HP OpenVMS System Manager s Manual, Volume 2: Tuning, Monitoring, and Complex Systems

Transcription

1 HP OpenVMS System Manager s Manual, Volume 2: Tuning, Monitoring, and Complex Systems OpenVMS This manual supersedes the HP OpenVMS System Manager s Manual, Volume 2: Tuning, Monitoring, and Complex Systems, OpenVMS Version Manufacturing Part Number: AA-PV5NH-TK September 2003 Copyright 2003 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.

2 Legal Notice Intel is a trademark or registered trademark of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries. UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group. Windows and Windows NT are U.S. registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. The only warranties for HP products and services are set forth in the express warranty statements accompanying such products and services. Nothing herein should be construed as constituting an additional warranty. HP shall not be liable for technical or editorial errors or omissions contained herein. Proprietary computer software. Valid license from HP required for possession, use or copying. Consistent with FAR and , Commercial Computer Software, Computer Software Documentation, and Technical Data for Commercial Items are licensed to the U.S. Government under vendor's standard commercial license. The HP OpenVMS documentation set is available on CD-ROM. ZK6259 2

3 Contents 1. Managing System Parameters Understanding System Parameters Default, Current, and Active Values Pages and Pagelets Recommended Method for Changing Parameter Values Converting Your Customized Parameter Settings for Use with AUTOGEN Understanding the AUTOGEN Command Procedure AUTOGEN Feedback Feedback Report (AGEN$PARAMS.REPORT) AUTOGEN Phases AUTOGEN Parameter File (MODPARAMS.DAT) Modifying System Parameters with AUTOGEN Controlling AUTOGEN's Parameter Settings with MODPARAMS.DAT Specifying a Minimum Required Age for Feedback (VAX Only) Including an External Parameter File in MODPARAMS.DAT Turning Off Logging of DCL Statements Automating AUTOGEN Reports Changing Parameter Values After Reviewing AUTOGEN Reports Managing System Parameters with SYSMAN Understanding Parameter Values and SYSMAN Showing Parameter Values with SYSMAN Modifying a Parameter File with SYSMAN Modifying Active Values with SYSMAN Managing System Parameters with SYSGEN Understanding Parameter Values and SYSGEN Showing Parameter Values with SYSGEN Modifying the System Parameter File with SYSGEN Modifying Active Values with SYSGEN Creating a New Parameter File with SYSGEN Modifying System Parameters with a Conversational Boot Tuning BAP System Parameters Managing Page, Swap, and Dump Files Understanding Dump Files Using the Page File to Store System Crash Dumps Understanding Types of System Dumps Understanding Page and Swap Files Displaying Information About Page and Swap Files Manually Calculating Appropriate Sizes for Dump, Page, and Swap Files Calculating System Dump File Size Calculating Error Log Dump File Size Calculating Page File Size Calculating Swap File Size Minimizing System Dump File Size When Disk Space Is Insufficient Understanding the Order of Information in a Selective System Dump Fine-Tuning the Order That Processes Are Written in Selective System Dumps (Alpha Only)

4 Contents Writing the System Dump File to the System Disk System Dump to System Disk on Alpha System Dump to System Disk on VAX Writing the System Dump File to an Alternate Disk DOSD Requirements on Alpha Systems DOSD Requirements on VAX Systems Using SDA to Analyze the Contents of a Crash Dump Using SDA CLUE Commands to Analyze Crash Dump Files (Alpha Only) Understanding CLUE (Alpha Only) Displaying Data Using SDA CLUE Commands (Alpha Only) Using SDA CLUE with Dump Off System Disk (Alpha Only) Using CLUE to Obtain Historical Information About Crash Dumps (VAX Only) Understanding CLUE (VAX Only) Displaying Data Using CLUE (VAX Only) Saving the Contents of the System Dump File After a System Failure Copying System Dump Files to Tape or Disk Freeing Dump Information from the Page File Freeing Dump Information on VAX and Alpha Systems Usage Notes for Freeing Information on VAX and Alpha Systems Installing Page and Swap Files Installing Interactively Installing in SYPAGSWPFILES.COM Removing Page, Swap, and Dump Files Creating and Modifying Page, Swap, and Dump Files Using AUTOGEN (Recommended Method) Using SWAPFILES.COM Using SYSGEN Understanding Process Dumps Understanding Privileged Users and Access to Process Dumps (Alpha Only) Granting Access to Process Dumps (Alpha Only) Restricting Access to Process Dumps (Alpha Only) Performance Considerations Understanding Performance Management Knowing Your Work Load Choosing a Work Load Management Strategy Distributing the Work Load Understanding System Tuning Predicting When Tuning Is Required Evaluating Tuning Success Choosing Performance Options Expanding System Libraries Determining Disk Space Available to Expand Libraries Using the Library Decompression Utility (LIBDECOMP.COM) Using the LIBRARY Command with the /DATA Qualifier Using INSTALL to Install Known Images

5 Contents Understanding Images and Known Images Understanding Known File Entries Understanding Attributes You Can Assign to Known Images Determining Which Images to Install Installing Images to Improve Image Activation Performance Installing Images with Shared Address Data Installing Images to Conserve Physical Memory Installing Images to Enhance Privileges of Images Activating Images in a Privileged Context Specifying File Names in INSTALL Installing Images with INSTALL Displaying Known Images with INSTALL Defining Logical Names for Shareable Image Files Removing Known Images Reserved Memory Registry Using the Reserved Memory Registry Removing Entries from the Reserved Memory Registry Application Configuration Managing File System Data Caches Understanding Caching Understanding File System Data Caches Disabling Caching Clusterwide Mounting a Volume With Caching Disabled Managing XFC (Alpha Only) Ensuring that XFC Interoperates with Older Versions Controlling the Size of the Cache Controlling the Maximum Cached I/O Size Disabling Caching for a File Disabling Read-Ahead Caching Monitoring Performance Managing the Virtual I/O Cache Understanding How the Cache Works Selecting VIOC on an Alpha System Controlling the Size of the Cache Displaying VIOC Statistics Enabling VIOC Determining if VIOC is Enabled Memory Allocation and VIOC Adjusting VIOC Size VIOC and OpenVMS Cluster Configurations Testing the System with UETP Overview Understanding UETP Summary of How to Use UETP

6 Contents Preparing to Use UETP Logging In Using the SYSTEST Directories Setting Up the Devices to Be Tested Check Your Devices System Disk Space Required How UETP Works on Disks Prepare Disk Drives Magnetic Tape Drives Tape Cartridge Drives Compact Disc Drives Optical Disk Drives Terminals and Line Printers Ethernet Adapters DR11 W Data Interface (VAX Only) DRV11 WA Data Interface (VAX Only) DR750 or DR780 (DR32 Interface) (VAX Only) Second LPA11 K Device Devices That Are Not Tested OpenVMS Cluster Testing Testing a Small-Disk System DECnet for OpenVMS Phase Vector Processors and the VVIEF (VAX Only) Starting UETP Running a Subset of Phases Single Run Versus Multiple Passes Defining User Load for Load Test Report Formats Stopping a UETP Operation Using Ctrl/Y Using DCL Commands Using Ctrl/C Troubleshooting: An Overview Error Logging and Diagnostics Interpreting UETP Output Displaying Information on Your Screen Example Screen Display (VAX Only) Example Screen Display (Alpha Only) Defining a Remote Node for UETP Ethernet Testing Log Files Troubleshooting: Possible UETP Errors Summary of Common Failures Wrong Quotas, Privileges, or Account UETINIT01 Failure UETVECTOR Failure (VAX Only) Device Allocated or in Use by Another Application

7 Contents Insufficient Disk Space Incorrect Setup of an OpenVMS Cluster System Problems During the Load Test DECnet for OpenVMS Error Errors Logged but Not Displayed No PCB or Swap Slots No Keyboard Response or System Disk Activity Lack of Default Access for the FAL Object Bugchecks and Machine Checks UETP Tests and Phases Initialization Phase Device Test Phase System Load Test Phase DECnet for OpenVMS Test Phase Cluster-Integration Test Phase Getting Information About the System Understanding System Log Files Understanding Error Logging Using the Error Formatter Restarting the ERRFMT Process Maintaining Error Log Files Using ERRFMT to Send Mail Using the Error Log Report Formatter (ERF) Understanding the Error Log Report Formatter (ERF) Producing ERF Reports Producing a Full ERF Report Using Other ERF Report Options Using DECevent Understanding DECevent Invoking and Exiting DECevent Using DECevent Qualifiers Using Additional DECevent Commands Producing DECevent Reports DECevent Restrictions Using the Error Log Viewer (ELV) Understanding the Error Log Viewer (ELV) Invoking ELV Principal ELV Commands Standard Reports Using the TRANSLATE Command Setting Up, Maintaining, and Printing the Operator Log File Understanding the Operator Log File Understanding OPCOM Messages Setting Up the Operator Log File Maintaining the Operator Log File Printing the Operator Log File

8 Contents Using Security Auditing Understanding Security Auditing Displaying Security Auditing Information Delaying Startup of Auditing Enabling Security Auditing for Additional Classes Disabling Security Auditing Enabling a Terminal to Receive Alarm Messages Generating Security Reports Creating a New Version of the Security Audit Log File Monitoring Operating System Performance Understanding MONITOR Invoking MONITOR Using Live Display Monitoring Using Live Recording Monitoring Using Concurrent Display and Recording Monitoring Using Playback Monitoring Using Remote Playback Monitoring Rerecording Monitoring Running MONITOR Continuously Using Remote Monitoring Tracking Resource Use Understanding Accounting Files Determining Which Resources Are Being Tracked Controlling Which Resources Are Tracked Starting Up a New Accounting File Moving the Accounting File Producing Reports of Resource Use Setting Up Accounting Groups Monitoring Disk Space OpenVMS Cluster Considerations Understanding OpenVMS Cluster Systems Setting Up an OpenVMS Cluster Environment Clusterwide System Management Using HP DECamds to Analyze Data Using SHOW CLUSTER Understanding SHOW CLUSTER Beginning to Use SHOW CLUSTER Commands Adding Information to a Report Controlling the Display of Data Formatting the Display of Data Creating a Startup Initialization File Using Command Procedures Containing SHOW CLUSTER Commands Understanding SYSMAN and OpenVMS Cluster Management Using SYSMAN to Manage Security

9 Contents Modifying the Group Number and Password Using the SYSMAN Command DO to Manage an OpenVMS Cluster Network Considerations OpenVMS Networking Software Options Choosing HP Networking Software Understanding HP TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS Support for OpenVMS Cluster Systems TCP/IP Services Management Tools and Utilities Preparing to Join a TCP/IP Network Installing and Configuring TCP/IP Services Starting and Stopping TCP/IP Services TCP/IP Services Documentation Understanding DECnet-Plus for OpenVMS Networking Software DECnet-Plus Node Names Support for OpenVMS Cluster Systems DECnet-Plus Management Tools and Utilities Preparing to Join a DECnet-Plus Network Installing and Configuring DECnet-Plus Using DECnet Over TCP/IP Moving Your DECnet Phase IV Network to DECnet-Plus Starting and Stopping DECnet-Plus DECnet-Plus Documentation Managing the Local Area Network (LAN) Software Understanding Local Area Networks LAN Characteristics LAN Addresses Managing Local Area Networks Understanding the LANACP LAN Server Process Running the LANACP LAN Server Process Stopping the LANACP LAN Server Process Understanding the LANCP Utility Invoking and Running LANCP LANCP Commands LANCP Miscellaneous Functions Managing LAN Devices Displaying System Devices Displaying Device Characteristics Setting Device Characteristics Managing the LAN Device Databases Displaying Devices in the LAN Device Databases Entering Devices into the LAN Device Databases Deleting Devices from the LAN Device Databases Managing the LAN Node Databases Displaying Nodes in the LAN Node Databases

10 Contents Entering Nodes into the LAN Node Databases Deleting Nodes from the LAN Node Databases Understanding LAN MOP Coexistence with DECnet MOP Migrating from DECnet MOP to LAN MOP Using CLUSTER_CONFIG_LAN.COM and LAN MOP Sample Satellite Load Cross-Architecture Booting Managing the LAN MOP Downline Load Service Enabling MOP Downline Load Service Disabling MOP Downline Load Service Displaying the Status and Counters Data Displaying the Status and Counters Data for Individual Nodes Clearing the Counters Data OPCOM Messages Load Trace Facility MOP Console Carrier MOP Trigger Boot Understanding LAN Failover Creating a LAN Failover Set Removing a LAN Failover Set Setting the Priority of a LAN Failover Participant Enabling LAN Failover Disabling LAN Failover Displaying LAN Failover Characteristics Validating a LAN Failover Set Illustration of LAN Failover Managing InfoServer Systems Understanding InfoServer Functions Automatic Service Policies for Multiple Servers High-Availability Feature to Reduce Service Interruptions Support for X Terminal Clients Understanding LASTport Protocols LASTport Transport Protocol LASTport/Disk Protocol LASTport/Tape Protocol Establishing a Server Management Session Server Management Commands Understanding InfoServer Client for OpenVMS Functions Understanding LASTCP Utility Functions Invoking and Exiting the LASTCP Utility LASTCP Command Summary Starting InfoServer Client for OpenVMS Software Automatically InfoServer Client Can Fail to Start If DECnet Is Started or Stopped Multiple Controllers Configured But Not All Attached to Media (Alpha Only)

11 Contents Startup Restrictions: PATHWORKS and RSM Startup Restrictions: SYSMAN User Account Requirements System Parameter MAXBUF Requirement Understanding LADCP Utility Functions Invoking and Exiting the LADCP Utility LADCP Command Summary Making InfoServer Devices Available Automatically Managing the LAT Software Understanding the LAT Protocol How the LAT Protocol Works Advantages of the LAT Protocol Understanding the LAT Network Service Nodes Terminal Server Nodes Nodes Allowing Outgoing Connections Components of a LAT Network Understanding LAT Configurations LAT Relationship to OpenVMS Clusters and DECnet Using Multiple LAN Adapters Large Buffers in Ethernet/FDDI Configurations Understanding the LATCP Utility Invoking and Exiting LATCP LATCP Commands Starting Up the LAT Protocol Customizing LAT Characteristics Creating Additional Services Setting Up Ports Queuing Incoming Requests Enabling Outgoing LAT Connections Sample Edited LAT$SYSTARTUP.COM Procedure Managing the LATACP Database Size Managing DECdtm Services Understanding Transaction Logs Planning Transaction Logs Deciding the Size of a Transaction Log Deciding the Location of a Transaction Log Planning for a DECnet-Plus Network Planning Your DECnet-Plus Namespace Planning SCSNODE Names in Your DECnet-Plus Network Creating Transaction Logs Monitoring Transaction Performance Checking Whether a Transaction Log Is Too Small Changing the Size of a Transaction Log

12 Contents Moving a Transaction Log Dismounting a Disk Adding a Node Removing a Node Disabling DECdtm Services Enabling DECdtm Services Using the XA Gateway (Alpha Only) Gateway Configuration Managing Special Processing Environments Understanding Multiprocessing Primary and Secondary Processors Available and Active Sets Processor Capabilities Managing SMP Environments Creating a Multiprocessing Environment Monitoring a Multiprocessing Environment Understanding Vector Processing VAX Support for Vector Processing (VAX Only) VAX Vector Instruction Emulation Facility (VAX Only) Managing the Vector Processing Environment (VAX Only) Loading the Vector Processing Support Code (VAX Only) Configuring a Vector Processing System (VAX Only) Managing Vector Processes (VAX Only) Restricting Access to the Vector Processor by Using ACLs (VAX Only) Obtaining Information About a Vector Processing System (VAX Only) Loading the VAX Vector Instruction Emulation Facility (VVIEF) (VAX Only) A. Files-11 Disk Structure Disk Concepts Logical Organization of a Disk Physical Organization of a Disk Files-11 Structure File Identification (FID) ODS Directory Hierarchies Reserved Files Index File, INDEXF.SYS Storage Bitmap File, BITMAP.SYS Bad Block File, BADBLK.SYS Master File Directory Core Image File, CORIMG.SYS Volume Set List File, VOLSET.SYS Continuation File, CONTIN.SYS Backup Log File, BACKUP.SYS Pending Bad Block Log File, BADLOG.SYS Quota File, QUOTA.SYS

13 Contents Volume Security Profile, SECURITY.SYS Files-11 ODS Level 1 (VAX Only) Versus Levels 2 and B. Tables of Time Differential Factors C. HP MIB Subagents Implemented on OpenVMS Alpha HP Server MIB Subagents Overview of DSM Subagents Setting up the System to Use the DSM Subagents HP Cluster MIB Subagents Overview of DCM Subagents Setting Up the System to Use the DCM Subagents Glossary Index

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15 Tables Table 1-1. Controlling AUTOGEN Table 1-2. AUTOGEN Phases Table 1-3. SYSMAN PARAMETERS Commands Table 1-4. SYSGEN Commands Used with System Parameters Table 2-1. Definitions of Physical and Selective System Dumps Table 2-2. Paging and Swapping Terminology Table 2-3. Comparison of Physical and Selective System Dump Files Table 2-4. Symbols for Controlling the Total Size of Page, Swap, System Dump, or Error Log Dump File Space Table 2-5. Symbols for Controlling the Size of Individual Page and Swap Files Table 3-1. Libraries Recognized by LIBDECOMP.COM Table 3-2. Attributes of Known Images Table 5-1. Device Tests (VAX Only) Table 5-2. Device Tests (Alpha Only) Table 6-1. System Log Files Table 6-2. Parts of the Error Logging Subsystem Table 6-3. Types of Events Reported in the Error Log File Table 6-4. ERF Report Options Table 6-5. Primary Qualifiers Table 6-6. (Optional) Secondary Qualifiers Table 6-7. Types of Events That ELV Fully Supports Table 6-8. Types of Events That ELV Partially Supports Table 6-9. Principal ELV Commands Table Standard Report Detail Levels Table Event Classes Audited by Default Table Types of MONITOR Classes Table MONITOR Classes Table MONITOR Command Procedures Table Remote Monitoring Compatibility in an OpenVMS Cluster System Table 8-1. Fields in Default SHOW CLUSTER Report Table 8-2. SHOW CLUSTER Qualifiers Table 8-3. Classes of Information Available in SHOW CLUSTER Reports Table 8-4. SYSMAN CONFIGURATION Commands Table 9-1. Choosing HP Networking Software for OpenVMS Systems Table 9-2. HP Networking Software Interoperability Options Table 9-3. HP TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS Documentation Table 9-4. DECnet-Plus for OpenVMS Documentation Table Characteristics of LAN Media Table LAN System Management Enhancements Table LANACP System Logical Names Table Functions of the LANCP Utility Table Invoking the LANCP Utility Table LANCP Commands

16 Tables Table LAN Devices Table SHOW DEVICE Command Qualifiers Table DEFINE DEVICE and SET DEVICE Command Qualifiers Table LIST DEVICE and SHOW DEVICE Command Qualifiers Table DEFINE NODE and SET NODE Command Qualifiers Table LIST NODE and SHOW NODE Command Qualifiers Table CONNECT NODE Command Qualifiers Table TRIGGER NODE Command Qualifiers Table Summary of InfoServer Commands Table Summary of LASTCP Commands Table Summary of LADCP Commands Table LATCP Commands Table Settings of VECTOR_PROC System Parameter (VAX Only) Table A-1. Reserved Files Table A-2. Contents of Files--11 Index File Table A-3. Areas of Data in File Headers Table A-4. Limitations on Files--11 Structure Level 1 Volumes Table B-1. TDFs for Europe Table B-2. TDFs for North America Table B-3. TDFs for Central and South America Table B-4. TDFs for Asia Table B-5. TDFs for the South Pacific Table B-6. TDFs for Antarctica Table C-1. DSM System Subagent Objects Implemented on OpenVMS Alpha Table C-2. DSM Management Subagent Objects Implemented on OpenVMS Alpha Table C-3. DSM Management Subagent Traps Implemented on OpenVMS Alpha Table C-4. DCM Subagent Objects Implemented on OpenVMS

17 Figures Figure 1-1. Old and New Parameter Values Figure 1-2. SYSMAN Temporary, Active, and Current Parameter Values Figure 1-3. SYSGEN Temporary, Active, and Current Parameter Values Figure 8-1. SHOW CLUSTER Default Display Figure 8-2. SHOW CLUSTER Display with CLUSTER Report Figure LAN Failover Figure InfoServer System Serving Clients Figure Components of a LAT Network Figure Multiple Address LAT Configuration: One LAN with Mixed-Version LAT Nodes Figure Multiple Address LAT Configuration: Two LANs with Mixed Version LAT Nodes. 333 Figure Multiple Address LAT Configuration: Two LANs with Version 5.3 LAT Nodes Figure Unsupported Multiple Address LAT Configuration Figure LAT FDDI Ring and Large Buffers Figure Managing DECdtm Services Figure Transaction Group Figure A-1. File Extents Figure A-2. Tracks and Cylinders

18 Figures 18

19 Preface The HP OpenVMS System Manager s Manual, Volume 2: Tuning, Monitoring, and Complex Systems is Volume 2 of the HP OpenVMS System Manager s Manual two-volume set. Intended Audience This guide is intended for HP OpenVMS system managers. HP OpenVMS System Manager s Manual, Volume 2: Tuning, Monitoring, and Complex Systems assumes that readers are familiar with OpenVMS concepts and operation, and does not cover basic OpenVMS information. Document Structure This guide contains the following chapters and appendixes: Chapter 1, Managing System Parameters, on page 23 Chapter 2, Managing Page, Swap, and Dump Files, on page 63 Chapter 3, Performance Considerations, on page 101 Chapter 4, Managing File System Data Caches, on page 131 Chapter 5, Testing the System with UETP, on page 145 Chapter 6, Getting Information About the System, on page 183 Chapter 7, Tracking Resource Use, on page 233 Chapter 8, OpenVMS Cluster Considerations, on page 241 Chapter 9, Network Considerations, on page 261 Chapter 10, Managing the Local Area Network (LAN) Software, on page 275 Chapter 11, Managing InfoServer Systems, on page 309 Chapter 12, Managing the LAT Software, on page 325 Chapter 13, Managing DECdtm Services, on page 349 Chapter 14, Managing Special Processing Environments, on page 375 Appendix A, Files-11 Disk Structure, on page 385 Appendix B, Tables of Time Differential Factors, on page 395 Appendix C, HP MIB Subagents Implemented on OpenVMS Alpha, on page 399 Glossary on page 413 Related Documents The following manuals contain OpenVMS information that might be useful in conjunction with the HP OpenVMS System Manager s Manual: HP OpenVMS System Management Utilities Reference Manual OpenVMS User s Manual 19

20 OpenVMS Software Overview 1 The current version of the Upgrade and Installation Manual for your system HP OpenVMS Guide to System Security OpenVMS Performance Management OpenVMS Cluster Systems and Guidelines for OpenVMS Cluster Configurations HP TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS Installation and Configuration HP TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS Management HP TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS Management Command Reference HP TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS Tuning and Troubleshooting DECnet-Plus for OpenVMS Introduction and User s Guide DECnet-Plus Planning Guide DECnet-Plus for OpenVMS Applications Installation and Advanced Configuration DECnet-Plus Network Control Language Reference For additional information about HP OpenVMS products and services, see the following World Wide Web address: Reader's Comments HP welcomes your comments on this manual. Please send comments to either of the following addresses: Internet: openvmsdoc@hp.com Postal Mail: Hewlett-Packard Company OSSG Documentation Group ZKO3-4/U Spit Brook Road Nashua, NH How to Order Additional Documentation For information about how to order additional documentation, visit the following World Wide Web address : 1 This manual has been archived but is available on the OpenVMS Documentation CD-ROM. 20