Verification of the possibility to employ the electronic Nose in the diagnosis of Anoplophora chinensis, on standing trees.

Transcription

1 Verification of the possibility to employ the electronic Nose in the diagnosis of Anoplophora chinensis, on standing trees. PRELIMINARY EXPLORATIVE STAGE ASSESSMENT OF THE RESULTS

2 Experimental three-years plan Sampling of symptomatic subjects Sampling of healthy subjects Confirmation of the presence/absence of Anoplophora Statistical processing of the obtained data Identification of the unknown samples Demetra Regione Lombardia Ersaf

3 The Device The electronic Nose is an instrument which comprises an array of electronic chemical sensors with partial specificity and an appropriate pattern recognition system, capable of recognizing simple or complex odours (Gardner e Bartlett, 1994)

4 Spectrum of detection of the sensors Sensor number Sensor Sensor sensitivity and general description Reference 1 W1C Aromatic compounds Toluene, 10 mgkg -1 2 W5S Wide range of sensitivity to different chemical compounds, reacts with oxides of nitrogen NO 2, 1 mgkg -1 3 W3C Ammonia, used as a sensor for aromatic compounds Benzene, 10 mgkg -1 4 W6S Selective for hydrogen H 2, 100 µgkg -1 5 W5C Alkanes, aromatic compounds, less polar compounds Propano, 1 mgkg -1 6 W1S Sensitive to natural gas about 10 mgkg-1, a wide spectrum such as the number 8 CH4, 100 mgkg -1 7 W1W Reacts with sulfur compounds, H2S 0.1 mgkg-1. Sensitive also to many organic sulfur compounds and terpenes. H 2 S, 1 mgkg -1 8 W2S Detects alcohols and organic sulfur compounds CO, 100 mgkg -1 9 W2W Aromatic compounds, organic sulfur compounds H 2 S, 1 mgkg W3S High concentrations of methane and aliphatic compounds (> 100 mg / kg) CH4, 10 CH4, 100 mgkg -1

5 Recognizing system of the odours

6 Data processing

7 Active research projects Early diagnosis of the decay of the root systems Early diagnosis of the presence of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus

8 Experimentation on trees Evaluation of diagnostic capability of wood samples inoculated (LAB) Evaluation of diagnostic ability of soil samples inoculated (LAB) Evaluation of diagnostic capabilities of trees standing (FIELD)

9 Building database Analysis of all the air samples on the basis of the presence of fungal infection Healthy Diseased

10 Building database Analysis of all air samples on the basis of the causal agent of disease M.giganteus Armilaria sp. Health Ganoderma sp. Perenniporia sp.

11 Analysis of unknown samples No sample No trees Tree species 1 47 Cinnamomum glanduliferum 2 49 Brachychiton populneus 3 75 Ficus carica 4 22 Acer negundo 5 1 Casuarina equisetifolia Drilling depth [cm] Amplitude [%] Amplitude [%] Drilling depth [cm]

12 Healthy Analysis of unknown samples Diseased

13 Experimentation on palms Comune di Sanremo in collaboration with «Centro Studi e Ricerche per le Palme» (Dott. Littardi) Comune di Salerno in collaboration with «Studio Actaa» and «Comune di Salerno» (Dott. Scanniello)

14 Collection of samples

15 Non infected palms Test in experimental greenhouse (Sanremo) Palms artificially infected

16 Experimental field test (Salerno) Palm trees with different degree of infestation Palm trees apparently healthy

17 Preliminary explorative stage 1. Sampling in two different areas in the Province of Milan plant individuals analyzed (Acer campestre, A. pseudoplatanus, A. saccharinum) 3. Confirmation of the presence of the infection by felling and analysis of the stump. 4. Statistical processing of the collected data (analysis of the main components)

18 Research of the larvae of Anoplophora in the stump Sampling of telluric air with a pump Bosco in Città (Milano) Larvae of Anoplophora in a root of sampling Maple

19 Sampling of telluric air by stump of Maple attacked by Anoplophora Cooperativa Sociale Demetra Canegrate (Milano)

20 F2 (12.77 %) Bosco in Città Remarks (axes F1 e F2: %) In blue the subject correctly classified as healthy: presence of holes in a trunk but absence of A.chinensis in the stump F1 (75.23 %)

21 F3 (7.54 %) Cooperativa Sociale Demetra Bosco in Città Remarks (axes F1 e F3: %) F1 (75.23 %)

22 F2 (11.78 %) Cooperativa Sociale Demetra Canegrate Remarks (axes F1 e F2: %) F1 (78.26 %)

23 Remarks Numerous sources of variability Standardization of the analysis and sampling Strong local and temporal characterization High variability of the affected Maples Clear and uniform mark of the healthy Maples Correct classification of the healthy Maple

24 and now? Carry on the three-years Research Protocol recently started Sampling during the different seasons of the years Analysis of different plant species affected Analysis of the obtained results

25 Future devolopments and potential application Research of the most informative sensors and enlargement of the resistivity signals Creation of a database in order to instruct the instrument Massal screening of nursery trees Timely eradication of possible outbreaks in new affected areas

26 THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION!!