airport urbanism airports, landscapes and cities

Transcription

1 airport urbanism airports, landscapes and cities 02

2 Direttore Laura Cipriani Università degli Studi di Trento Comitato scientifico Bernardo Secchi Università Iuav di Venezia Giovanni Corbellini Università degli Studi di Trieste Marino Lupi Università degli Studi di Pisa Charles Waldheim Harvard Design School, USA

3 airport urbanism airports, landscapes and cities The airplane, flying over forests, rivers, mountains, and seas and revealing supremely powerful laws, the simple principles which regulate natural phenomena, will arrive at the city of the new era of machine civilization. Le Corbusier The book series welcomes research works and research by design projects dealing with the airport landscape theme. The interdisciplinary approach aims to stimulate debate and knowledge of a topic which is still marginal in international scientific debate and the teaching field. La collana accoglie ricerca e sperimentazioni progettuali relativamente alla tematica aeroporti e paesaggio. L approccio interdisciplinare adottato intende stimolare il dibattito e la conoscenza su un tema ancora marginale nella formazione didattica e nel dibattito scientifico internazionale.

4 This publication is fruit of the Urban Design Course held during the first semester of the academic year at the IUAV Venice University Institute of Architecture and, as far as the preparator y and post-publication work is concerned, is the product of the Marie Curie Cofund research programme held by the author at Trento University. European Community Marie Curie Actions Cofund Autonomous Province of Trento The researcher is supported by the European Community and the Autonomous Province of Trento and co-funded by Marie Curie Actions. The work leading to this publication received funding under the 7th European Community Framework Programme 7 PQ/ and from the Autonomous Province of Trento under Grant Agreement no (notice researcher post-doc 2010 Incoming CALL 1 - Project Trentino - PCOFUND-GA ).

5 RETHINKING TREVISO AIRPORT URBANISM LANDSCAPE DESIGN STRATEGIES FROM NOW ON Laura Cipriani ed.

6 Copyright MMXIV ARACNE editrice S.r.l. via Raffaele Garofalo, 133/A B Roma (06) i s b n I diritti di traduzione, di memorizzazione elettronica, di riproduzione e di adattamento anche parziale, con qualsiasi mezzo, sono riservati per tutti i Paesi. Non sono assolutamente consentite le fotocopie senza il permesso scritto dell Editore. I edizione: agosto 2014

7 RETHINKING TREVISO AIRPORT URBANISM LANDSCAPE DESIGN STRATEGIES FROM NOW ON Laura Cipriani ed.

8 WRITTEN BY Laura Cipriani CONCEPT AND PRELIMINARY STUDIES Laura Cipriani TRANSLATOR Ter Centro Traduzioni COLLECTION OF HISTORIC AND CARTOGRAPHIC DATA Alice Covatta IMAGES AND PHOTOS Student authors and Laura Cipriani Students: Ilaria Alfonsi, Andrè Ballis, Davide Battilana, Alessia Benso, Mattia Bergamo, Giulia Bergo, Anna Didi Bettiol, Marina Bianche, Elisabetta Bizzotto, Andrea Boatti, Serena Borella, Davide Cais, Filippo Carraro, Irene Carraro, Anna Cerantola, Gianluca Comandini, Celeste Da Boit, Ignacio de Villalain, Alessandro Donzello, Gianluca Facchinelli, Guido Frison, Andrea Gallo, Laura Garbo, Lara Gibellato, Cristina Girolimetto, Marie Herault, Emanuele Isidoro, Dusan Jovanovic, Stefano Longo, Pierluigi Marangoni, Federico Marcato, Annachiara Marcon, Francesca Marconato, Andrea Marinelli, Nicola Mascotto, Alessandro Mercanti, Mirko Moretti, Ketty Moro, Michele Munerati, Lorenzo Musio, Giovanni Niero, Carlo Olivato, Matteo Paiano, Luca Ronchi, Raul Sanz, Marco Scattolin, Davide Scomparin, Jacopo Scremin, Francesca Settembrini, Francesca Silva, Caterina Soranzo, Mauro Sordon, Michela Tarzariol, Jacopo Tiso, Alberto Tonon, Maria Trillo, Giovanni Vendrame, Luisa Maria Viero, Elisa Volpato, Marco Zanchetta, Alessio Zanella, Niccolò Zanus, Cristina Zanuso GRAPHIC DESIGN Laura Cipriani LAYOUT Laura Cipriani and Alice Covatta Copyright The authors. All rights reser ved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval without permission in writing from the author. Users are not permitted to mount this file on any network servers.

9 PROFESSOR Laura Cipriani TEACHING ASSISTANTS Alice Covatta with Sergio Bortolussi STUDENT GROUPS Marina Bianche, Marie Herault, Francesca Silva Serena Borella, Alessandro Donzello, Marco Scattolin Alessia Benso, Anna Didi Bettiol, Laura Garbo, Ketty Moro, Cristina Zanuso Gianluca Facchinelli, Lara Gibellato, Dusan Jovanovic, Lorenzo Musio, Carlo Olivato Davide Cais, Michele Munerati Giulia Bergo, Irene Carraro, Guido Frison, Elisa Volpato, Alessio Zanella Luca Ronchi, Mauro Sordon, Michela Tarzariol, Giovanni Vendrame, Marco Zanchetta Andrè Ballis, Alessandro Mercanti, Niccolò Zanus Celeste Da Boit, Stefano Longo, Francesca Marconato, Luisa Maria Viero Ignacio de Villalain, Raul Sanz, Maria Trillo Ilaria Alfonsi, Anna Cerantola, Andrea Gallo, Annachiara Marcon Davide Battilana, Mattia Bergamo, Davide Scomparin, Alberto Tonon, Jacopo Scremin Elisabetta Bizzotto, Cristina Girolimetto, Mirko Moretti, Giovanni Niero Andrea Boatti, Filippo Carraro, Gianluca Comandini Emanuele Isidoro, Pierluigi Marangoni, Federico Marcato, Andrea Marinelli, Nicola Mascotto Matteo Paiano, Francesca Settembrini, Caterina Soranzo, Jacopo Tiso

10 CONTENTS RETHINKING TREVISO AIRPORT URBANISM LANDSCAPE DESIGN STRATEGIES FROM NOW ON 10 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 12 INTRODUCTION 26 RESEARCH BY DESIGN 28 Infrascape 48 Waterscape 72 Greenscape 82 Energyscape 90 Urbanscape

11 TOOLS Semiserious Tools SHORT TERM Ecological Tools MEDIUM TERM Ground-water Tools LONG TERM DESIGN BY RESEARCH Scenarios MEDIUM TERM Extreme Scenarios LONG TERM REfERENCES 210 IMAGE CREDITS 220

12 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This publication is fruit of the Urban Design Course held during the first semester of the academic year at the Iuav University of Venice and, as far as the preparator y and post-publication work is concerned, is the product of my Marie Curie Cofund research programme at Trento University. Firstly, I would like to thank my students and their constant commitment throughout the semester. Without them, this publication would never have seen the light of day. A special thank you to my collaborators. In particular, to my indispensable assistant during this teaching experiment, Alice Covatta, for her constant help extending long after the end of the semester and to Sergio Bortolussi for his support during the design workshop. My thanks to the Iuav University of Venice for allowing me to work with a highly motivated group of students at a high professional level. My thanks to the Marie Curie Cofund Programme and Trento Province for having given me the opportunity to apply my research in a teaching context. Without the experience and knowledge acquired during the three-year research programme, I would never have been able to reflect on the methods to adopt during the semester. The study is also indebted to numerous people and a multitude of authorities, administrations and mapping centres with whom I have been in contact. My thanks to the Municipality of Quinto di Treviso and in particular to Andrea Sancassani of the Urban Planning Department for his willing help during site 10 ACKNOLEDGEMENTS

13 visits and meetings; to Annalisa Pignata in the Environment Sector for her useful and precise technical-environmental indications and to Mayor Mauro Dal Zilio for his interest and participation during the final workshop. My thanks to the local Treviso associations who helped me look at the area from another point of view. In particular, I would like to express my extreme gratitude to the Treviso Airport Committee, to Director Dante Faraoni and to Alessandro Sottana for their constant support of our work. My thanks to Stefano Bucci, director of the Sile Natural Park, for having shared opinions and ideas for reflection with us during his participation in the workshop. A special thanks must also go to the libraries we were in contact with to retrieve texts and information - to the Iuav University of Venice Librar y and to the Interdepartmental Center for Sur vey, Mapping and Processing (CIRCE) for the invaluable cartographic material. My thanks to ever yone. RETHINKING TREVISO AIRPORT URBANISM 11

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15 INTRODUCTION RETHINKING TREVISO AIRPORT URBANISM

16 VENETO IS THE MOST VISITED ITALIAN REGION TREVISO THE VENETO REGION AREA km² PEOPLE IN VENETO REGION PEOPLE/km² IN VENETO REGION INTRODUCTION

17 INTRODUCTION When I was asked to teach an urban planning course for the Second Level Degree in Constructions and Conser vation at the Iuav University of Venice, I felt it would be a good opportunity to apply my recent research on airports and the landscape to a concrete project where I would finally be able to tr y out a series of methodological and design choices together. The idea was to modulate the urban planning workshop with multi-disciplinar y knowledge which included airport-infrastructure related themes, but above all explored the numerous environmental questions which today require urgent answers. Airports are playing an ever more important role in regional and local development. Infrastructure on this scale benefits society as a whole, but the environmental and social effects are a particularly heavy burden on the communities directly involved. How is the landscape modified by air transportation? Can the landscape and airport infrastructure be integrated following ecological criteria? How can an airport be integrated into the local context? What design devices can be used? How can we combine today s technological requirements with the need for unforeseen new functions in the future? In the future, how might disused airport infrastructure possibly be recycled? The publication is therefore the outcome of an Urban Planning workshop held during the academic year and considering the theme airport and landscape, taking as its starting point the study of an area in north east Italy near the city of Treviso, more precisely, the area surrounding the low cost civil airport of Quinto di Treviso and the militar y airfield of Istrana. Treviso Canova airport is the paradigm of that extensive network of airports located near minor towns and cities which has been developing in Europe over the last ten years or so with the advent of low cost air companies. Initially a RETHINKING TREVISO AIRPORT URBANISM 15

18 militar y airfield, then from the end of the 1950s converted to civil use to ser ve the city of Venice, since the beginning of the 2000s, it has grown into one of north east Italy s most utilised low cost airports, progressively increasing its volume of traffic and expanding its runways and the terminal over the years. Istrana airport, on the other hand, is a militar y airfield constructed in the 1950s which will gradually be abandoned over the next few years due to lack of use and high operating costs. The decision to study Treviso was not a random choice. Firstly, the infrastructural, environmental and social conditions in the study area make it extremely complex. Canova airport is located in a protected natural area along Europe s longest resurgence river, the Sile, and the aviation activities, incompatible with the ecological characteristics of the area, clearly give rise to obvious contradictions. Taking the environmental issues as its starting point, this study sets out to rethink the area, paying attention not just to infrastructural aspects, but above all studying the water systems, green spaces, residential areas, historical heritage sites, abandoned industrial sites and local inhabitants. The real protagonist of the study is thus the local area as a whole and in all its complexity. From the study, the landscape and city sometimes emerge as spectators, rather than actors, leaving the (in)visible hand of the capitalist system to design the places. The rapid spatial transformations are often not guided by comparative or critical studies, but rather seem to be disciplined by precise commercial logics which identify in the weakness of urban planning tools a potential to be exploited to their advantage. The randomness of the initiatives and absence of integrated global projects allow the spread of an urban production model which passively follows the dynamics and dynamism of the market, flexible in embracing the new paradigms of consumption, but incapable and impotent to govern and understand the systems of local change. Precisely to avoid being subordinate to the economic forces, pressures of speculation, chance and the immediacy of decision-making, this study therefore intends to adopt a methodological approach which interprets the landscape in its entirety. Secondly, the intention was to apply my research on ecological airport 16 INTRODUCTION

19 STUDY AREA On this page, the study area and principal local elements. TREVISO CITY CENTER CANOVA AIRPORT ISTRANA AIRPORT SANT ANGELO CHURCH FONTANASSO SPRING ISTRANA QUINTO DI TREVISO PAESE WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT OLD RAILWAY LINE TREVISO OSTIGLIA CURRENT RAILWAY LINE POSTUMIA ROAD SILE RIVER RETHINKING TREVISO AIRPORT URBANISM 17

20 LANDSCAPE TransfORMATIONS Left: urban evolution of the study area. Canova airfield was transformed into a civil airport in the 1930s. With construction of the terminal in 1953, the airport was opened to the public. Until the opening of Venice Tessera airport in 1960, Canova airport was the airport closest to the nearby city of Venice. The airport of Treviso-Istrana was built in 1954 for military purposes. Source data: GAI Flight, ; Reven flight, ; Reven flight, 1978; Ortophoto AGEA, Right: historic evolution of the Sile riverbed located next to Canova airport. Water capacity progressively decreases down the centuries. Source data: GAI Flight, ; Reven flight, ; Reven flight, 1978; Ortophoto AGEA, RESEARCH BY DESIGN