 4. Kjersti: Oh, is that so? Did you graduate from UiO (University of Oslo)? 5. Ole: No, I went to BI (private business university). VOCABULARY Norwegian English Class Hvor where adverb å komme to come verb fra from preposition NORWEGIANCLASS101.COM LOWER BEGINNER S1 #3 - TALKING ABOUT YOURSELF IN NORWEGIAN, PART 2 2

16 og and conjunction men but conjunction å vokse to grow verb opp up preposition å utdanne to educate (oneself) verb å gå to go, to attend verb ved at preposition i in, to preposition SAMPLE SENTENCES Hvor skal du hen? "Where are you going?" Hvor er sjefen? "Where is the boss?" Legen kom etter en time. "The doctor came after an hour." Jeg kommer hjem nå. "I'm coming home now." Kom over. "Come over." Fire stykker kom ikke. "Four people did not come." Jeg fikk et postkort fra USA. "I got a postcard from the U.S." Jeg vil ha fisk og poteter. "I want fish and potatoes." Jeg vil og bli med. "I also want to join." Jeg tar en brandy og to øl. "One brandy and two beers please." Jeg vil, men kan ikke. "I want to, but I can't." Men kan ikke du komme hit? But can t you come here? NORWEGIANCLASS101.COM LOWER BEGINNER S1 #3 - TALKING ABOUT YOURSELF IN NORWEGIAN, PART 2 3

17 Jeg liker deg men... "I like you but..." Jeg har vokst mye. "I have grown a lot." Klatre opp da! "Climb up then!" Jeg utdanner meg i sosiologi. "I am studying sociology." Jeg gikk ut i stad. "I went out earlier." Jeg bor ved butikken. "I live by the (grocery) store." Han er i bilen. "He is in the car." VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE This lesson doesn't really contain any words or phrases that are hard to translate to English. However, the conversation filler åja and the verb å utdanne deserve some attention here. åja We use åja to express recognition of something that's confirmed or to give a pondering nod to a statement. We can also use it when we hear a statement and get curious or are in slight disbelief. In that case, we swing the tone up at the last letter. It might be a bit hard to get it right at first, as we can use åja in so many situations, but as you'll see in our examples, it translates mostly as "oh, I see," "Oh!," "Okay?," or "Really?" å utdanne Å utdanne might be a bit easier to explain in this lesson's context. It directly translates as "to educate," but we can also use it in many contexts as "to study," even though in Norwegian we also have å studere. The way you switch between å utdanne and å studere is different from English "to educate" and "to study." NORWEGIANCLASS101.COM LOWER BEGINNER S1 #3 - TALKING ABOUT YOURSELF IN NORWEGIAN, PART 2 4

18 In Norwegian, we say å utdanne when we are talking about education in general, and we use å studere when we are talking about the activity of "studying." We can also use å studere to refer to the activity of "researching," and finally, when we declare a major, we also use å studere. Let's look at some examples of the two words we talked about and also throw in one with å studere. 1. Åja, så du studerer politikk? "Oh okay, so you are studying politics? 2. Jeg utdanner meg som sykepleier. "I am studying to become a nurse." 3. Hun har studert til doktorgrad. "She has studied to get a Ph.D." GRAMMAR The Focus of This Lesson Is Using Jeg Er Fra and Simple Questions. Hvor kommer du fra? Jeg er fra Oslo. "Where are you from? I am from Oslo." When meeting new people, especially if they look foreign, from a foreign country, we usually ask them where they are from. There are two common ways to ask this question and two common phrases with which to answer. Hvor er du fra? and Hvor kommer du fra? In English, these translate as "Where are you from?" and "Where do you come from?" respectively. We translated Hvor kommer du fra? in the dialogue as "Where are you from?" purely because we use them interchangeably like in English. The answer is equally as easy. Just say jeg kommer fra ("I come from") and the country or place you are from. Alternatively, you may say jeg er fra ("I am from") and the country or place NORWEGIANCLASS101.COM LOWER BEGINNER S1 #3 - TALKING ABOUT YOURSELF IN NORWEGIAN, PART 2 5

19 you come from. Like English, these two phrases get switched about frequently and both are equally as common to hear. If you want to be more precise in your answer and for example specify a city in a country, your answer would just change a bit. Just say jeg kommer fra [city] i [country]. ("I come from [city] in [country]"). Of course, we can switch kommer with er here as well. 1. Hvor kommer han fra? "Where does he come from?" 2. Han er fra Moskva i Russland. "He is from Moscow in Russia." 3. Jeg kommer fra USA. "I come from the United States." Now over to the two other questions we saw in the dialogue. First, I want to mention that in Norwegian, if you change a pronoun like jeg, du, han, hun, de, or vi, in most cases you don't need to make any other changes to the sentence. So don't be afraid of changing the pronoun in any given sentence to suit your situation. The first question we'll look at is...og du? We simply translate it as "...and you," and it is an easy way to ask the other person without repeating the question. Second, we have a yes/no question. The structure is a bit different from an English yes/no question. The question in our dialogue was Åja utdannet du deg ved UiO? ("Oh, did you graduate from UiO?") If we break down this question, it might be easier to comprehend the structure of it. First, we have the interjection åja; we don't need to bother too much with it. Following it comes the verb utdannet ("educated," or in this case, "graduated"). Then we have the pronoun du ("you"). This is followed by the indirect pronoun deg ("yourself"). And finally, we have ved UiO ("at UiO"); the preposition is best remembered with the noun in this case. All together, word for word it translates as "Oh, graduated you yourself at UiO?" In English, this doesn't make much sense. However, let's look at the base structure for this sentence. It looks like this: [verb] [pronoun/noun] ([noun/preposition + noun/adjective]). It might seem a bit hard written out like that, but it's actually quite easy. Let's look at some examples. NORWEGIANCLASS101.COM LOWER BEGINNER S1 #3 - TALKING ABOUT YOURSELF IN NORWEGIAN, PART 2 6

20 1. Kjører pappa? [verb + noun] "Is daddy driving?" 2. Skal dere på kino? [verb + pronoun + preposition + noun] "Are you (guys) going to the movies (cinema)?" 3. Liker du rosa? [verb + pronoun + adjective] "Do you like pink?" 4. Har vi melk? [verb + pronoun + noun] "Do we have milk? As you can see, the structure is quite simple and doesn't change whether it's a noun or pronoun, adjective, or preposition + noun. Also notice that the verbs we used in these examples were all in the present tense. I suggest you take a pen and a paper and try to invent as many yes/no questions as you can. Don't make them more advanced than these, however. You can really build on these questions and make them very specific by just adding words to the mixture. CULTURAL INSIGHT Is It Free to Attend a Norwegian School? When it comes to studying in Norway, there are a lot of options for majors but few universities to choose from. The major universities are publicly owned, and costs are subsidized to near nothing. Thus, studying at a university in Norway is considered free. There are a few major privately owned universities like BI, Bedriftsøkonomisk Institutt ("Norwegian Business School"). These private universities are financed by student tuition and have semester fees. The Norwegian government also provides students yearly with scholarships and loans to finance living costs and other study fees. The aim is to make university education available for all Norwegians who wish to study. NORWEGIANCLASS101.COM LOWER BEGINNER S1 #3 - TALKING ABOUT YOURSELF IN NORWEGIAN, PART 2 7

21 LESSON NOTES Lower Beginner S1 #4 Helping a Norwegian Friend CONTENTS 2 Norwegian 2 English 2 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 4 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 5 Grammar 6 Cultural Insight # 4 COPYRIGHT 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

22 NORWEGIAN 1. Kjersti: Trenger du hjelp, Lise? 2. Lise: Jeg må flytte sofaen. Kan du hjelpe meg å bære? 3. Kjersti: Ja, jeg skal hjelpe deg. Er det noe mer du trenger hjelp med? 4. Lise: Nei, bare sofaen. ENGLISH 1. Kjersti: Do you need any help, Lise? 2. Lise: I have to move the sofa. Can you help me carry it? 3. Kjersti: Yes, I'll help you. Is there anything else you need help with? 4. Lise: No, only the sofa. VOCABULARY Norwegian English Class bare only, just adverb Å trenge to need verb å hjelpe to help verb du you pronoun å flytte to move verb sofa sofa noun NORWEGIANCLASS101.COM LOWER BEGINNER S1 #4 - HELPING A NORWEGIAN FRIEND 2

23 å bære to carry verb noe something adverb mer more, else adverb å måtte have to, must verb SAMPLE SENTENCES Jeg er bare litt syk. "I am just a bit sick." Jeg har bare hundre kroner! "I only have one hundred Kroner!" Bare gå rett fremover. "Just go straight ahead." Det er bare meg. "It's only me." Vi trenger alle sollys for å overleve. "We all need sunlight to survive." Jeg trenger papir. "I need paper." Jeg trenger hjelp her. "I need some help here." Hei, Hvordan har du det? "Hi, how are you?" Han flyttet bordet. "He moved the table." Vi kjøpte en sofa. "We bought a sofa." Bærer du posen? "Can you carry the bag?" Jeg vet noe ikke du vet. "I know something you don't." Er det noe annet? "Is there something else?" Jeg vil ha mer. "I want more." NORWEGIANCLASS101.COM LOWER BEGINNER S1 #4 - HELPING A NORWEGIAN FRIEND 3

24 Jeg må på do. "I have to go to the toilet." VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE There are three words that could use some slight clarification in this lesson. The first one is mer. This word has some different meanings in English depending on the context. In our dialogue, Kjersti asks Er det noe mer? In the dialogue, we translated this as "Is there anything else?" although mer would actually translate as "more." So Kjersti is actually asking "Is there something more?" noe Noe can mean "something" or "anything" in English, depending on the context. It would translate directly as "something" as in jeg vil ha noe ("I want something"), but in our dialogue, since mer takes on the form of "else," noe would more naturally translate as "anything." å måtte This word translates as "to have to." However, when coupled with a negative like in our sample sentence, it would more correctly translate as "should not" or "have better not to." Let's look at some more examples with these. 1. Jeg vil ikke ha mer. "I don't want more." 2. Jeg vil ha noe annet. "I want something else." NORWEGIANCLASS101.COM LOWER BEGINNER S1 #4 - HELPING A NORWEGIAN FRIEND 4

25 3. Han måtte dra hjem. "He had to go home." GRAMMAR The Focus of This Lesson Is Asking "Can I Help You With Something?" and Using "Can You..." Trenger du hjelp, Lise. Kan du hjelpe meg å bære? "Do you need any help, Lise? Can you help me carry it?" Norwegians like to think of themselves as courteous and helpful, although that might not always be the case. Should you want to help improve that attitude, try to be helpful yourself. To ask whether a person needs any help, you simply ask Trenger du hjelp? ("Do you need help?") This phrase sounds a bit urgent and is better suited if someone looks like he or she really needs help. If you want to ask in a more casual tone, simply add noe after du. The sentence should now look like Trenger du noe hjelp? ("Do you need any help?") If you want to be more specific, you can add some words between hjelp and the question mark, beginning with med ("with"), and then followed by a noun or verb and noun. Let's look at some examples with this. 1. Trenger du noe hjelp med bilen? "Do you need any help with the car?" 2. Trenger du hjelp med husvaskingen? "Do you need help cleaning the house?" 3. Trenger du noe hjelp med kaninene? "Do you need any help with the rabbits?" It's not much harder than that. Now if your friend says OK and lets you help him or her, after helping it is good courtesy to ask whether he or she needs any more help. This is done as in the dialogue by asking Er det noe mer du trenger hjelp med? ("Is there anything else you need help with?") We realize this NORWEGIANCLASS101.COM LOWER BEGINNER S1 #4 - HELPING A NORWEGIAN FRIEND 5

26 is a long and heavy question, and we can shorten it dramatically for your convenience. Simply asking Er det noe mer? is enough to get the point through courteously, as we saw in the vocabulary explanation. Finally, let's look at how your friends might ask you whether you could help them. You can also use this phrase to ask someone yourself. It's quite handy. Kan du hjelpe meg? ("Can you help me?") is all you need to say if you need help. Just like asking the other way around, we can also modify this phrase to be more specific. Just add the same med ("with") and follow it up with a pronoun, noun, or verb and noun. The phrase would then look like this: Kan du hjelpe meg med...? ("Can you help me with...?") Let's look at some examples of what you can put at the end here too. 1. Kan du hjelpe meg med å vaske bilen? "Could you help me clean the car?" 2. Kan du hjelpe meg med noe? "Could you help me with something?" 3. Kan du hjelpe meg med maten? "Could you help me with the food?" CULTURAL INSIGHT How to Be Helpful in Norway While it is common courtesy to ask someone who looks like he or she is in need of help whether you can help them, in Norway. Norwegians aren't always that good at being observant and asking. However, it is very common to ask neighbors and friends even though it doesn't seem like they actually need help. This might not be so true of people living in the bigger cities, but get a short distance out on the countryside, and people become more friendly. Old ladies are especially happy when a nice person asks them whether he or she should help with carrying their shopping bags. Beware, however, that some old ladies might be suspicious of strangers and aren't that willing to part with their shopping bags. And asking every stranger you see on the street whether they need help might alienate you more than it creates warmness. That said, a nice helpful attitude always gets you a long way no matter NORWEGIANCLASS101.COM LOWER BEGINNER S1 #4 - HELPING A NORWEGIAN FRIEND 6

27 where you are. Being able to ask whether you can help someone in that person's native language is always practical. NORWEGIANCLASS101.COM LOWER BEGINNER S1 #4 - HELPING A NORWEGIAN FRIEND 7

28 LESSON NOTES Lower Beginner S1 #5 Meeting an Old Friend in Norway CONTENTS 2 Norwegian 2 English 2 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 4 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 5 Grammar 6 Cultural Insight # 5 COPYRIGHT 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

29 NORWEGIAN 1. Lars: Hei Kjersti, lenge siden sist! 2. Kjersti: Hei, Lars! Wow, ja vi har ikke sett hverandre på år. 3. Lars: Hvordan har du det? 4. Kjersti: Takk, det går bra, og med deg? Hva driver du med? 5. Lars: Det går bra med meg. Jeg har giftet meg og har to barn. ENGLISH 1. Lars: Hi Kjersti, Long time no see. 2. Kjersti: Hi Lars, Wow, yeah we haven't seen each other in years. 3. Lars: How are you? 4. Kjersti: I am doing well, thanks. And you? What are you doing? 5. Lars: I am doing fine. I am married and have two kids. VOCABULARY Norwegian English Class lenge long adjective siden since preposition sist last adverb NORWEGIANCLASS101.COM LOWER BEGINNER S1 #5 - MEETING AN OLD FRIEND IN NORWAY 2

30 å ha to have verb ikke not, don't conjunction å se to watch, to see, to look verb hverandre each other pronoun år years noun bra good adjective å gifte to marry verb barn children noun SAMPLE SENTENCES Det varte lenge. "It lasted long." Jeg har vært her siden. "I ve been here since." Siden du er så god, kan ikke du vise meg hvordan? "Since you are so good, can't you show me how?" Hvor så du henne sist? "Where did you see her last?" Har du en katt? "Do you have a cat?" Hun ville ha en dalmantiner. "She wanted to have a dalmatian." Har du noe vin? "Do you have any wine?" Jeg Skulle Gjerne hatt en hamburger med pommefrites. "I'd like a hamburger with fries." Jeg liker ikke fotball "I don't like soccer." Jeg husker ikke hva du heter. "I can't remember your name." NORWEGIANCLASS101.COM LOWER BEGINNER S1 #5 - MEETING AN OLD FRIEND IN NORWAY 3

31 Fire stykker kom ikke. "Four people did not come." Jeg kan ikke se sjampoen. "I can't see the shampoo." Kan du se meg? "Can you see me?" Vi har jo hverandre. "At least we have each other." Jeg har ikke sett deg på år! "I haven't seen you in years!" Bra du kunne komme. "Good of you to come." Jeg har det bra. "I'm good." Har du giftet deg? "Did you get married?" Barna skrur av strømmen. "The children turn off the power." VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE Some of the words here could do with some short explanations. Siden This can have two meanings in Norwegian; one is "since" as in siden vi sist møttes - "Since the last time we met." It can also mean "side" in definitive form, as in den ene siden eller den andre - "This side or the other." Wow This is a word that was not in the vocabulary but still deserves a bit of attention. Wow is not a Norwegian word, but is commonly integrated into the language. So don't be afraid of using it. We have not done too much grammar in this series, especially when it comes to introducing single and plural nouns. As a short introduction to noun plurality, let's take a look at two nouns that don't need to change even though they are in plural. År and barn won't change in the indefinite plural, which means if you say barn av verden it could mean "Children of the world" NORWEGIANCLASS101.COM LOWER BEGINNER S1 #5 - MEETING AN OLD FRIEND IN NORWAY 4

32 or simply "Child of the world." The same applies if you say flere år eller ett år which means "Several years or one year." Let's look at some more examples with the words we talked about here: 1. Se på den andre siden av gjerdet "Look at the other side of the fence" 2. Wow, er det virkelig deg? "Wow, is it really you?" 3. Jeg har to barn på to år. "I have two children of two years of age." GRAMMAR The Focus of this Lesson is Greetings That Are Common When Meeting Old Friends, and Questions and Answers Hei Kjersti, lenge siden sist! "Hi Kjersti, long time no see!" Hvordan har du det? "How are you?" This lesson's grammar point will be somewhat easy to follow. We'll first look at the most common greeting when meeting an old acquaintance. Lenge siden sist is the most common way to continue after having said Hei [name]. Lenge siden sist translates as "long time no see," although this isn't a literal translation. A literal translation would sound more like "long since last." After one says lenge siden sist, it's common to repeat the phrase as a confirmation, and then follow up with a Hvordan har du det? "How are you doing?" This phrase, too, isn't a literal translation. A literal translation would be "How have you it?" Finally the factory answer to this would be det går bra ("I am doing well"). This phrase, like the others, cannot be literally translated, a literal translation would be "it goes well," and frankly that sounds weird. Altogether, the conversation would look like this: NORWEGIANCLASS101.COM LOWER BEGINNER S1 #5 - MEETING AN OLD FRIEND IN NORWAY 5

33 A: Hei B! Lenge siden sist! B: Hei A! Jo, lenge siden sist! Hvordan har du det? A: Det går bra! og du? B: Det går bra med meg og! At the end here A is asking og du? ("And you?") and B is answering Det går bra med meg og! Notice the last part here after bra. Med meg og! means "with me as well" or "with me too." So together it forms the sentence: "I am fine as well." You might have noticed that Kjersti says takk before answering det går bra. She also uses og med deg instead of og du. This is merely a twist on the same question and directly translates as "and with you." There are a slew of other ways such a reunion could go down, so let's look at a few alternative phrases. For example: 1. Hei, lenge siden! Hvordan går det? "Hi, it's been a long time, how are you?" Lit. ("Hi, long since! How goes it?") 2. Det går bra, takk. Hvordan går det med deg? "I am fine thank you. How are you doing?" Lit. ("It goes well, thanks. How goes it with you?") 3. Hei, vi har ikke sett hverandre på lenge! "Hi, we haven't seen each other in a long time!" CULTURAL INSIGHT Greeting Friends Old and New in Norwegian Norway is a small country, with an even smaller population, of about five million people. The chance of you meeting people you know randomly on the street is very high, especially in larger cities. In smaller places it is more common to meet each other more or less once or twice a week if you live in the same place. In Oslo and Bergen however it is not always so, if you are not in regular contact. It is common to greet friends with hei, hvordan går det? even after a week without contact. When it's been half a year or a year or more is when we tend to use lenge siden sist! And who knows, you might even meet someone you know who from your home country who randomly happens to be in Norway at that time! In that case, why not NORWEGIANCLASS101.COM LOWER BEGINNER S1 #5 - MEETING AN OLD FRIEND IN NORWAY 6

34 try to greet each other in Norwegian! NORWEGIANCLASS101.COM LOWER BEGINNER S1 #5 - MEETING AN OLD FRIEND IN NORWAY 7

35 LESSON NOTES Lower Beginner S1 #6 Make Sure your Norwegian Compliments are Sincere! CONTENTS 2 Norwegian 2 English 2 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 3 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 4 Grammar 6 Cultural Insight # 6 COPYRIGHT 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

36 NORWEGIAN 1. Lars: Du ser bra ut Kjersti! Er du ofte aktiv? 2. Kjersti: Takk, jo jeg er ofte ute og jogger. Du ser godt kledt ut! 3. Lars: Jo, takk for komplementet. Jeg er på vei til en dåp. 4. Kjersti: Åja, er det ditt barn? 5. Lars: Ja. 6. Kjersti: Nei, så nydelig. ENGLISH 1. Lars: You look good, Kjersti! Do you keep yourself active? 2. Kjersti: Thanks, yeah, I'm often out running. You look well dressed! 3. Lars: Well, thanks for the compliment. I'm on my way to a baptism. 4. Kjersti: Oh, is it for your child? 5. Lars: Yes. 6. Kjersti: Oh, how nice! VOCABULARY Norwegian English Class NORW EGI ANCLAS S 101.COM LOWER BEGI NNER S 1 #6 - MAKE S URE YOUR NORWEGI AN COMPLI MENTS ARE S I NCERE! 2

37 ofte often adverb ditt your pronoun dåp baptism noun å se ut to look verb komplement compliment noun å kle to dress verb godt nicely, well adverb å jogge to run, to jog verb aktiv active adjective nydelig serene, nice adjective SAMPLE SENTENCES Kommer du hit ofte? "Do you come here often?" Hvor er huset ditt? "Where's your house?" Dåpen var i går. "The baptism was yesterday." Det ser dårlig ut. "It looks bad." Gi henne et komplement. "Give her a compliment." Vent, jeg skal kle på meg. "Wait, I'm just gonna get dressed." Kaken smakte godt. "The cake was delicious." Skal vi jogge? "Do you wanna come running?" Jeg liker å være aktiv. "I like to be active." Kjolen var nydelig. "The dress was beautiful." VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE NORW EGI ANCLAS S 101.COM LOWER BEGI NNER S 1 #6 - MAKE S URE YOUR NORWEGI AN COMPLI MENTS ARE S I NCERE! 3

38 As you can see, we have the Åja recurring again; this time it shouldn't be that hard to guess how it works in that line. She is simply a positively surprised by his answer and wonders whether it's his child. We also have two other interjections in this dialogue. The first one, jo, is simply a "yes" and doesn't need much further explanation. It's slightly more useful when confirming than ja ("yes"), which might sound a bit weird to us Norwegians. It might be hard to figure out exactly when to use jo and when to use ja at this point. But don't despair: you'll learn that quickly as you surround yourself with Norwegians. The second interjection is a bit harder to understand at first. When Lars answers "yes" (it is his child whose baptism it is), Kjersti immediately responds with a nei, which as you should know means "no." This is an exclamation of surprise and sometimes slight disbelief. It's very similar to the English "No, really?" or "Wow!" She immediately follows it up with så nydelig, which means "how sweet/precious/beautiful" or any such term of endearment. Finally, the adverb/adjective godt is a bit tricky. When one says du kler det godt, it means "it fits/suits you well," but when you say something smaker godt, it "tastes delicious." Godt as a word in itself has a wide range of uses when something is positively "nice or good." It is derived from the word "good," which in Norwegian is god. 1. Jeg likte filmen godt. "I liked the movie a lot." 2. Åja, er det deg igjen? "Oh, is it you again?" 3. Nei, så fin den var. Jo, den er fin. "Oh wow, how beautiful it is." "Yeah, it's beautiful." GRAMMAR The Focus of This Lesson Is Compliments and Positive Adjectives. Du ser bra ut Kjersti! NORW EGI ANCLAS S 101.COM LOWER BEGI NNER S 1 #6 - MAKE S URE YOUR NORWEGI AN COMPLI MENTS ARE S I NCERE! 4

39 "You look good Kjersti!" Jo, takk for komplementet. "Eh, well, thanks for the compliment." When you want to give someone a compliment, the most common phrase to start off with is "you look." In Norwegian, that is du ser. This is followed by an adjective, which is then followed by the word ut ("out"). So, the sentence would look like du ser...ut. Now for the structure itself, all you need is [pronoun] ser [adjective] ut, and you can make any sentence that would look like "[pronoun] looks [adjective]." To take this even further, we know that ser ("seeing/looking") is the present tense of å se ("to see"/"to look"), which in turn, we can conjugate into the past tense as så ("saw"/"looked"). Knowing this, we can now make compliments in present and past tense. Let's look at some. 1. Han så flott ut. "He looked elegant." 2. Hun ser hyggelig ut. "She looks nice." You can also use other pronouns like den ("that" masculine), det ("that" neuter), disse ("these"), and so on, or of course use a noun instead. 1. Den så kul ut. "It looked cool." 2. Agatha ser pen ut. "Agatha looks beautiful." Now if you receive a compliment, how do you answer? Simple. Just say Takk for komplimentet or just Tusen takk or takk. The longest phrase is the most polite term, and takk is more daily and common. Using takk wouldn't necessarily inspire another compliment from the same NORW EGI ANCLAS S 101.COM LOWER BEGI NNER S 1 #6 - MAKE S URE YOUR NORWEGI AN COMPLI MENTS ARE S I NCERE! 5

40 person. If you accompany the "thank you" with a smile, you let the other person know that you appreciated it. As a bonus, let's go over some of the VSO questions we saw in the dialogue. You don't know what VSO means? VSO is an abbreviation of verb-subject-object; it is talking about the order in which words build a sentence. A VSO question starts with a verb, which is followed by a subject (usually a noun or pronoun), which is followed by an object (which is also usually a noun or pronoun). One of the VSO questions in the dialogue was er det ditt barn? ("Is it your child?") As you can see, VSO questions are also common in English, as they translate word for word. Another VSO we saw in the dialogue was er du ofte aktiv? (Literally, "Are you often active?").this one also makes sense in English. The VSO questions we want to look at today are the ones of the last type that consist of a verb, a pronoun, an adverb, and an adjective. Let's look at some examples. 1. Er hun ofte dårlig? "Is she often sick (literally "bad")?" 2. Er du veldig sulten? "Are you very hungry?" 3. Er han sjeldent glad? "Is he rarely (seldom) happy?" CULTURAL INSIGHT Is That a Real Compliment? You might find that Norwegians are not good at giving compliments that they really mean. It is quite common to find compliments handed out between people as a form of nicety. While most Norwegians like receiving compliments, they are also good at discerning which compliments were given as a pure nicety and which were sincere. When giving someone a compliment in Norway, it is usually better to refrain from complimenting if you are just trying to NORW EGI ANCLAS S 101.COM LOWER BEGI NNER S 1 #6 - MAKE S URE YOUR NORWEGI AN COMPLI MENTS ARE S I NCERE! 6

41 be nice. Instead, try to find something you actually like about the person and compliment it at an appropriate time. The way Kjersti and Lars acted in this dialogue is sadly how compliments usually go down, which is rather uninspiring. Try to be sincere, and if you can't give a real compliment, just don't do it at all. NORW EGI ANCLAS S 101.COM LOWER BEGI NNER S 1 #6 - MAKE S URE YOUR NORWEGI AN COMPLI MENTS ARE S I NCERE! 7

42 LESSON NOTES Lower Beginner S1 #7 Talking About Colors in Norwegian CONTENTS 2 Norwegian 2 English 2 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 4 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 5 Grammar 7 Cultural Insight # 7 COPYRIGHT 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

43 NORWEGIAN 1. Kjersti: Hvilken synes du er fin? 2. Espen: Jeg liker den grønne gardinen. 3. Kjersti: Grønn er fin, men jeg synes gul er penere. 4. Espen: Hva med de røde? 5. Kjersti: Jo, jeg liker de også. 6. Espen: Ja, da tar vi dem! ENGLISH 1. Kjersti: Which ones do you think are nice? 2. Espen: I like the green curtains. 3. Kjersti: Green is nice, but I think yellow is prettier. 4. Espen: What about the red ones? 5. Kjersti: Well, I like them too. 6. Espen: Yes, then let's take those. VOCABULARY Norwegian English Class NORW EGI ANCLAS S 101.COM LOWER BEGI NNER S 1 #7 - TALKI NG ABOUT COLORS I N NORWEGI AN 2

44 hvilken which pronoun å synes to think, to believe verb fin nice adjective å like to like verb grønn green adjective gardin curtain noun gul yellow adjective med with conjunction rød red adjective også too adverb SAMPLE SENTENCES Hvilken genser liker du? "Which sweater do you like?" Hva synes du? "What do you think?" Disse er fine. "These are nice." Jenta liker valpene kjempegodt. "The girl really likes the puppies." Den lille jenta liker valpene kjempegodt. "The young girl really likes the puppies." Jeg liker tysk øl. "I like German beer." Den grønne frosken er i vannet. "The green frog is in the water." Sauen spiser det grønne gresset. "The sheep is eating the green grass." Gardinen er møkkete. "The curtain is dirty." Gul er favoritten min. "Yellow is my favorite." NORW EGI ANCLAS S 101.COM LOWER BEGI NNER S 1 #7 - TALKI NG ABOUT COLORS I N NORWEGI AN 3

45 Bien pollinerer den gule blomsten. "The bee is pollinating the yellow flower." Brødskive med hva? "A slice of bread with what?" Jeg blir med! "I'm coming with you!" Blir du med? "Are you joining?" Den med hunden på, vær så snill. "The one with the dog (on it), please." Huset vårt er rødt. "Our house is red." Ta med deg denne også. "Bring this one too." Jeg vil også dra. "I also want to go." VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE Few words need much explanation this time, but let's look at some that could cause trouble. hvilken Hvilken means "which" or "which one" depending on the sentence it's in. In our dialogue, Kjersti says hvilken synes du er fin? ("Which one do you think is nice?"). Here hvilken means "which one." In a sentence like this, Hvilken bil er din? ("Which car is yours?") Hvilken now translates as "which." å synes Å synes means "to think" or "to believe," but it's slightly more complex than that. Å synes means that you have the impression of something. However, in this dialogue we use it as "to think." NORW EGI ANCLAS S 101.COM LOWER BEGI NNER S 1 #7 - TALKI NG ABOUT COLORS I N NORWEGI AN 4

46 1. Jeg synes gul er penere. "I think yellow is prettier." In other words, you express your opinion of something with å synes. da tar vi de Da tar vi de might be a confusing phrase. It literally means "then take we those/them." We usually use a variety of da + verb + pronoun + pronoun or noun to express a decision on something. 1. Da gjør vi det. "We'll do that then." 2. Hvilken film likte du? "Which movie did you like?" 3. Jeg synes det er vansklig å tro på... "I think it is hard to believe..." 4. Da kjøper vi rullgardinene. "We'll buy the roller blinds then." GRAMMAR The Focus of This Lesson Is Talking About Colors and Preferences. Grønn er fin, men jeg synes gul er penere. "Green is nice, but I think yellow is prettier." Jeg liker den grønne gardinen. "I like the green curtain." NORW EGI ANCLAS S 101.COM LOWER BEGI NNER S 1 #7 - TALKI NG ABOUT COLORS I N NORWEGI AN 5

47 Norwegians like colors just as much as anyone else, although it might not be reflected that well in our choice of fashion. An elementary part of any language is to know the colors, although it is more common to learn them early on for children as they are easy to relate to. You are first learning colors now because it fits with this lesson's "I like." So first let's look at "I like." To say "I like..." in Norwegian you simply say jeg liker. After this, you can add pretty much anything. The most common words are nouns and colors. We can also use verbs by including the article in the infinitive. For illustration purposes, let's just look at some examples. 1. Jeg liker kjoler. "I like dresses." 2. Jeg liker å arbeide. "I like to work." As a bonus, we'll show you how to say "I don't like." (This is for those rebels out there who don't like things.) It's actually fairly easy. You simply add the negative ikke ("not") after the verb liker ("like"). So it looks like this: Jeg liker ikke... ("I don't like..."). 1. Jeg liker ikke grønn. "I don't like green." As you may well know by now, you can also substitute the pronoun jeg with any noun or pronoun without needing to change the rest of the sentence. So you can easily make Hun liker kjoler or Ole liker å arbeide. Colors Now let's look at colors. As mentioned, most colors have different names from English so the only way to remember these is through practice. Norwegian "English" rød "red" NORW EGI ANCLAS S 101.COM LOWER BEGI NNER S 1 #7 - TALKI NG ABOUT COLORS I N NORWEGI AN 6

48 grønn "green" blå "blue" gul "yellow" svart "black" hvit "white" oransj "orange" Brun "brown" rosa "pink" lilla "purple" If you want to use some adjectives to describe these colors like Kjersti does in our dialogue, you just say [color] er [adjective]. This is the most basic structure. Add jeg synes in front of this phrase, and you make it your own opinion. 1. Rosa er stygt. "Pink is ugly." 2. Jeg synes rosa er stygt. "I think pink is ugly." CULTURAL INSIGHT What Color Do Norwegians Prefer? Norwegians aren't especially particular when it comes to colors. However, a survey says most Norwegians prefer white. This is easily noticed when out driving in the countryside or through hamlets and small residential areas. A lot of the houses are colored white. It's no wonder the NORW EGI ANCLAS S 101.COM LOWER BEGI NNER S 1 #7 - TALKI NG ABOUT COLORS I N NORWEGI AN 7

49 color is also on the Norwegian flag, although it might not be the most prominent color. For those that know, the Norwegian flag has three colors: rødt, hvitt og blått or "red, white, and blue" as we say in English. The white and blue form a cross and are surrounded by red. Each color also has a meaning like the French flag: red is for freedom, white for peace, and blue for brotherhood. But red is the most prominent color of the three. Norwegians tend to like red too; in fact, we like all strong colors or high contrasts; blander colors don't appeal that much to Norwegians. NORW EGI ANCLAS S 101.COM LOWER BEGI NNER S 1 #7 - TALKI NG ABOUT COLORS I N NORWEGI AN 8