Telecoms in the Internet Age

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1 2008 AGI-Information Management Consultants May be used for personal purporses only or by libraries associated to dandelon.com network. Telecoms in the Internet Age From Boom to Bust to...? MARTIN FRANSMAN OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS

2 CONTENTS List of Tables ^ T ' ' xii List of Figures '. xv Acronyms and Abbreviations. xvi Introduction * Explaining the Telecoms Boom and Bust, Evolution of the Telecommunications Industry in the Internet Age ' AT&T, BT, and NTT: Super-adapters or Dinosaurs in an Age of Climate Change? Deutsche Telekom: Europe's Giant Struggling to Globalize France Telecom: France's Europeanizing Incumbent The New Entrepreneurs in the Telecoms Industry ' COLT: An American Telecoms Operator in Europe ' The Changing Knowledge Base: Co-evolving R&D in Telecoms Network Operators Mobile Internet: Explaining Japanese Success and European Failure ' Conclusion: Shareout, Consolidation; and the Restoration of Profitability 260 Appendix Bibliography 275 Index ' ' ' 285

Deutsche Telekom: Europe's Giant Struggling to Globalize 124 5. France Telecom: France's Europeanizing Incumbent 158 6. The New Entrepreneurs in the Telecoms Industry ' 185 7.

3 LIST OF TABLES 1.1. The layer model of the Infocommunications Industry Financial position of some US new entrants, April Layers of the Old Telecoms Industry Characteristics of the innovation system in the Old Telecoms Industry The location of R&D in the New Telecoms Industry, Employment by function in Energis Market capitalization of some new entrants and other selected companies, 1999, Landmarks in the evolution of the Internet The Infocommunications Industry: a layer model The innovation systems in the Infocommunications Industry and the Old Telecoms Industry, Cooperative innovation by remotely located innovators: the case of Linux Interpretive ambiguity and mobile communications Vision of the video-phone, Diffusion of second generation mobile systems in Europe, Japan, and North America, Competing networks and technologies in the local access market AT&T, BT, and NTT: supplier strategies AT&T, BT, and NTT: R&D intensities, c AT&T, BT, and NTT: convergence of strategy AT&T, BT, and NTT: divisional structure, AT&T, BT, and NTT: performance in mobile The US mobile market NTT DoCoMo, Vodafone, and BT Cellnet: market share and market capitalization AT&T, BT, and NTT: performance in Internet-related services AT&T, BT, and NTT: performance in globalization TMA Annual Survey question: how do TMA members rate UK operators for quality of service? AT&T, BT, and NTT: R&D, 1987 and AT&T, BT, and NTT: common sources of pain in AT&T: revenue and earnings from its four businesses, BT: turnover and operating profit from its seven new businesses 107

2.6. Landmarks in the evolution of the Internet 61 2.7. The Infocommunications Industry: a layer model 66 2.8. The innovation systems in the Infocommunications Industry and the Old Telecoms Industry,.

4 LIST OF TABLES xiii NTT: segment operating income Falling telecoms share price (year to mid-october 2000). < The forces operating behind the backs of the telecoms operators. no Demand and supply of optical fibre, ', : Falling cost of trans-atlantic and pan-european circuits AT&T, BT, and NTT: three questions about the past WorldCom: performance in major markets WorldCom: what went wrong?..; ' Deutsche Telekom: relative share price performance Deutsche Telekom: share ownership structure Deutsche Telekom's four strategic pillars Deutsche Telekom: distribution of revenue by pillar Deutsche Telekom: growth in revenue by area ' Deutsche Telekom: falling revenue from long distance Deutsche Telekom's Supervisory Board, ' Functions of Deutsche Telekom's Board of Management Dr Ron Sommer: background of the CEO of Deutsche Telekom Deutsche Telekom: the politics of corporate decentralization and empowerment ' Deutsche Telekom: corporate strategy 1: overall strategy ' Deutsche Telekom: corporate strategy 2: strategic priorities, Deutsche Telekom: "corporate strategy 3: strategy by pillar Deutsche Telekom: recent acquisitions ' Deutsche Telekom: new acquisitions and businesses by pillar Deutsche Telekom: market shares in the German mobile market, mid T-Mobile international group: main associated companies, 30 June T-Motion (Deutsche Telekom's mobile portal): most popular services Europe's largest Internet companies, T-Online: growth in minutes per month per subscriber T-Online: e-commerce and advertising revenues, Tiscali and AOL: advertising revenue per customer, T-Online: major foreign subsidiaries Deutsche Telekom: R&D expenditure Patent applications by Deutsche Telekom Deutsche Telekom: employment Deutsche Telekom: the politics of integrating acquisitions Deutsche Telekom: net revenue and income before taxes by segment, 2000, 1999, and France Telecom: relative share price performance France Telecom: market share in France in the major growth areas France Telecom's nine units, France Telecom's five business areas France Telecom: distribution of revenue by business area France Telecom: performance by business segment, France Telecom: total number of employees France Telecom's international business strategy France Telecom: major acquisitions and investments 172

WorldCom: performance in major markets 115 3.22. WorldCom: what went wrong?..; '.116 4.1. Deutsche Telekom: relative share price performance. 126 4.2. Deutsche Telekom: share ownership structure 128 4.

5 xiv LIST;OF TABLES France Telecom: share of consolidated revenue from international business France Telecom: new organization to drive international business development :., French mobile market, 2000 ' v '"..» ' Mobile market shares in the European market -.. ' France Telecom/Wanadoo: breakdown of revenue > * France Telecom: R&D intensity ",: France Telecom: public R&D obligations and R&D strategy ' The entrepreneurs and their companies Market capitalization of some telecoms new entrants and : ' : other selected companies, 12 July , Market capitalization of selected incumbents,and new r V entrants, 29 November 2000 : Market capitalization of selected US telecoms operators Percentage change in share price, : AT&T, Level 3, Qwest, WorldCom. ' " u COLT'S entry strategy COLT's employment COLT'S profit and loss, Periodizing the evolution of R&D in the telecoms network operators Telecoms R&D, '" ' Conventional explanations of i-mode's success The combinant properties of the 'i-mode innovation system' (IIS) Periodizing the evolution of i-mode.,- ' Consumption of i-mode applications by type, Some i-mode content sites DoCoMo's revenues from i-mode DoCoMo's global strategy DoCoMo's global platform DoCoMo's global partnerships 257

France Telecom: R&D intensity ",: 180 5.16. France Telecom: public R&D obligations and R&D strategy '. 180 6.1. The entrepreneurs and their companies. 187 6.2.

6 LIST OF FIGURES 1.1. The effect of a fall in the price of bandwidth Incumbents and new entrants: share price' Evolutionary paths for co-evolving consumer demand ' AT&T, BT, and NTT: evolution of corporate structure Deutsche Telekom: organizational structure France Telecom: organizational structure, France Telecom: organizational.structure from France Telecom: international organization, 2001 (using UK as example) : Five-year share price comparison: AT&T, Qwest, WorldCom Five-year share price comparison: Level 3, Qwest, WorldCom The evolution of corporate organization in AT&T, BT, and NTT The technology function in the reorganized BT The R&D function in the post-breakup AT&T, 229

1: Five-year share price comparison: AT&T, Qwest, WorldCom 199 6.2. Five-year share price comparison: Level 3, Qwest, WorldCom 199 8.1. The evolution of corporate organization in AT&T, BT, and NTT 224 8.

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