The Rhine Basin Hydrography, hydrology, geology, sedimentology human-impact history, channel geometry

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1 The Rhine Basin Hydrography, hydrology, geology, sedimentology human-impact history, channel geometry Dr. Roy Frings RWTH Aachen University

2 Hydrography BELGIUM The Rhine Basin Basin: 185,000 km 2 Length: 1232 km Inhabitants: 58 Million Countries: 9 Discharge: 2300 m 3 /s 2 (Modified after CHR 1976) LIECHTENSTEIN ITALY Societal functions Culture Ecology Food supply Recreation Shipping Waste disposal Water supply

3 History of human impact Since Neolithic Land-use changes Since Middle ages Embankment Meander cut-offs Bifurcation modification Since Industrialisation Narrowing (canalisation) Bank protection Barrages Shipping Sediment mining Sediment feeding 3

4 Hydrology Major tributaries Aare Moselle Neckar Meuse Main 4 (Image: Paul Maas, 1998)

5 Hydrology Max. discharge ever recorded: 12,200 m 3 /s (1926) Mixed regime Snow-melt regime 5

6 Geology and Relief North Sea Basin (SRTM data, H. Braxmeier) Lower Rhine Embayment Rhenish Plateau Upper Rhine Graben Alps 6

7 Longitudinal bed profile Alpine section Impounded section Freeflowing section Delta section Delta branches 7 (Frings et al, 2008) Erosion base

8 The Alpine Section Bodensee Konstanz Alpenrhein Vorderrhein 50 km Hinterrhein Tectonic setting Uplift 8

9 The Alpine Section Bodensee Konstanz Alpenrhein Vorderrhein 50 km Hinterrhein Tectonic setting Uplift 9

10 The Impounded Section Iffezheim Oberrhein Basel Hochrhein 50 km Tectonic setting Uplift / Subsidence 10

11 The free-flowing Section Mainz Oberrhein 50 km Iffezheim Tectonic setting Subsidence 11

12 The free-flowing Section Bonn Mittelrhein 50 km Mainz Tectonic setting Uplift 12

13 The free-flowing Section Lobith Niederrhein Bonn 50 km Tectonic setting Slight uplift 13

14 The Delta Section North Sea Nieuwe Waterweg Amsterdam Lek/ Nederrijn IJssel Haringvliet Waal 50 km Tectonic setting Subsidence 14

15 The Alpine Section 15 (Foto: Frings, 2013) Lai da Tuma

16 The Alpine Section 16 Rein da Tuma

17 The Alpine Section 17 (Foto: Frings, 2013) Rein da Maighels

18 The Alpine Section 18 (Foto: Frings, 2013) Vorderrhein

19 The Alpine Section 19 (Foto: Frings, 2013) Rein da Somvitg

20 The Alpine Section 20 (Foto: Frings, 2013) Vorderrhein (Tavanasa)

21 The Alpine Section 21 (Foto: Frings, 2013) Vorderrhein (Rheinschlucht Flims)

22 The Alpine Section 22 (Foto: Frings, 2012) Hinterrhein

23 The Alpine Section 23 (Foto: Frings, 2012) Hinterrhein

24 The Alpine Section 24 (Foto: Frings, 2012) Hinterrhein (Viamala)

25 The Alpine Section 25 (Foto: Frings, 2013) Confluence Vorderrhein-Hinterrhein

26 The Alpine Section 26 (Foto: Frings, 2013) Alpenrhein (Vaduz)

27 The Alpine Section 27 (Foto: Frings, 2013) Alpenrhein (Vorstreckung)

28 The Alpine Section 28 (Foto: Frings, 2013) Bodensee

29 The Alpine Section 29 (Foto: Rizzo, 2008) Bodensee (Insel Mainau)

30 The Alpine Section 30 (Foto: Frings, 2013) Seerhein

31 The Impounded Section 31 (Foto: Frings, 2013) Hochrhein (Schaffhausen Dam)

32 The Impounded Section 32 (Foto: Frings, 2012) Hochrhein (Rheinfall)

33 The Impounded Section 33 (Foto: Frings, 2013) Hochrhein (Aare confluence)

34 The Impounded Section 34 (Foto: Frings, 2013) Hochrhein (canal Albbruck-Dogern)

35 The Impounded Section 35 (Foto: Frings, 2013) Oberrhein (Grand Canal d Alsace)

36 The Impounded Section 36 (Foto: Frings, 2013) Oberrhein (Restrhein)

37 The Impounded Section 37 (Foto: BfG) Oberrhein (Wehr Kembs)

38 The Impounded Section 38 (Foto: Frings, 2013) Oberrhein (Weisweil)

39 The Impounded Section 39 (Foto: BfG) Oberrhein (Iffezheim dam)

40 The free-flowing Section 40 (Foto: Gehres, 2010) Mittelrhein

41 The free-flowing Section 41 (Foto: Frings, 2011) Mittelrhein (bed rock outcrop)

42 The free-flowing Section 42 (Foto: Frings, 2013) Moselle

43 The free-flowing Section 43 (Foto: BfG) Confluence of Mittelrhein and Moselle

44 The free-flowing Section 44 (Foto: Frings, 2013) Niederrhein (Emschermündung)

45 The free-flowing Section 45 (Foto: Bilderbuch Köln) Niederrhein (Cologne)

46 The Delta Section 46 (Foto: Frings, 2013) Waal

47 The Delta Section 47 (Foto: Frings, 2013) Pannerdensch Kanaal

48 The Delta Section 48 (Foto: B. Boekhoven) Pannerdensch Kanaal, Nederrijn, IJssel

49 The Delta Section 49 (Foto: Van der Voort, 2004) Merwede

50 The Delta Section 50 (Foto: Frings, 2013) Lek (Kinderdijk)

51 The Delta Section 51 (Foto: Frings, 2013) Port of Rotterdam

52 The Delta Section 52 (Foto: Frings, 2013) Port of Rotterdam

53 The Delta Section 53 (Foto: Frings, 2013) Nieuwe Waterweg (Mouth of the Rhine)

54 The Delta Section 54 (Foto: Frings, 2013) Haringvliet (Mouth of the Rhine)

55 Thank you! Dr. Roy Frings Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management RWTH Aachen University Mies-van-der-Rohe-Str Aachen Germany September Birgit Astor Karin Banhold Dr. Roy Frings Nicole Gehres Dr. Gudrun Hillebrand 55 Dr. Stefan Vollmer

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