Valutazione dell impiego delle risorse pubbliche in chiave di genere: un applicazione al Comune di Modena

Transcription

1 Valutazione dell impiego delle risorse pubbliche in chiave di genere: un applicazione al Comune di Modena Tindara Addabbo Centre for Household, Income, Labour and Demographic Economics Centro di Analisi delle Politiche Pubbliche Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia addabbo.tindara@unimore.it Seminario Internazionale Valutazione di genere della Programmazione dei Fondi Strutturali Palermo novembre The results presented here refer to a wider research carried out inside the research project 2

2 PROGETTO COFINANZIATO DALL UNIONE EUROPEA Studio di fattibilità per la costituzione del Bilancio delle Amministrazioni Pubbliche secondo un ottica di genere Fondo Sociale Europeo OB 3 ASSE E Misura E.1 F.S.E. Determina n 1734 del 31 Luglio The Research group SCS Consulting SPA (Bologna) Bernardetta Chiusoli, Mario Viviani, Diego Lanzi CAPP (Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia) Paolo Bosi, Antonella Picchio, Tindara Addabbo, Massimo Baldini, Francesca Olivier, Ylenia Rovinalti Francesca Bettio (University of Siena) Annalisa Rosselli (University of Roma Tor Vegata) Elisabetta Addis (University of Sassari) Maria Merelli (LeNove) Vittorina Maestroni (Centro Documentazione Donna) Vando Borghi (University of Bologna) Simonetta Botarelli (University of Siena) 4

3 The research project: local authority touched by Gender auditing Region Emilia Romagna District of Modena Municipality of Modena 5 Municipality of Modena Budget analysis Indicators approach Policies (implicit and explicit aims) How policies are implemented Policy evaluation Gender auditing of local taxes and expenditures Policies suggestions 6

4 National Gov. Region National Health System Fondazioni Bancarie District of Modena Households and individuals Modena Municipality Non-profit sector European Union For profit firms 7 Gender impact of specific expenditure Child care services Parental subsidy (assegno di genitorialità) Transports 8

5 How different departments interact to the CAPABILITY OF CARING (children <3) Public education (child care services) Health and Social Services: Centro per le famiglie, parental subsidy 9 Child care services Sociodemographic structure of Modena populations Aims by the Municipality on child care services (both explicitly or indirectly) Expenditure on this service in the municipality of Modena New types of child care services promoted by the region (L.R. 27/89) Sociological analysis on one specific service (from its design to its implementation) 10

6 Total and Women s Employment Rates year , ,5 63,1 5 3, , 6 Total women Modena Italy Europe Different patterns of women s labour supply in Italy more educated and younger women, higher attachment to labour market; poorly-educated women quit after motherhood and show lower levels of participation also in the absence of children. 12

7 Child care services in Modena Public child care services cover 22% of children aged 0-3 (+ 4% private services under agreement with Municipality) National mean around 6% (OECD, 2001) 13 Why expenditures in childcare services are relevant in a gender perspective? Women carry out the greatest share of childcare work both paid and unpaid Women s labour supply is more likely to be discouraged by the lack or the reduction of public childcare services To develop the caring capability

8 2000/01 Nidi Modena application forms 960 households Means-testing ISE vs IRPEF Net benefit SHIW98: effect of probability of public child-care provision on labour supply by gender Probability of Public childcare Under ISE 15 Looking for the right data gender is often missing in administrative data and in some local surveys 16

9 Looking for the right data Difficulties of having all the information we need for carrying out policy evaluation in the same data set matching of different data set a new local survey run by CAPP Icesmo 2002, 17 ISE vs other criteria ISE (Indicatore della Situazione Economica) linear combination of the values of incomes and assets of the family vs Old criterium (net disposable income & penalty for families where at least one parent is selfemployed) 18

10 MAIN RESULTS OF SIMULATION ISE vs OLD CRITERIUM At least one self-employed parent households are better off with ISE (adding wealth less than offsets losing penalty) changes for employees families are less pronounced (better if double earners both employees) 19 ISE vs old criterium one-earner households are worse off especially when wife is in search of employment or not in the labour force 20

11 Policy implications Mothers who are not employed are more likely to see their children not admitted to nidi More likely to face higher fixed costs of working (due to search of childcare) than others 21 New criterium adopted by Modena municipality Means testing is only used for establishing fees level not for access to the service itself Reduction of negative effect on the probability of admission for one earner households 22

12 New criterium adopted by Modena municipality New criteria for access to public child care services for children under 3 years old are more favorable to lonely parents households The supply of public services is wider and more differentiated 23 Subsidy to families Subject to means testing both parents are in the labour force one of them interrupts employment activity to care for the child while under 1 yr old 24

13 Simulation Based on households data and matched information on unpaid work 25 Results of simulation Families satisfying these criteria are double earners with wife employee (mainly bluecollar) and with low educational level Women are more likely to take the leave and use the subsidy Atypical work are more likely to be excluded due to difficulty in re-entering labour market work after interruption 26

14 Policies suggestions Change the design of the subsidy to encourage fathers take up Following households who benefit from it with regards to the probability that the child would be admitted afterwords at public schools and with regards to mothers labour supply 27 Policies suggestions Instead of total interruption of employment activities, part-time work could be encouraged and subsidized and could be supplied part-time services to parents using it 28