Simple Alarm System WIRELESS AND REMOTE CONTROLLED PERSONAL APPLIANCE CODE WORD ORGANIZATION TRANSMISSION FORMAT
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1 Simple Alarm System WIRELESS AND REMOTE CONTROLLED PERSONAL APPLIANCE Author: Kirill Yelizarov V. Moscow Power Engineering Institute Moscow, Russia The alarm system discussed in this application note may be used to guard cars and homes. It is based on two PIC12C508s (one is used in the transmitter and the other one, in the main unit). The transmitter uses an infrared beam to send code names to the main unit. It has two commands: arm and disarm alarm. The code is fixed and is 64 bits long. When in disarm mode, it works like a central locking mechanism, and in arm mode, this feature is blocked. Start and stop bits are separate and are 3T. The start bit is used to synchronize two RC generators in the main unit and in the receiver. Code word transmission format is shown in Figure 1. The main period is 400 µs, with 14 µs active pulse (except the first one pulse which is 20 µs). This format is ideal for infrared transmitters, since it saves battery power. With two 3V lithium batteries, the transmitter will work for more than a year with about six transmissions per day. Code word organization is shown in Figure 2. Only two bits of the first four bits are used. It took about 400 ms to send a transmission. FIGURE 2: CODE WORD ORGANIZATION FIGURE 1: CODE WORD TRANSMISSION FORMAT Microchip Technology Incorporated, has been granted a nonexclusive, worldwide license to reproduce, publish and distribute all submitted materials, in either original or edited form. The author has affirmed that this work is an original, unpublished work and that he/she owns all rights to such work. All property rights, such as patents, copyrights and trademarks remain with author Microchip Technology Inc. DS40160A/6_003-page 1
2 TRANSMITTER PARTS LIST Capacitors: Diodes: Resistors: Miscellaneous: C1 470 µf (electrolytic) D1 D2 Infrared light emitting diodes R1 1 Ω R2 51 Ω U1 PIC12C508 programmed with transmitter code U2 2N2222 S1 S2 - normally open push-button switches MAIN UNIT PARTS LIST Capacitors: Diodes: Resistors: Miscellaneous: C1 47 µf (electrolytic) C2.1 µf C µf (electrolytic) D1 D10 Any type diodes D11 D14 high voltage diodes D15 1 amp rectifier LED Red light emitting diode R1 R8 (2 kω) R9 R11(100 kω) R12 R16 (1 kω) U1 PIC12C508 programmed with alarm code U2 78L05 U3 U7 (2N2222) The main unit is protected with a small 3V lithium battery. This is needed if thieves try to disconnect the car battery. Disconnecting both batteries and then reconnecting one, automatiy arms the main unit. The main unit is shown in Figure 3. DS40160A/6_003-page Microchip Technology Inc.
3 FIGURE 3: MAIN UNIT SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM Any amplifier with positive pulses can be connected to the infrared input (TBA2800 for example) QUICK CODE IDEAS This code has macro commands that are helpful in PICmicros with no interrupts. MICROCHIP TOOLS USED MPLAB for Windows/16 Version Assembler/Compiler version: MPASM v Microchip Technology Inc. DS40160A/6_003-page 3
4 SOURCE CODE Car Alarm System Main Unit ; Car Alarm System (Main Unit) Version 01 K 1997 ; Author: Kirill Yelizarov LIST INCLUDE INCLUDE alr97k01.pas P=PIC12C508, R=HEX p12c508.inc ;get password CONFIG _IntRC_OSC & _WDT_OFF & _CP_OFF & _MCLRE_OFF ALARM_TIME equ 0x0a ;in intrusion mode make 10 signals ;----- Infrared input #define IRinp,3 ;infrared input is connected to GP3 pin ;----- Alarm Main Functions Timing Table ;one tick (tk) equals to 32 ms ;----- LED #define LED,4 ;LED is connected to GP4 pin #define LED_d Flags,4 ;LED direction flag LED_f equ 0x06 ;LED flashing time (6 tk = 192 ms) LED_p equ 0x19 ;LED pause between flashes time (25 tk = 800 ms) ;----- Lights #define Lights,5 ;Lights are connected to GP5 pin #define Lights_d Flags,5;Lights direction flag Lights_f equ 0x0f ;lights flashing time (15 tk = 480 ms) Lights_p equ 0x10 ;lights pause between flashes (16 tk = 512 ms) ;----- Beep #define Beep,0 ;Horn is connected to GP0 pin #define Beep_d Flags,0 ;Beep direction flag Beep_f equ 0x0f ;beep activate time (15 tk = 480 ms) Beep_p equ 0x10 ;beep sleep time (16 tk = 512 ms) ;----- Lock doors #define DLock,2 ;Door lock relay and switch are connected to GP2 pin #define DLock_d Flags,2 ;Lock direction flag DLock_f equ 0x10 ;Lock activate time (16 tk = 512 ms) DLock_p equ 0x01 ;should always be one ;----- Unlock doors #define DUnlock,1 ;Door unlock relay and switch are connected to GP1 pin #define DUnlock_d Flags,1;Unlock direction flag DUnlock_f equ 0x10 ;Unlock activate time (16 tk = 512 ms) DUnlock_p equ 0x01 ;should always be one ;----- Input switch #define InSw,0 ;Intrusion switch is connected to GP0 #define InSw_f KeyFlags,0 ;Intrusion flag #define Intrusion AlarmFlags,2 ;----- Open switch #define OpenSw,1 ;Door open switch is connected to GP1 #define OpenSw_f KeyFlags,1 ;Door open flag #define Open SwitchFlags,1 ;----- Close switch #define CloseSw,2 ;Door close switch is connected to GP2 #define CloseSw_f KeyFlags,2 ;Door close flag #define Close SwitchFlags,2 DS40160A/6_003-page Microchip Technology Inc.
5 ;----- AlarmFlags bits NullFlag equ 7 IRFlag equ 6 Disarm equ 5 Arm equ 4 AlarmFlag equ 3 TimerFlag equ 1 BeepFlag equ 0 ;----- Local DATA IRCount equ 0x07 ;counter used in IRdelay IRCorrection equ 0x08 ;correction for infrared intervals AlarmFlags equ 0x09 ;alarm flags Flags equ 0x0a ;direction flags LED_c equ 0x0b ;LED counter Lights_c equ 0x0c ;Lights counter Beep_c equ 0x0d ;Beep counter DLock_c equ 0x0e ;Lock counter DUnlock_c equ 0x0f ;Unlock counter Dig1 equ 0x10 ;64 bit code Dig2 equ 0x11 Dig3 equ 0x12 Dig4 equ 0x13 Dig5 equ 0x14 Dig6 equ 0x15 Dig7 equ 0x16 Dig8 equ 0x17 KeyFlags equ 0x18 ;key flags used by macro TestKey AlarmCounter equ 0x19 ;alarm counter AlarmTris equ 0x1a ;alarm TRIS register SwitchFlags equ 0x1b ;switch flags used by central lock ;----- Macro Check macro r,rb,d,db,f,p,c local out,pas ;r - working bit ;d - direction flag ;f - flashing time (in ticks) (d flag is set) ;p - pause between flashes (in ticks) (d flag is cleared) ;c - counter ;delay 10us max decfsz c,f ;decrease counter out d,db ;check direction pas r,rb ;clear working bit d,db ;clear direction bit p ;read pause between flashes c ;and save it to counter out ;out from macro pas: bsf r,rb ;set working bit bsf d,db ;set direction bit f ;read flashing time c ;and save it to counter out: endm ;This macro is used to search closed key ;button de bounce is 32 ms ;Delay 7us max TestKey macro r,rb,f,fb,a,ab local out,reset,setact ;r - pin to test 1998 Microchip Technology Inc. DS40160A/6_003-page 5
6 ;f - pin flag (if pin r is low then set flag f, and check the next time pin r and flag f) ;a - actiun bit this pinb should be checked by the program and cleared by it setact: reset: out: r,rb ;if pin is high then out and reset flag reset f,fb ;skip if flag is cleared setact ;else go and set action bsf f,fb ;set flag and out out bsf a,ab ;set action f,fb ;and clear flag endm ;----- CODE org 0 Start ; S U B R O U T I N E S IRinp ;wait till IRinp becomes low clrf Dig1 ;~22 us clrf Dig2 clrf Dig3 clrf Dig4 clrf Dig5 clrf Dig6 clrf Dig7 clrf Dig8 0xb8 IRDelay ;delay 184*3-1+5=556 us 0xb8 IRDelay ;delay 184*3-1+5=556 us ;this is a special correction routine ;this is needed to sincronize transmitter and receiver, ;because they are clocked with internal RC generators clrf IRCorrection IRinp ;0 IRinp ;1 IRinp ;2 IRinp ;3 IRinp ;4 IRinp ;5 DS40160A/6_003-page Microchip Technology Inc.
7 IRinp ;6 IRinp ;7 IRinp ;8 IRinp ;9 IRinp ;10 IRinp ;11 IRinp ;12 IRinp ;13 IRinp ;14 IRinp ;15 IRinp ;16 IRinp ;17 IRinp ;18 IRinp ;19 IRinp ;20 IRinp ;21 IRinp ;22 IRinp ;23 IRinp ;24 IRinp ;25 IRinp ;26 IRinp ; Microchip Technology Inc. DS40160A/6_003-page 7
8 : IRinp ;28 IRinp ;29 IRinp ;30 IRinp ;31 IRinp ;32 IRinp ;33 IRinp ;34 IRinp ;35 BadRead 0x7d ;~4 us after start IRDelay ;delay 126*3-1+5=383 us bsf STATUS,C ;this STOP bit will end the loop NextDigit: Dig8,F Dig7,F Dig6,F Dig5,F Dig4,F Dig3,F Dig2,F Dig1,F STATUS,C ;check for STOP bit Compare bsf AlarmFlags,NullFlag ;Set the null flag RetryDigit: AlarmFlags,IRFlag ;1 us Reset bit read flag IRinp ;5th us look for a bit bsf AlarmFlags,IRFlag ;Set if bit read 0x23 IRCount StartCorrection: ;Delay 244+IRCorrection us movf IRCount,W ;for T=400 us delay 261 us subwf IRCorrection,W STATUS,C AddCorrection AddCorrection: decfsz IRCount,F StartCorrection DS40160A/6_003-page Microchip Technology Inc.
9 0x23 IRDelay ;Delay 35*3-1+5=109 us Set0: AlarmFlags,IRFlag ResetFlag AlarmFlags,NullFlag ;If flag is clear it was 1 Set0 bsf STATUS,C ;Set an overflow flag to read 1 NextDigit STATUS,C ;Reset an overflow flag to read 0 NextDigit ResetFlag: 0x02 IRDelay ;Delay 2*3-1+5=10 us AlarmFlags,NullFlag;Error if an overflow flag already reset BadRead AlarmFlags,NullFlag RetryDigit Compare: ;401th us IRinp ;405th us watch for clear bit BadRead 0x23 IRCount StartCorrection1: ;Delay 244+IRCorrection us movf IRCount,W ;for T=400 mks delay 261 us subwf IRCorrection,W STATUS,C AddCorrection1 AddCorrection1: decfsz IRCount,F StartCorrection1 ;compare received data with password PASS8 xorwf Dig8,W STATUS,Z BadCode xorwf xorwf xorwf PASS7 Dig7,W STATUS,Z BadCode PASS6 Dig6,W STATUS,Z BadCode PASS5 Dig5,W STATUS,Z BadCode 1998 Microchip Technology Inc. DS40160A/6_003-page 9
10 xorwf xorwf xorwf movf andlw xorlw PASS4 Dig4,W STATUS,Z BadCode PASS3 Dig3,W STATUS,Z BadCode PASS2 Dig2,W STATUS,Z BadCode Dig1,W b PASS1 STATUS,Z BadCode 0x20 ; IRDelay ;delay 32*3-1+5=100 us IRinp ;805 us BadRead 0x23 IRCount StartCorrection2: ;Delay 244+IRCorrection us movf IRCount,W ;for T=400 us delay 261 us subwf IRCorrection,W STATUS,C AddCorrection2 AddCorrection2: decfsz IRCount,F StartCorrection2 0x2b IRDelay ;delay 43*3-1+5=133 us IRinp ;5th us look for a STOP bit BadRead BadCode: BadRead: b andwf Dig1,W STATUS,Z BadRead iorwf AlarmFlags,F ;Save function (ON/OFF) retlw 0x00 bsf Intrusion ;Set an intrusion flag for bad code retlw 0x00 ;Delay for timing intervals where actual delay is ;W*3-1+5 us with 4MHz oscillator IRDelay IRCount DelayStart: decfsz IRCount,F DS40160A/6_003-page Microchip Technology Inc.
11 retlw DelayStart 0x00 ; M A I N Start: clrf b ;Dissable weak pull-ups and wake up on pin change option ;and set preser to 1:128 b ;Set GP4 an GP5 as output and the rest are inputs AlarmTris ;save data to alarm tris register tris clrf AlarmFlags ;clear alarm flags clrf Flags ;clear direction flags clrf SwitchFlags ;clear central lock switch flags 0x01 Beep_c Lights_c LED_c DLock_c DUnlock_c : IRinp ;Check IR input pin Skip: Tick: _Armed: TMR0,3 ;if timer0 highest bit is cleared Skip ;then check flag else Skip AlarmFlags,TimerFlag Tick bsf AlarmFlags,TimerFlag ;set TimerFlag TMR0,3 ;if timer0 highest bit is cleared AlarmFlags,TimerFlag ;then clear TimerFlag AlarmFlags,TimerFlag ;clear TimerFlag IRinp ;Check IR input pin Open _Open Close _Close AlarmFlags,AlarmFlag _Armed ;if falg is cleared it is arm mode _Disarmed Intrusion _Intrusion IRinp ;Check IR input pin Check LED,LED_d,LED_f,LED_p,LED_c;check LED (delay 10us) IRinp ;Check IR input pin TestKey InSw,InSw_f,Intrusion ;test intrusion switch (delay 7us) ALARM_TIME AlarmCounter ;set alarm counter AlarmFlags,Disarm DisarmAlarm _Intrusion: AlarmFlags,Disarm DisarmAlarm AlarmTris,0 ;set GP0 to be output 1998 Microchip Technology Inc. DS40160A/6_003-page 11
12 movf AlarmTris,W tris bsf LED ;turn on LED IRinp ;Check IR input pin Check Lights,Lights_d,Lights_f,Lights_p,Lights_c ;check Lights (delay 10us) IRinp ;Check IR input pin Check Beep,Beep_d,Beep_f,Beep_p,Beep_c ;check Beep (delay 10us) decfsz AlarmCounter,F Intrusion bsf AlarmTris,0 ;set GP0 to be input movf AlarmTris,W tris LED ;turn off LED _Disarmed: LED ;turn LED off IRinp ;Check IR input pin TestKey OpenSw,OpenSw_f,Open ;test open switch (delay 7us) IRinp ;Check IR input pin TestKey CloseSw,CloseSw_f,Close ;test close switch (delay 7us) AlarmFlags,Arm ArmAlarm _Open: _Close: AlarmTris,1 ;set GP1 to be output movf AlarmTris,W tris IRinp ;Check IR input pin Check DUnlock,DUnlock_d,DUnlock_f,DUnlock_p,DUnlock_c;check Unlock (delay 10us) DUnlock_d ;wait till direction flag changes its state bsf AlarmTris,1 ;set GP1 to be input Open movf AlarmTris,W tris AlarmTris,2 ;set GP2 to be output movf AlarmTris,W tris IRinp ;Check IR input pin Check DLock,DLock_d,DLock_f,DLock_p,DLock_c;check Lock (delay 10us) DLock ;wait till direction flag changes its state bsf AlarmTris,2 ;set GP2 to be input Close movf AlarmTris,W tris ArmAlarm: bsf AlarmFlags,Arm Close DisarmAlarm: DS40160A/6_003-page Microchip Technology Inc.
13 bsf AlarmFlags,Disarm Open org 0x1ff b ;set OSCCAL end 1998 Microchip Technology Inc. DS40160A/6_003-page 13
14 Car Alarm System - Transmitter ;Car Alarm System (Transmitter) v ;Author: Kirill Yelizarov LIST INCLUDE INCLUDE P=PIC12C508, R=HEX p12c508.inc alr97k01.pas ;get password CONFIG _ExtRC_OSC & _WDT_OFF & _CP_OFF & _MCLRE_OFF ;----- Port bits IRLED equ 2 ;Infrared LED pin ;----- Local DATA SFRs Count equ 0x07 DelayCountequ 0x08 DelayCountLowequ 0x09 DelayCountHiequ 0x0a ;----- Password SFRs Dig1 equ 0x10 Dig2 equ 0x11 Dig3 equ 0x12 Dig4 equ 0x13 Dig5 equ 0x14 Dig6 equ 0x15 Dig7 equ 0x16 Dig8 equ 0x17 ;----- CODE org 0 STATUS,GPWUF Transmit clrf b ;Enable weak pull-up on GP0 and GP1 option ;and wake up on pin change b ;Set GP2 as output and the rest are inputs tris _Sleep ;Delay for timing intervals where actual delay is ;W*3-1+5 us with 4MHz oscillator Delay DelayCount DelayStart: decfsz DelayCount,F DelayStart retlw 0x00 ;Delay for key de bounce where actual delay is ;W ms with 4MHz oscillator LongDelay DelayCountHi clrf DelayCountLow DelayLoop: sz DelayCountLow,F DelayLoop decfsz DelayCountHi,F DelayLoop retlw 0x00 Transmit: comf,w ;read and invert DS40160A/6_003-page Microchip Technology Inc.
15 andlw b STATUS,Z ;check if a button is pressed _Sleep ;if not go to sleep 0x1e LongDelay ;wait for 30 ms comf,w ;read and invert again andlw b STATUS,Z ;check if a button is still pressed _Sleep ;if not go to sleep xorlw PASS1 ;xor pressed buttons with PASS1 digit Dig1 ;assign password swapf Dig1,W PASS2 Dig2 PASS3 Dig3 PASS4 Dig4 PASS5 Dig5 PASS6 Dig6 PASS7 Dig7 PASS8 Dig8 0x40 Count ;64 bits transmission bsf,irled ;Send START bit ;each bit is a 14 us pulse ;but the Start one is 20 us 0x04 Delay ;delay 4*3-1+5=16 us,irled 0xc3 Delay ;delay195*3-1+5=589 us 0xc2 Delay ;delay194*3-1+5=586 us NextDig: bsf,irled ;Send another bit STATUS,C Dig8,F Dig7,F Dig6,F Dig5,F Dig4,F Dig3,F Dig2,F Dig1,F ;rotate 64 bits to get the next bit ;to transmit and place it into STATUS,C,IRLED 0x0a Delay ;delay 10*3-1+5=34 us STATUS,C ;if STATUS,C is low Send0 ;then delay between bits is 400 us 1998 Microchip Technology Inc. DS40160A/6_003-page 15
16 0x84 ;else add another 400 us Delay ;delay 132*3-1+5=400 us Send0: 0x71 Delay ;delay 113*3-1+5=343 us decfsz Count,F ;last bit is not reached NextDig bsf,irled ;send END bit 0x02 Delay ;delay 2*3-1+5=10 us,irled 0xc4 Delay ;delay196*3-1+5=592 us 0xc3 Delay ;delay195*3-1+5=589 us _Sleep: bsf,irled ;send STOP bit 0x02 Delay ;delay 2*3-1+5=10 us,irled sleep ;go to sleep org 0x1ff b ;set OSCCAL end DS40160A/6_003-page Microchip Technology Inc.
17 Alarm Pass PASS1 equ 0x01 PASS2 equ 0x23 PASS3 equ 0x45 PASS4 equ 0x67 PASS5 equ 0x89 PASS6 equ 0xab PASS7 equ 0xcd PASS8 equ 0xef 1998 Microchip Technology Inc. DS40160A/6_003-page 17
18 NOTES: DS40160A/6_003-page Microchip Technology Inc.
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