District Energy. District Energy Helps Preserve Aesthetics, Environment in Paris. Tapping Landfill Gas as Fuel. North Vancouver's Mini-Plants

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1 THIRD QUARTER 2006 Disic Enegy Helps Peseve Aesheics, Envinmen in Pis Disic Enegy Tpping Lndfill Gs s Fuel Nh Vncuve's Mini-Plns Ulsund f Micbil Cnl Emplyee Sfey nd Tining Insighs A Lk Bck Annul Cnfeence nd me... w w w. d i si c e n e g y. g Repined fm Thid Que 2006 Disic Enegy mgzine wih pemissin f IDEA.

2 : s i P m F d c s PSise cmpnies Cve Sy Luis Tulg, Resech & Develpmen Mnge, Cmpgnie Pisienne de Chuffge Ubin e h l c d n e h h g i L Ciy f Pis, Fnce, is unquesinbly ne f he ms visied ciies in he wld. Tuism is mj dive f is ecnmy. Ls ye, nely 26 millin visis cme he Ciy f Ligh n ineninl business nd pliicl cene, fshin cpil nd mecc f he s. Mny f hese uiss n dub enjyed such quinessenil Pisin expeiences s ging he p f he Eiffel Twe, slling lng he Chmps-Elysées, uing Ne Dme Chedl, sipping glss f wine sidewlk cfé viewing msepieces he Luve Museum. F ll he fbulus hings hee e see nd d in Pis, visis nd even ciy nives e ms ceinly unwe f he vey impn civiy ging n behind he scenes nd beneh hei fee. Aund he clck, undegund newks e supplying disic heing nd cling sevices mny lcles fequened by uiss fmed hels, chic shps, in sins nd bnks s well s husnds f hmes, ffices nd he spces. Bh he disic heing sysem, Cmpgnie Pisienne de Chuffge Ubin (CPCU), nd he disic cling cmpny, Climespce, e subsidiies f Ely, wned by SUEZ, skyscpe s e g l, se s n Tu MnCPpCU cusme. in Pis, Opé Gn ie, Pis p e huse, Cl imespce 26 Disic Enegy cusme. Repined fm Thid Que 2006 Disic Enegy mgzine wih pemissin f IDEA.

3 he enegy sevices m f Tcebel. Bh cmpnies she he disincin f being he nly disic enegy pvides f hei kind in dwnwn Pis CPCU disibuing sem nd Climespce, chilled we. And bh e mking impn cnibuins he pecin f Pis s envinmen. Figue 1. Cusme Mix f Cmpgnie Pisienne de Chuffge Ubin, Pis s Disic Heing Sysem. One f Eupe s Geenes Sysems CPCU is ne f 380 lge public nd pive disic heing newks in Fnce. The sysem begn in 1927 nd is wned n nly by Ely, he mjiy shehlde, bu ls he Ciy f Pis, he public nd emplyees. Tdy CPCU seves 5,774 cusme buildings ling 35 millin sq m (377 millin sq f). Nely hlf f hse buildings epesen esidenil husing, Suce: Cmpgnie Pisienne de Chuffge Ubin. Suce: Cmpgnie Pisienne de Chuffge Ubin. Figue 2. Disic Heing Newk, Cmpgnie Pisienne de Chuffge Ubin, Pis. CPCU Disibuin Newk SYCTOM dmesic wse incinein pln CPCU bile huse CPCU cgenein pln Biles (in sububs n linked CPCU newk) Exising newks Min nsp pipes les 500 mm (20 inches) in dimee nd lms ne que e ffices; he eminde e hspils, schls, hels, indusil plns nd he fciliies (fig.1). Amng CPCU s me ecgnizble cusmes e 14 diffeen ninl embssies, including hse f he Unied Ses nd Cnd; numeus hels such s he Hôel Sin Lze, Hôel Cilln, Hôel Meuice nd Hôel Bisl; he Fench Ninl Assembly nd Sene, nd Minisies f Finnce, Jusice, Inei nd Defense; museums including he Luve (see sideb), Musée Gevin nd Musée d Osy; five mj in sins he Ge de Lyn, Ge Mnpnsse, Ge du Nd, Ge de l Es nd Ge Sin Lze; nd fmus lndmks like Ne Dme nd Tu Mnpnsse, he lges skyscpe in Pis. In 2004, CPCU supplied me hn 8.5 millin meic ns f sem (18,739 millin Mlb) used pimily f heing bu ls f dmesic h we nd indusil pcesses including lundy, cking, seilizin, humidificin nd fd pcessing. The suces f sem e he cmpny s eigh pducin plns css Pis (fig. 2) husing l f 21 il-fied biles, w gs-fied biles, w gs-fied cgenein sem genes nd w cl-fied biles nd hee Repined fm Thid Que 2006 Disic Enegy mgzine wih pemissin f IDEA. Thid Que

4 Snpsh: Tw sysems in Pis Cmpgnie Pisienne de Chuffge Ubin Climespce Sevices Pvided Disic heing Disic cling Shehldes Ely 64.39% Cfhec ( subsidiy f Gz de Ciy f Pis 33.5% Fnce) 50% Public nd emplyees 2.11% Ely 28% CPCU 22% Sup Ye Annul Tunve (2004) millin eus (me hn $319 millin) 54 millin eus (nely $69.3 millin) Numbe f Emplyees (2004) Tl Sysem Pducin (2004) 8.5 millin meic ns f sem (18, GWh/ye (102,348,000 n-h) f millin Mlb): chilled we 4.7 millin meic ns (10,362 millin Mlb) pduced CPCU plns 3.8 millin meic ns (8,377 millin Mlb) pduced SYCTOM husehld wse incinein cenes 1.04 millin MWh f eleciciy sld Elecicié de Fnce, f which CPCU used 2% f is wn uses. Uses f Sem Chilled-We Oupu Sem: Chilled we: 75% heing 100% i cndiining 15% dmesic h we 10% indusil pcesses Numbe f Cusme Buildings n Sysem 5, Sque Fge f Spce Seved (2004) 35 millin sq m (377 millin sq f) 3.5 millin sq m (37.7 millin sq f) Cusme Building Type 46.9% husing 58% cmmecil ffices 23.2% ffice spce 19% bnks nd he finncil 10.2% hspils gnizins 6.0% schls 8% hels esuns 4.9% indusil plns 7.5% businesses 3.2% hels 0.5% husing 1.3% sps venues 7% miscellneus 0.3% cfes nd esuns 3.9% he Numbe f Plns Eigh, including w cgenein fciliies Seven, including me hn 12,000 cu m (31,692,000 gl) f chilled-we sge Equipmen Type 21 il-fied biles, w nul gs-fied biles, Pimily elecicl cenifugl chilles (95%) w gs ubine cgenein unis, w cl-fied biles Fuel Cnsumpin Nul gs 3,728 GWh Eleciciy (100%) (12.7 millin dechems) Cl 1.59 millin MWh (5.43 millin MMBu) Oil 576,297 MWh (1.97 millin MMBu) (See figue 3.) Lengh f Disibuin Sysem 427 km (265 miles) 58 km (36 miles) Pipe Dimees Beween 40 nd 1,100 mm Beween 65 nd 800 mm (1.6 nd 43 inches) (2.6 nd 31.5 inches) Suce: Cmpgnie Pisienne de Chuffge Ubin. 18 Disic Enegy Repined fm Thid Que 2006 Disic Enegy mgzine wih pemissin f IDEA.

5 Suce: Cmpgnie Pisienne de Chuffge Ubin. Figue 3. Sem Deliveed in 2004 by Cmpgnie Pisienne de Chuffge Ubin, s Pduced by Vius Fuel Suces. The gph illuses he ppin f sem supplied fm ech f fu fuel suces hughu he ye. The sysem is bselded wih wse-fied sem; cgenein pvides he nex gees level f sem supply fllwed by cl-fied sem; nd il-fied sem pvides he blnce f supply. MMlb PER DAY /01/ /31/2004 STEAM DELIVERED IN 2004 efuse incinein plns wned by SYCTOM, dmesic wse pcessing ssciin seving sevel lcl wn cuncils in he Pis ubn e. CPCU buys sem pduced by hese hee incinein unis nd feeds i in is disic heing newk. In 2004, nely hlf f he sem disibued by CPCU, me hn 3.8 millin meic ns (8,377 millin Mlb), ws pduced in SYCTOM incinein cenes; ppximely 4.7 millin meic ns (10,362 millin Mlb) wee geneed in CPCU s wn disic heing plns. Seveny-six pecen f he he supplied by CPCU is pduced using clen echnlgies. Oil Cl Cgenein Wse Incinein Bu uilizing sem fm wse is n he nly wy CPCU helps pec he lcl envinmen. Awe f he envinmenl impc f is peins, he cmpny hs ken mny mesues peven nd educe plluin. I supps he envinmenl che f he SUEZ gup, nd ll is pducin cenes e mnied mee he equiemens f he ISO sndd. CPCU is, in fc, cnsideed mng he geenes disic enegy sysems in Eupe. Fully 76 pecen f he he supplied by CPCU is pduced using clen echnlgies 50 pecen hugh he incinein f wse nd 26 pecen using cgenein. The cmpny s w cgenein, cmbined he nd pwe, plns supply me hn 1 millin MWh f eleciciy he he f Pis. The Sin-Ouen cgenein pein sed up in Mch 2001 nd he Viy pln, in Nvembe These sysems, which bun nul gs, hve n vell enegy efficiency ing f 85 pecen. In 2002, CPCU fuhe cu emissins by inslling nius xide educin sysem n he Sin-Ouen pln cmbusin ubine. By pviding eleciciy hugh cgenein insed f diinl pwe pducin mehds, CPCU s CHP plns peven he elese f me hn 400,000 ns f cbn dixide ech ye. The cmpny clsely mnis ll emissins dischged fm is plns, ensuing hei cmplince wih emissin levels se f he Pis e. T help chieve hese levels, CPCU buns lw-sulfu cl nd lwsulfu hevy fuel il (wih less hn 0.55 pecen sulfu cnen). Beween 2000 nd 2004, CPCU s vius effs minimize is envinmenl impc esuled in significn educins in geenhuse gs emissins decesing sulfu dixide levels by 62 pecen, NOx by 46 pecen, dus by 81 pecen nd CO 2 by 19 pecen. Lking hed, he cmpny hs plns expnd is newk nd sevices beynd Pis. In Ocbe 2005, i begn peing new 130 MW subsin in Viy; cnsucin is unde wy n nhe 20 MW subsin lced ne he new Fnçis Miend Ninl Liby in Pis s 14h Disic. As efeed in Pis, subsin is fciliy h uses sem genee h we, which is hen ciculed new cusmes n he newk. The subsin cnsiss f he exchnge wih sem n ne side nd ciculing we n he he side. The subsin cnins pumps h pump he h we cusmes wh hve secndy he exchnges nd pumps wihin hei buildings. The sysem h we hen euns he subsin be eheed. The ddiin f hee he lps he sysem is ls unde sudy. As CPCU gws, i nicipes h Eupen nd lcl envinmenl egulins will becme me esicive. Theefe Ge du Nd, mj in sin in Pis, CPCU cusme. Repined fm Thid Que 2006 Disic Enegy mgzine wih pemissin f IDEA. Thid Que

6 he cmpny is cmmied implemening ny necessy echnlgicl chnges h will llw i fuhe impve enegy efficiency nd educe CO 2 emissins. CPCU ls plns exple he develpmen f bimss sysem h wuld bun indusil wd wse. Cling nd Peseving Aesheics The success f CPCU s disic heing newk helped pve he wy f he inducin f disic cling in Pis. In 1990, Ely nd Cfhec, subsidiy f Gz de Fnce, funded Climespce s jin venue. (Ely hlds 28 pecen she while is subsidiy CPCU ls wns 22 pecen.) The sysem sed pein he fllwing ye, nd dy Climespce exps is disic enegy knw-hw vi numeus pjecs including he igenein pln he nly ne f is kind in Eupe h supplied pwe Exp 98 in Lisbn. In 2004, Climespce pduced 360 GWh (102,348,000 n-h) f chilled we f i cndiining 3.5 millin sq m (37.7 millin sq f) f spce. Pducin eches is pek duing Augus, when he cmpny genees 60,000 MWh (17,880,000 n-h). Alhugh he cmpny s 350 cusme buildings pimily huse ffice spce nd finncil gnizins, is vied cusme bse includes enwned shpping venues such s he Hemes nd Chnel ses, A Lk he Luve A 60,000 sq m (196,850 sq f), he Luve Museum in Pis is ne f he lges nd ms fmus museums in he wld. Ech ye 6 millin visis ene is ds dmie sme f he wld s gees isic msepieces, which encmpss 11 millenni f culue nd civilizin. The museum hs been CPCU cusme since 1947; i cnneced he Climespce sysem in The Luve uilizes sem f heing nd minining he ppe humidiy nd empeue levels f is cllecin. I uses chilled we f i cndiining. The Luve ws iginlly buil s fess he end f he 12h cenuy by King Philippe II pec he Righ Bnk f Pis fm invsin. Sme ps f he iginl sucue emin, including he dungen. Inhbied nd edevelped by vius kings hugh he ges, he Luve becme museum in 1793 nd begn expnding is esues wih cquisiins, dnins nd he ddiin f yl cllecins. As p f fme Fench Pesiden Fnçis Miend s effs enlge he Luve in he 1980s, chiec I.M. Pei designed he glss pymid h nw snds he min ennce he museum. The Luve Museum, cusme f bh CPCU nd Climespce, is hme such wld-clss msepieces s he Mn Lis nd Venus de Mil. Gleies Lfyee nd Pssge du Hve; hels such s he Hôel Gege V nd IneCninenl; finncil insiuins including Bnque du Fnce, BNP Pibs nd he Cisse des Dépôs e Cnsignins; culul gems like he Opé Gnie nd Luve Museum; nd he ned Pis lndmks like he Fum des Hlles, Cecle Miliie nd he Ninl Assembly. Ms f Climespce s cusmes wee CPCU cusmes fis. Alhugh mkeing disic cling ws iginlly ughe sell when he sysem ws new, he cncep is nw bee knwn in Pis, nd demnd cnnec he sysem is high. The ppuniy esblish disic cling sysem in Pis ws ceed by cmbinin f ising i-cndiining demnd, inees in he echnlgy s diinl enegysving nd envinmenl benefis, nd is biliy help he ciy decese elimine numbe f nuisnces. Thse included plluing emissins, he penil ubek nd sped f leginell, nd nise nd vibin fm individul building cling equipmen nd wes. Disic cling culd ls help peseve Pis s chiecul esheics vey impn cnsidein in ciy knwn wldwide f is neclssicl chiecue, mnic msphee nd hisic lndmks. 20 Disic Enegy Repined fm Thid Que 2006 Disic Enegy mgzine wih pemissin f IDEA.

7 One f he lges disic cling sysems in he wld, Climespce pduces chilled we seven plns in lcins und Pis (fig. 4) including 12,000 cu m (31,692,000 gl) f chilled-we sge cpciy he Tu Mubug fciliy nd nhe 2 MWh (596 n-h) f cling sge he Opé pln. The chilled we is hen supplied cusmes vi he cmpny s 58-km-lng (36-mile-lng) disibuin newk. An ddiinl 50 MW (14,215-n cpciy) pln, Plis de Tky, is nw unde cnsucin nd expeced begin pein he end f Helping chill he we ciculing in he Climespce sysem is ne f Pis s mj uis cins (nd n inspiin mny pines): he Rive Seine. The Seine pvides bu 70 pecen f he equied he ejecin f he cmpny s chilles; cling wes pvide he blnce, pimily in summe when ive empeues pek. Fl ple he exchnges e used nsfe he fm he chille cndense-we lp he ive-we cling sysem. The ivewe pumps f he new Plis de Tky sysem will hve cpciy f 20,000 cu m pe hu (88,000 gpm). Chllenging Lndscpe While we fm he Seine is n inegl p f he Climespce newk, he ive is mng he feues f Pis s lndscpe h hve pesened chllenge peing nd minining bh he CPCU nd Climespce sysems. Alhugh he newks e f he ms p undegund nd smeimes unde ive we, in few insnces he pipelines hve hd css sme f he hisic bidges h spn he Seine, such s he Pn Ne Dme. This hs ceed esheic issues s well s secuiy cncens. Anhe ive-eled pblem is he el isk f flding. In 1910 fld, he mjiy f Pis Figue 4. Disic Cling Newk, Climespce, Pis. Chilled-We Disibuin Newk ws unde we sceni h culd hppen gin, nd nex ime wuld include he disic enegy newks. Flding is picully cncen in wine, he iny sesn. Opeing disic heing nd cling sysems in Pis cn be difficul in he wys. In he ciy s dwnwn secin, sme sees e vey nw, mking i hd insll nd minin he newk in he mids f ffic nd wih miniml disubnce he suunding neighbhds. Als, belw see level, he undegund spce is vey limied nd ledy vecwded wih lines f eleciciy, gs, we, elecmmunicin nd sewes, n menin he Pis subwy. Despie he unique chllenges f esblishing nd deliveing disic enegy sevices in Pis, CPCU nd Climespce hve buil hiving sysems h cninue expnd in ems f cusmes nd infsucue. They will d s in he fuue, guided by cpe cmmimen pinciples f gd envinmenl mngemen. Exising plns Sge nks Exising newks wih pipe less hn 400 mm (15.75 inches) in dimee Exising newks wih pipe les 400 mm (15.75 inches) in dimee Given Eupe s nd he wld s incesing weness f he need educe plluin nd cnseve enegy, hese w geen cmpnies snd ply n eve me vil le in seving he Ciy f Ligh. The Rive Seine, impn cmpnen f Climespce's disic cling sysem. Luis Tulg is esech nd develpmen mnge Cmpgnie Pisienne de Chuffge Ubin. Wih he cmpny f 30 yes, he hs wked in pducin nd newk mngemen nd is cuenly in chge f R&D f disic heing disibuin newks in Pis. Tulg ened degee in elecicl engineeing (Diplôme Enseignemen Supéieu Technique) fm he Univesiy f Lien. He cn be eched Luis.ulg@cpcu.ely.f. Suce: Climespce. Repined fm Thid Que 2006 Disic Enegy mgzine wih pemissin f IDEA. Thid Que