UNIVERSITY OF BAHRAIN COLLEGE OF SCIENCE GRADUATE BULLETIN DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS. M.Sc. PROGRAMME IN APPLIED PHYSICS

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1 UNIVERSITY OF BAHRAIN COLLEGE OF SCIENCE GRADUATE BULLETIN DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS M.Sc. PROGRAMME IN APPLIED PHYSICS This Program was approved by the University Council in Decision No.50/2002 (January 16, 2002) 1

2 1- INTRODUCTION The department of physics was founded as a part of the University College of Bahrain in From that time onwards, the department has devoted its efforts towards enhancing its research and teaching capabilities. The department offers a graduate program leading to M.Sc. degree in Applied Physics. This program is established to supervise and support the planning, initiation and development of high quality graduate education and research work in the department of physics to supplement the educational, industrial and other sectors in Bahrain with professionals and well trained graduates. Our mission is to generate opportunities for optimized learning of physics concepts and application at all educational levels in an environment that promotes interdisciplinary interactions. We offer distinguished quality learning experiences that include a variety of courses appropriate for students coming from diverse streams. Each student is supported and challenged to excel within his chosen discipline, but also as a member of community of lifelong learners. Faculties are role models for creativity in areas within and beyond physics as they advice and monitor the students served by the department. We keep our laboratories equipped with research facilities capable of enhancing human resources to promote scholarly opportunities to both faculty and students, and we serve as a resource for the Bahrain community in all aspects related to physics education and research. 2

3 PROGRAM OBJECTIVES AND EXPECTED OUTCOMES The master degree program in Applied Physics in the Physics Department at the University of Bahrain is designed to provide the students with advanced knowledge in core subjects in physics and prepare them to pursue their higher studies towards the PhD degree in physics, if they so chose. In addition, this program will equip the students with the training and skills in experimental and numerical methods to solve advanced problems in applied physics such as nanotechnology, condensed matter, photonics and environmental physics. Graduates from this program are expected to be able to meet the demands of the ministry of education in having well trained and skilled teachers to promote their education program, and have the training and background to join and help existing and new industries in Bahrain. ACADEMIC STAFF Human Resources The Department of Physics has several members that can contribute effectively to the teaching and research requirements of the M.Sc program in applied physics. The current ranks of faculty members at the Department of Physics are as follows: a) Professors : 1 b) Associate Professors : 5 c) Assistant Professors : 10 3

4 Research Profile Faculty members at the Department of Physics are active in research in subjects directly related to the M.Sc program. The publication profile is about 2 research papers/faculty members/year (in an internationally recognized scientific journals). 35 research papers were published in international journals during the year Most faculty members at the Department of Physics participate regularly in international conferences. Research interests of the department faculty members cover varied and wide spectrum of applied physics, such as: Amorphous semiconductors Glasses Nonlinear optics Nanomaterials (magnetic and nonmagnetic) Biomagnetism Renewable Energy Magnetic fluids Nuclear radiation and detection Thin films Semiconductors Semiconductor devices Astronomy and astrophysics Particle physics High TC superconductivity Biophotonics Modeling of magnetic systems Polymer, dyes nanomaterials for solar cell technology. Magnetocalaric nanomaterials. Nanoparticles for Biomedical applications. Hydrogen storage. Spintronics. Nanocomposite based on carbon nanostructures. Multiscale modeling at the nanoscale. Neutron diffraction measurements. Surface Science Plasma physics Laser physics Metal Physics ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS FOR THE M.Sc. PROGRAM IN APPLIED PHYSICS. 4

5 1- All applicants must fulfill the University of Bahrain admission requirements to the post graduate studies. 2- Every applicant must hold a B.Sc. degree in Physics from the University of Bahrain, or other institutions recognized by the university, with a grade point average of not less than 2.67 out of 4, according to the credit hour system, or equivalent grade from a different system. 3- Applicants with B.Sc. in fields closely related to physics may be admitted to the program provided they had 40 credit hours in Physics or equivalent subjects in a credit hour systems. For non credit hour systems, the applicant is expected to have not less than 50% of his/her undergraduate studies in physics related courses. 4- All applicants must pass a personal interview to evaluate his/her academic level as well as his/her proficiency in English. 5- The student may be accepted conditionally upon completion of some remedial courses as requested by the department. The student is expected to pass each of the remedial courses with a grade of B or better. The credit hours, duration and grades of these courses will not be considered as part of the M.Sc. program. COURSE OFFERINGS All courses are to be offered with the consent of the Postgraduate Committee at the Department of Physics. 5

6 9 - STRUCTURE OF THE M.Sc. PROGRAM IN APPLIED PHYSICS The Program consists of 30 credit hours to be completed normally within four regular full load semesters. 6 credit hours of the 30 are assigned to a thesis that the student should complete and defend. The remaining 24 credit hours represent courses offered by the department, as follows: I - COMPULSORY COURSES (CORE COURSES) (12 Credits): List A : 12 Credits; PHYCS 511 Classical Mechanics (3-0-3) PHYCS 526 Quantum Mechanics (3-0-3) PHYCS 541 Classical Electrodynamics (3-0-3) PHYCS 560 Thermal and Statistical Physics (3-0-3) II - ELECTIVES (12 Credits): List B :(Advanced skills) 3 Credits One course is to be selected from the following. PHYCS 529 Computational Physics (3-0-3) PHYCS 521 Methods of Theoretical Physics (3-0-3) PHYCS 591 Experimental Techniques in Applied Physics (2-3-3) The courses will be selected with the consent of the thesis supervisor and the approval of the departmental postgraduate committee. List C : (Disciplines ) 9 Credits Three courses are to be selected from one of the following streams in 6

7 consent with the departmental post graduate committee 7

8 Stream 1: Nanotechnology and applied Condensed Matter Physics PHYCS 551 Solid State Physics (3-0-3) PHYCS 552 Solid State Devices (3-0-3) PHYCS 553 Semiconductors (3-0-3) PHYCS 554 Materials Science (3-0-3) PHYCS 555 Physics of Non-Crystalline Solids (3-0-3) PHYCS 556 Nanoscience (3-0-3) PHYCS 557 Nanotechnology (3-0-3) PHYCS 558 Selected Topics in Condensed Matter Physics (3-0-3) Stream 2 : Applied Photonics PHYCS 531 Applied Optics (3-0-3) PHYCS 532 Quantum Optics (3-0-3) PHYCS 533 Nonlinear Optics (3-0-3) PHYCS 534 Optoelectronics (3-0-3) PHYCS 535 Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy (3-0-3) PHYCS 536 Laser Physics (3-0-3) PHYCS 537 Photophysics (3-0-3) PHYCS 538 Selected topics in Applied Photonics (3-0-3) 8

9 Stream 3: Applied Environmental Physics PHYCS 561 Environmental Physics (3-0-3) PHYCS 562 Physics of Arid Areas (3-0-3) PHYCS 563 Climate change and Global Warming (3-0-3) PHYCS 564 Physics of the Earth (3-0-3) PHYCS 565 Physics of building environment (3-0-3) PHYCS 566 Atmospheric Physics (3-0-3) PHYCS 567 Renewable Energy Resources and Technology (3-0-3) PHYCS 568 Selected topics in environmental physics (3-0-3) III - Master Project PHYCS 599 THESIS (6 Credits) In partial fulfillment of the M.Sc. program in applied physics, the student must conduct research work, write up and successfully defend a thesis, which is carried out under the supervision of a faculty member in the department. After earning at least 18 credit hours, (core courses plus 2 courses from one of the main streams) the student registers for the thesis course (PHYCS 599). The student is required to deliver a Seminar as a partial requirement towards his/her M.Sc. degree. Upon completion of all the required courses with GPA of at least 3 out of 4, the student can present his thesis for examination. Three examiners, at least one of them from outside the University, will be recommended by the department postgraduate committee, approved by the Departmental Council, and forwarded to the College Council for approval and action. The grade of the thesis will be given on the successful completion and defense of the thesis. 9

10 10- M.Sc. IN APPLIED PHYSICS CURRICULUM First Year Semester 1 Semester 2 Course No. Name Cr. Cours e No. Name Cr. PHYC S PHYC S PHYC S 511 Classical Mechanics Classical Electrodynamics 3 PHYC S PHYC S 526 Quantum Mechanics 560 Statistical Physics 5 Elective (List B) 3 PHYC S 5 Elective (List C) Second Year Semester 1 Semester 2 Course No. Name Cr. Cours e No. Name Cr. PHYC S PHYC S 5 Elective (List C) + 3 PHYC S 5 Elective (List C) Thesis * 6 PHYC 599 Thesis * - S (Continuation) 6 3 * A student registers for PHYCS 599 after earning at least 18 Cr. + Three electives are to be selected from the same stream 10

11 COURES DESCRIPTION PHYCS 511 : CLASSICAL MECHANICS (3-0-3) Review of basic principles of Newtonian Mechanics; dynamic of a system of particles; moving coordinate systems; tensor algebra; inertia and stress tensors; rotation of rigid bodies; Hamilton equation; canonical transformation; Hamilton-Jacobi equation; theory of small oscillations; relativistic dynamics. PHYCS 521: METHODS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS (3-0-3) Vector spaces; operators; tensor algebra; algebraic eigenvalue problem; special functions; Green s function and its applications; integral equations in Hilbert space; elements of group theory; symmetry groups and group representations; some applications in condensed matter and high energy particle physics; Statistical distribution functions. PHYCS 526 : QUANTUM MECHANICS (3-0-3) Quantum mechanics in Hilbert space; observables and operators; angular momentum and intrinsic spin in Hilbert space; Clebsh-Gordon coefficients; spin-orbit interactions and interactions with external fields; quantum theory of scattering by a potential; Green s function solutions of local and non-local separable potential scattering problems; stationary perturbation theory; time dependent perturbation theory; the fine and hyperfine structure of the hydrogen and helium atoms; relativistic quantum mechanics. PHYCS 529 : COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS (3-0-3) Methods of implementing mathematical and numerical techniques in computer calculations leading to solutions of physical problems. Topics include algorithms, models, and their applications. Quantum computing. 11

12 PHYCS 531: APPLIED OPTICS (3-0-3) Nature and properties of light, lasers and their applications, non linear optics, Kerr and Pockel s effects, magneto and accousto optic effects, display devices, photodetectors, fiber optical waveguides, optical communication systems. PHYCS 532 : QUANTUM OPTICS (3-0-3) Planck s radiation law and the Einstein coefficients; quantum mechanics of the atom-radiation interaction; fluctuation properties of chaotic light; the quantized radiation field; interaction of quantized fields with atoms; photon optics; generation and amplification of light; resonance fluorescence and light scattering; nonlinear optics. PHYCS 533 : NONLINEAR OPTICS (3-0-3) Origin of optical nonlinearities; survey of nonlinear effects; the response function; density matrix formalism; resonant nonlinearities; wave propagation and processes in nonlinear media; dynamic optical nonlinearities in semiconductors; theory of solitons. PHYCS 534 : OPTOELECTRONICS (3-0-3) Propagation of rays and beams in lens like media and fibers; optical resonators; interaction of radiation with atomic systems; electro-optic modulation of laser beams; interaction of light and sound; optical communication; holography. PHYCS 535 : ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR SPECTRA (3-0-3) Fourier transform spectroscopy; microwave spectroscopy; infrared and Raman spectroscopies; electronic spectroscopy of atoms and molecules; spin 12

13 resonance spectroscopy; Mossbauer spectroscopy, laser spectroscopy. PHYCS 536 : LASER PHYSICS (3-0-3) Introduction to laser operation; Gaussian beams; optical resonators; interaction of radiation with matter; laser oscillation and amplification; laser excitation; gas discharge phenomena; transition rates; spectroscopy of common lasers; detection of optical radiation; application of lasers. PHYCS 537 : PHOTOPHYSICS (3-0-3) Light emission resulting from electronic transitions between excited states of atoms; molecules; semiconductors; insulators and biological systems PHYCS 538 :SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED PHOTONICS (3-0-3) The study of a particular topic of current interest in applied photonics. Topics are to be selected with the consent of the departmental postgraduate committee. PHYCS 541: CLASSICAL ELECTRODYNAMICS (3-0-3) Electrostatics and boundary value problems; Maxwell s equations and conservation laws; time varying fields; gauge transformations; Lorentz and Coulomb gauges; Green s function of electromagnetic waves; Poynting theorem and conservation laws of a system of charged particles; plane electromagnetic waves and wave propagation; linear and circular polarization; simple radiating systems; cavities and wave guides. PHYCS 551 : SOLID STATE PHYSICS (3-0-3) Lattice dynamics in three dimensions; specific heat capacity; electron-phonon interaction; electrons in periodic potential; Block s theorem; nearly free 13

14 electron theory; band structure and Fermi surfaces; tight binding model; electron dynamics without relaxation; mechanism of relaxation and Boltzmann equation; relaxation time approximation; impurity scattering; electrical and thermal conductivity; thermoelectric effects; magnetoresistance. PHYCS 552 : SOLID STATE DEVICES (3-0-3) Basic equations for semiconductor devices; carrier transport phenomena; carrier concentration at thermal equilibrium; heterojunctions; metalsemiconductor contacts; tunnel devices; transfer-electron devices; LEDs and semiconductor lasers; photodetectors; photovoltaic phenomena, microwave devices and solar cells. PHYCS 553 : SEMICONDUCTORS (3-0-3) Carrier concentrations in thermal equilibrium; defects and impurity states; excess carriers in semiconductors; radiative and non-radiative recombinations; electron transport phenomena; thermal effects in semiconductors; optical and high frequency effects in semiconductors; diffusion of electrons and holes; methods characterizing semiconductors; element and compound semiconductors; theory of p-n junction. PHYCS 554 : MATERIALS SCIENCE (3-0-3) Introduction to materials; synthesis of materials; material s characterizations; phase diagram and crystallization; structure and microstructure; heat and mass transfer; mechanical properties; metals and alloys; amorphous and glasses; polymers; magnetic materials; semiconductors; thin films; biomaterials PHYCS 555 : PHYSICS OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS (3-0-3) The nature of the glassy states; structure of glasses; oxide glasses, halide 14

15 glasses; elemental glasses; hydrogen bonded glasses; chalcogenide glasses; theoretical ideas of amorphous semiconductors; Anderson s localization; band structure; Mott-CFO model; Davis and Mott model; optical properties and spectroscopic properties; electronic states and transport properties in noncrystalline solids; applications of amorphous semiconductors. PHYCS 556: NANOSCIENCE & NANOMATERIALS (3-0-3) Introduction to the nanoworld; synthesis of nanomaterials; characterization techniques; thermal, optical, magnetic, electronic and mechanical properties of nanomaterials; processing of nanomaterials; emerging applications such as catalysis, electrochemistry, renewable energy and biomaterials; nanocomposites; recent advances in nanoscience and nanomaterials. PHYCS 557 : NANOTECHNOLOGY (3-0-3) Introduction to nanotechnology; nanostructured films; nanoelectronics & information technology; nanophotonics; nanomaterials for medical diagnosis and therapy; nanobiosensors; nano/bio MEMS; nanobiotechnology; recent advances in nanotechnology. PHYCS 558: SELECTED TOPICS IN CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS (3-0-3) The study of a particular topic of current interest in condensed matter physics. Topics are to be selected with the consent of the departmental postgraduate committee. PHYCS 560 : THERMAL & STATISTICAL PHYSICS (3-0-3) Introduction to statistical physics; entropy and temperature; microcanonical, canonical and grand canonical ensembles; Liouville theorem; translational, 15

16 vibrantional, and rotational partition functions; Boltzmann, Fermi-Dirac, and Bose-Einstein statistics; Bose-Einstein condensation; density matrix; principle of detailed balance; quantum statistics applications. PHYCS 561 : ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSICS (3-0-3) Forces of nature; energy transport,; heat and radiation; biological effects of ionizing and non- ionizing radiation; atmospheric transport of pollutant; natural disasters; climate change; noise pollution; radioactivity; waste management; remote sensing and radiometry. PHYCS 562 : PHYSICS OF ARID AREAS (3-0-3) Sand movements; confirmatory measurements in the desert; potential of hybrid solar irrigation systems; desalination as a strategy in arid-zone salinity management; modeling the dry climates; remote sensing for land system survey; soil physics. PHYCS 563 : GLOBAL WARMING AND CLIMATE CHANGE (3-0-3) Introduction to global warming and climate change; the greenhouse effect; impacts of global warming; the rapid changes in global temperature; extreme weather patterns ; the super-storms; impacts on global warming on ecosystem; greenhouse gases; global climate model; predicting future climates; climate change impacts on health. PHYCS 564 : ADVANCED EARTH SCIENCE (3-0-3) Natural resources; risks, hazards and resources associated with solid Earth systems; surface Earth systems; ocean-atmosphere system; environmental impact of natural resources exploitation; natural hazards and their mitigation; seismic hazards; volcanic hazards; flooding; coastal erosion; ocean- 16

17 atmosphere interaction; climatic change and global warming; human response to climate change and disasters. PHYSICS 565 : PHYSICS OF BUILDING ENVIRONMENT (3-0-3) The environment; thermal insulation in buildings; energy use in buildings; air control in buildings; artificial and natural lights in buildings; noise and sound insulation; room acoustics; efficient electricity use in buildings; water supply and waste water in buildings; green buildings; building integrated Photovoltaic; building integrated wind turbine; case studies. PHYCS 566 : ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS (3-0-3) Thermodynamic effect of water vapor parcel buoyancy; atmospheric stability; mixing and convection; observed properties of clouds; formation of cloud droplets; rain and snow; precipitation process; server storm and hail; weather radar; numerical cloud models. PHYSICS 567 : RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES AND TECHNOLGY (3-0-3) Principles of renewable energy; essentials of fluid mechanics; heat transfer; solar radiation; solar water heating; other uses for solar heat; photovoltaic generation; nano-technology in PV technology; hydro-power; wind power; the photosynthetic process; biofules; wave energy; tidal energy; ocean thermal energy conversation (OTEC); geothermal energy; energy storage and distribution; economy of renewable energy; investment in renewable energy. PHYCS 568 : SELECTED TOPICS IN ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSICS (3-0-3) The study of a particular topic of current interest in environmental physics. 17

18 Topics are to be selected with the consent of the departmental postgraduate committee. PHYCS 591 :EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES IN APPLIED PHYSICS (2-3-3) Advanced experiments in applied physics such as: Hall effect, low temperature conductivity measurements; X-ray diffraction; preparation of thin films; photoluminescence of semiconductors; critical temperature in superconductors; optical and electrical characterization of solids; characterization of magnetic materials; laser oscillators; Gaussian beam measurements; nonlinear susceptibility. 18

19 Teaching and research equipment in the Physics Department Condensed Matter Physics Low and high temperature ac & dc conductivity. Photoconductivity set-up. Photoluminscence set-up. I-V and C-V characterization of semiconducting devices. Thermal and Mechanical Analyser (TGA. DSC). Hall effect measurement set-up. Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). Spectroscopy FTIR and Raman spectrometer. UV-VIS NIR spectrometer. Ellipsometer. N 2 pulsed laser + Dye laser. YAG: Nd pulsed laser. Boxcar averaging apparatus. Z-scan set-up. Structural Measurements Electron microscope. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) apparatus. X-Ray diffractometer X-Ray fluorescence Image analyzer. Ultrasonic Attenuation Measurements Ultrasonic short pulse system. (Pulse-echo technique, single ended). 19

20 Material Preparation Facilities Single zone high temperature furnaces ( C). Multizone tube furnace. Gas flow high temperature furnaces. Thickness and refractive index of thin films measurement set-up. Glow discharge setup for Amorphous thin films. Edward s coating unit for electrode and thin film deposition. Ball Mills, Pellet making machine, Optical polishing machine. Tensometer for compressional and tensile deformation Renewable Energy And Environmental Physics Solar pyranometers. Meteorological weather station. Solar spectrometer. Albedo meter. Water turbidity meter. Solar PV Panels. Solar Collectors. Windmills. Fuel Cell set-up Nuclear Physics Gieger-Muller tubes, Na(Ti) crystal detectors, surface barrier detectors, scintillator detectors, vacuum chambers, radioactive sources, nuclear modules. High Purity Ge-detector 20

21 LIBRARY FACILITIES The science library contains many books and journals in all areas of applied physics including condensed matter, optics, environmental physics, etc. The science library has the following links to E-Books and E- Journals on line: AACE Digital Library Academic Search Premier ACM Digital Library American Physical Society (APS) Cambridge University Press Journals Ei Village 2 ERIC (Education Resource Information Center) Inspec Institute of Physics E Journals Library, Information Science & Technology Abstracts Oxford Journals ScienceDirect Springer UoB & Other Journals World Scientific 21