Facts about Norrbotten

Transcription

1 Facts about Norrbotten

2 Contents Norrbotten in brief... 2 Did you know?... 3 Geography Provincial symbols... 5 Distance chart... 7 Midnight sun Climate Visitor destinations Protected species Protected countryside Heritage and culture Hunting and fishing Predators Services Infrastructure and commuting Dwellings Education Population Work and business Unemployment and employment Regional economy Transports Mining and forestry Energy Tourism Agriculture Reindeer industry Integration Healthcare and medical care Life expectancy and sick-leave rate Crime and security Politics Read more Production: Pantzare Information AB, Luleå Translation: ELEX, Pajala Cover photo: Peter Rosén Copies printed: 5,000 Printing: Luleå Grafi ska, Luleå, June 2014

3 Preface Norrbotten a rich county Norrbotten is the biggest and northernmost county in Sweden and the only Swedish county sharing a land border with two countries Norway and Finland. Together with the vast natural resources, broad cultural spectrum and vivid contrasts, this gives the county a clearly-defined profile. With this booklet of facts, we aim to present an up-to-date statistical picture of Norrbotten County. There is information about the labour market and business, population, geography, nature, culture, communications, education and a number of other areas. There is also more information about Norrbotten on the websites we list at the end of the booklet. Enjoy your reading! County Administrative Board in Norrbotten County 1

4 NORRBOTTEN IN BRIEF Norrbotten in brief The county is Sweden s largest by area and represents about a quarter of Sweden s total land area. Norrbotten is as big as Austria and ten times bigger than the Swedish county of Skåne. A quarter of a million people, 2.6 per cent of Sweden s population, live here in 14 municipalities. Most of them, about 170,000, live in the coastal area within a few dozen kilometres of Luleå, the county town. If the population density of Norrbotten County was equal to the EU average, 12 million people would be living here. Norrbotten is a county of contrasts - contrasts between winter dark and midnight sun, alpine areas and archipelago, sparseness and city life, and a diversity of cultures. The national minority languages Finnish, Meänkieli and Sámi are spoken here. The Sámi parliament has its seat in Kiruna. Norrbotten has the highest mountain in Sweden, Kebnekaise at 2,107 m, and Sweden s deepest lake, Hornavan, 232 m deep. Norrbotten County came into being in 1810 and Norrbotten s first towns, Piteå and Luleå, were founded in Photo: 2 Susanne Lindholm

5 Did you know that Facebook built its first server hall outside the USA in Luleå? More halls are planned and construction of hall number 2 has begun. Boden sees similar developments, with two new server halls. the population increase for people is the biggest in almost 20 years and it is primarily due to increased immigration from abroad? Norrbotten is one of the strongest growth areas in Sweden and Europe as regards the visitor industry? The number of new tourist companies increased by 33 per cent in 2012 compared to 2011, which is by far the best result in Sweden. the car testing industry is steadily growing? The international element is big and not only does testing here involve cars and tyres, but also aircraft and missiles. Norrbotten is Sweden s prime investment county? In the period , industry invested almost 6 times more per inhabitant in the county compared to Sweden as a whole. 90 per cent of Europe s iron ore is extracted in the county? mining operations in Kiruna and Malmberget mean that large sections of those communities have to be relocated? Norrbotten County has the highest productivity reckoned as gross regional product per employee after Stockholm County? the number of exporting companies in Norrbotten County more than doubled between 2001 and 2012? In 2012 there were 784, the highest number in the Norrland region. unemployment in Norrbotten dropped from 10.7 to 7.2 per cent between 2000 and 2013, while in the same period in the country as a whole it increased from 6.2 to 6.7 per cent? DID YOU KNOW 3

6 GEOGRAPHY Provinces Kiruna Gällivare Pajala Jokkmokk Arjeplog Sorsele Arvidsjaur Storuman Malå Boden Älvsbyn Piteå Övertorneå Överkalix Kalix Haparanda Luleå Vilhelmina Dorotea Åsele Lycksele Province of Norrbotten Province of Lapland County boundary National border Norrbotten County was formed in 1810 and now comprises 14 municipalities. The county encompasses the province of Norrbotten and a large part of the province of Lapland. 4

7 Norrbotten Provincial emblems Lapland Flower Arctic bramble Mountain avens Animal Siberian jay Arctic fox Fish Vendace Char Bird Whooper swan Blue throat Mineral Gabbro Apatite Fungus Conifer false morel Orange birch-bolete Insect Hairy ground beetle Hecla Sulphur Moss Yellow collar moss Pohlia wahlenbergii Apple Malus x domestica Silva Malus Rescue PROVINCIAL EMBLEMS Yellow collar moss - Splachnum luteum. Photo: Tomas Utsi 5

8 GEOGRAPHY Norrbotten - The big county Kiruna Arjeplog Luleå Haparanda 6

9 Arjeplog Haparanda Kiruna Luleå Gothenburg Malmö Stockholm Sundsvall Archangelsk Bodø Brussels Murmansk Paris Rome Rovaniemi Strasbourg Tromsø Oulu Arjeplog Haparanda Kiruna Luleå Distance chart, main roads (km) Gothenburg Malmö Stockholm Sundsvall Archangelsk Bodø Brussels Murmansk Paris Rome Rovaniemi Strasbourg Tromsø Oulu GEOGRAPHY 7

10 GEOGRAPHY Land cover in Norrbotten County, per cent County Sweden Land under forest, productive Land under forest, unproductive Natural grassland, 18 7 Mires 15 8 Bare rock and other land 3 3 Built-up areas and associated land Agricultural land Water 8 9 Norrbotten County is the county with the smallest proportion of arable land, less than half a per cent of the land area. Skåne County has the largest proportion of arable land of all Sweden s counties with 46 per cent of the land area. Although Norrbotten County is perceived as a forest county, it is only Skåne County that has a smaller proportion of productive forestland. More than 40 per cent of the land area comprises unproductive forestland, open marsh and exposed rock. More than half Sweden s mountain area lies in Norrbotten County. 8

11 Norrbotten County GEOGRAPHY Number of inhabitants per km Population Municipality/ Land area as of Inhabitants region km per km 2 Arjeplog 12,557 2, Arvidsjaur 5,656 6, Boden 4,008 27, Gällivare 15,705 18, Haparanda 927 9, Jokkmokk 17,614 5, Kalix 1,808 16, Kiruna 19,140 23, Luleå 2,094 75, Pajala 7,840 6, Piteå 3,087 41, Älvsbyn 1,698 8, Överkalix 2,765 3, Övertorneå 2,362 4, County 97, , Sweden 407,340 9,644, EU ,306, ,701,

12 23-24/ / / /7 31/5-1/ /7 Arctic Circle 4-5/6 6-7/7 8-9/6 2-3/ / /6 20/6 21/6 Midnight sun In practically the whole of Norrbotten County the midnight sun is visible every summer. Midnight sun means it is possible to see the centre of the sun when the sun is exactly in the north. At midsummer (21 June), it is possible to see the midnight sun even south of the Arctic Circle, thanks to atmospheric refraction. 10

13 Highest and lowest temperatures in the county Highest Highest Lowest Lowest Station 2013 since since 1901 Katterjokk Nikkaluokta Kvikkjokk Arjeplog Haparanda Luleå Piteå KLIMAT CLIMATE Norrbotten compared to Sweden Mean annual temp. C Annual precipitation mm Norm value Norm value Station Katterjokk Kiruna Arjeplog Luleå Piteå Stockholm Gothenburg Lund Hours of sunshine Total Norm value Station June -13 Dec Katterjokk ,195 1,153 Abisko ,458 1,338 Kiruna ,549 1,484 Luleå ,049 1,771 Stockholm ,117 1,821 Gothenburg ,931 1,722 Visby ,242 1,882 11

14 VISITOR DESTINATIONS 12

15 Visitor destinations in Norrbotten County 1. Three-nation marker Sweden s northernmost point. 2. Abisko National Park with Naturum nature centre. 3. Lapporten beside Lake Torneträsk 4. Icehotel in Jukkasjärvi - built from scratch every winter. 5. Laponia - UNESCO World Heritage Area, Nature and Heritage Reserve. 6. The Bifurcation in Tärendö. 7. Kengis Works the northernmost ironworks in Europe. 8. Ájtte - Sweden s mountain and Sámi museum. 9. The Arctic Circle Road 95, Road 45, Road 97, the E10 and Road The Silver Museum - Sámi silver from the Middle Ages to the present day. 11 Lappstaden the world s biggest preserved Sámi church town. 12. Gallejaur unique setting telling the history of the inland and Sámi areas. 13. Storforsen Rapids Europe s biggest free fl owing rapids. Length 5000 m, drop 82 m. 14. Treehotel a unique accommodation experience with tree rooms in modern designs amidst unspoiled nature. 15. Boden Fortress Europe s biggest ring fortress. 16. Gammelstad Church Town UNESCO World Heritage site, about 400 chalets and a mediaeval church. 17. Kamlungeforsen Rapids - Kalix River. 18. Jokkfall Rapids - Kalix River, drop 9 m. 19. Kukkolaforsen Rapids fi shery museum, mills, sawmill and fishermens huts. 13 VISITOR DESTINATIONS

16 PROTECTED SPECIES Protected plants and animals There are 300 species with protected status throughout the country. They are to be found among the vascular plants, lichens, mosses, fungi and insects. All batrachians (frogs) and reptiles are also protected. There is a list of species in Norrbotten County on the County Administrative Board website. Protected and legally protected species Mammals and birds are covered by legislation and are protected, except during hunting seasons where applicable. Many are also protected through the Species Protection Ordinance. Protected animals may not be captured, injured or killed. Nor may their eggs, spawn or nests be damaged or removed. Preventive hunting of normally protected species, such as large predators, may be permitted if they cause excessive damage. Crown game Certain of the protected species belong to the category Crown game. This means that they automatically fall to the state if found injured or dead. They should be handed over to the police who will forward the animal for treatment or to the Swedish Museum of National History. Among the species included in the category Crown game, the following occur regularly in Norrbotten County: bear, wolf, wolverine, lynx, arctic fox, otter, osprey, honey buzzard, northern hawk owl, Eurasian eagle owl, snowy owl, great grey owl, Ural owl, smew, common crane, European green woodpecker, lesser white-fronted goose, Caspian tern, eagles, falcons and harriers. 14

17 Nature reserve National park World Heritage Laponia Montane limit Protected countryside in Norrbotten County PROTECTED COUNTRYSIDE Norrbotten has fantastically rich and varied countryside, which is a major asset for the county. About 25 per cent of the county s area is protected national park or nature reserve. About 95 per cent of this is above the tree line for montane forest. Three per cent of the productive forest below the montane limit is protected. 15

18 PROTECTED COUNTRYSIDE Nature reserves In Norrbotten County there are 354 nature reserves. Here you can hike, pick berries and mushrooms, and see mountains, old-growth forests, mountain panoramas, wetlands and much more. In most nature reserves, hunting and fishing are permitted, as well as snowmobiling. National parks In Norrbotten County there are eight national parks. The largest are in the mountain areas. More than 90 per cent by area of Sweden s national parks lie in Norrbotten County. Since 1996, four national parks have been grouped in the World Heritage Area Laponia. Sarek in Jokkmokk Municipality, 197,000 ha, designated in Well-known for its glaciers and alpine summits. There is an abundance of wildlife in the valleys. Part of Laponia. Padjelanta/Badjelánnda in Jokkmokk Municipality, 198,400 ha, designated in Sweden s biggest national park. Several Sámi settlements, including Stáloluokta on the shore of the beautiful lake Virihávrre. Rich flora. Part of Laponia. Abisko in Kiruna Municipality, 7,700 ha, designated in Among the main features: the view from Njullá Mountain, the Abiskueatnu (Abiskojåkka) Canyon, and the flora and birdlife in the area. The natural history centre Naturum in Abisko offers exhibitions, slide shows and guides. Vadvetjåkka in Kiruna Municipality, 2,630 ha, designated in Sweden s northernmost and most inaccessible national park. Known for the flora on the south face of Vádvecohkka mountain, the birdlife in the delta, and Sweden s deepest karst caves. 16

19 Muddus/Muttos in Jokkmokk and Gällivare Municipalities, 49,340 ha, designated in Here the visitor finds pristine forests and giant pines, waterfalls, wetlands teeming with birds, and ravines with unusual flora. Part of Laponia. Stora Sjöfallet/Stuor Muorkke in Jokkmokk and Gällivare Municipalities, 127,800 ha, designated in Sights include the summits and glaciers of the Áhkká massif, the Sámi settlements of Sáltoluokta and Bietsávrre, and the imposing Dievssavágge (Teusadalen) Valley. Part of Laponia. PROTECTED COUNTRYSIDE Pieljekaise in Arjeplog Municipality, 15,340 ha, designated in Mountain birch forest rich in herbaceous plants and lakes. Beautiful view from Bieljijgájse. Haparanda Archipelago in Haparanda Municipality, 6,000 ha, designated in Vast sand dunes, Kumpula fishing village and an 18 th century chapel, varied nature with an abundance of herbaceous plants and birds. The Laponian Area World Heritage Site, 9,400 sq km. Designated by the UN organisation UNESCO in There is a living Sámi culture and industry, as well as a number of national parks and nature reserves. Laponia is the only combined natural and cultural heritage area in the Nordic countries, and one of only four in the world representing an aboriginal people s landscape. 17

20 CULTURAL HERITAGE Heritage in Norrbotten County The history of Norrbotten may be seen in the county s va ried cultural landscapes, in the archipelagos, along the river valleys, in the inland forests and in the imposing mountain ranges. The names of places and communities tell of the county s multicultural identity - of the Sámi, Finnish and Swedish cultural heritage. Hunters and fishermen lived here as long ago as the Stone Age. The oldest dwelling sites are in Arjeplog and Pajala Municipalities. One cannot speak of a uniform construction tradition in Norrbotten. The barn is one characteristic building, and others include the Norrbotten homestead, the härbre, an upright wooden storehouse, the rökpörte, a chimneyless log cabin and the equally chimneyless smoke sauna. The Sámi goahti, a dome-shaped building, exists in different variants using peat, birch bark or timber. At the World Heritage Site at Gammelstad, visitors can see Sweden s largest and best preserved church town, close to the mediaeval church. In Lappstaden in the town of Arvidsjaur there is a large collection of timber goahtis and storehouses at Lappstaden in Arvidsjaur. 18

21 a short distance from the church. The county s many church buildings include everything from archipelago chapels and church goahtis to impressive wooden churches like Kiruna church and small urban churches. Old fishing camps in the archipelago bear witness to the historical importance of fishing and seal hunting. There are examples of Norrbotten s industrial heritage in the traces of 17 th century mining on the mountains Nasafjäll and Sjangeli, the first ironworks, in Kengis near Pajala; up to today s industrial plants in the state-owned mines, ironworks, power stations, bridges, station buildings and harbour facilities. The Orefields and the Ore Line feature many valuable industrial settings. Together with the Ore Harbour in Luleå, Porjus Power Station in Sweden s power plant community, and Boden Fortress, they constitute Norrbotten s technological megasystem one of Sweden s twelve most significant industrial monuments. The forestry and sawmill industries have also made their mark on the social historical landscape, most noticeably the mansions built by forestry magnates. Each town in Norrbotten has a character all its own. Boden is characterised by the military activities of a century. Haparanda retains the character of a town of wooden buildings, with the only intact 19 th century trading house in northern Sweden, Piteå has its beautiful Town Hall Square. Kiruna s unique settings both sprang out of, and are under threat from, the mining industry. Luleå has Sweden s only official residence built completely of wood. Luleå also has Svartöstaden, a well-preserved shanty town. Cultural environments of national interest 74 Historic buildings 35 Churches 68 Inventoried ancient remains 23,338 Heritage reserve 2 CULTURAL HERITAGE 19

22 CULTURE Municipality gross expenses in 2012, Culture. Municipality/Region SEK per inhabitant Jokkmokk 1,779 Övertorneå 1,662 Luleå 1,591 Arjeplog 1,476 Piteå 1,460 Kiruna 1,440 Haparanda 1,277 Arvidsjaur 1,249 Pajala 1,186 Gällivare 1,166 Kalix 1,081 Älvsbyn 1,081 Boden 795 Överkalix 695 Norrbotten County 1,281 Sweden 1,104 The costs of municipal cultural activities include funding for libraries, museums, music and culture schools as well as financial assistance for cultural societies and study organisations. Three-quarters of the municipalities in Norrbotten allocate more funds per citizen for culture than the average in Sweden. The most generous municipality is Jokkmokk, with over 1,700 SEK per person. 20

23 Culture The activities of Norrbottensmusiken include Norrbotten Big Band, the modern music ensemble Norrbotten NEO and Piteå Kammaropera, as well as the youth band AYJO, the girls choir and Norrbotten s Youth Symphonia. Luleå has Norrbotten Museum, Jokkmokk has the Sámi museum Ájtte and Arjeplog has the Silver Museum. Norrbottensteatern, which was founded in Luleå in 1967, is one of Sweden s oldest regional theatre ensembles. The theatre cooperates closely with the School of Drama in Luleå, one of four drama schools in Sweden. The county also has the Sámi Theatre, Tornedalen Theatre, Teater Scratch and Lule Stassteater. Dans i Nord is a development and resource centre for dance. In 2007, Kulturens Hus in Luleå and Studio Acusticum in Piteå were both inaugurated - concert auditoria with world-class acoustics. Filmpool Nord is a regional company promoting film. The annual festivals and music events in Norrbotten include Piteå Dansar och Ler, Luleå Hamnkalas, the Mattei Festival, the Kiruna Festival, Festspelen i Piteå, The Haparanda/Tornio Jazz Festival, and The Saltoluokta Folk Music Festival. Jokkmokk Winter Fair, dating back over 400 years, is held the first weekend in February. Piteå Summer Games is Sweden s second largest youth football tournament. CULTURE Photo: Peter Rosén 21

24 HUNTING AND FISHING Fishing Norrbotten County has more angling waters than any other county in Sweden. There are more than 30,000 lakes, 200 km of coast and about 25,000 km of running water, of which about 2,500 km contains salmon. Today, Norrbotten s rivers and streams produce per cent of the total volume of salmon smolts in the Baltic Sea area. Above the cultivation limit, the Sámi fish in their traditional way, both for household needs and for sale. Angling in beautiful settings goes on alongside this and recreational fishing is under development. Angling is done in the many beautiful settings, mainly for species such as lavaret, perch and vendace. In the coastal region there is Photo: Tomas Utsi a stable fishing industry, whose most important product is the exclusive Norrbotten caviar, which comes from the vendace, a fish that is the provincial symbol of Norrbotten. Hunting By far the most popular form of hunting is moose hunting. Ptarmigan hunting is also popular, not least among overseas visitors. Hare, fox, marten and deer hunting are mostly carried out in forested areas. Hunting for goose, duck and grey seal takes place along the coast and in the archipelagos. Other species that have been hunted in recent years include beaver and bear. Felled moose 2013 Bulls Cows Total adult moose Calves Felled moose total 4,029 3,175 7,204 4,863 12,067 An annual total of around 100,000 moose are felled in Sweden. 22

25 The large predators in Norrbotten County All four large species of predator - wolf, wolverine, lynx and bear - occur in the county. There is no permanent wolf population in the county, but single wolves occasionally occur. The county s lynx population of about 180 individuals is mostly concentrated to the mountain areas, and to the eastern and southern parts of the county. Norrbotten County has more than 400 wolverines, which is the major part of Sweden s wolverine population. There are an estimated 700 bears. Predators cause damage to reindeer stock. Therefore, preventive hunting of bear and lynx is permitted. In the event of major problems, preventive hunting of all the species may be permitted. In addition, the state annually pays compensation for predator occurrence in Norrbotten County. The County Administrative Board is responsible together with the Sámi communities for inventorying the size and extent of the predator populations in the county. It is primarily females with young that are inventoried. PREDATORS Female wolverines with young Norrbotten County Sweden Female lynx with offspring Norrbotten County Sweden Felled bears in Norrbotten County

26 SERVICES Distance to nearest food shop in 2013 Percentage of population by distance Municipality/ less than 5 - more than region 5 min 30 min 30 min Arjeplog Arvidsjaur Boden Gällivare Haparanda Jokkmokk Kalix Kiruna Luleå Pajala Piteå Älvsbyn Överkalix Övertorneå Norrbotten County Region Norrland Stockholm County Sweden

27 SEK per pupil Infra- Compre- Upper Elderly Labour structure, Municipality/ Child hensive secondary and market Recrea- safeguards, Region care school school disabled schemes Culture tion etc. Arjeplog 5, , ,049 25,733 8,768 1,476 2,086 8,950 Arvidsjaur 5, , ,995 31,031 3,753 1,249 1,767 6,699 Gross costs 2012, SEK per inhabitant Boden 6,567 94, ,453 24, ,691 5,608 Gällivare 5, , ,526 25,060 1,187 1,166 1,864 7,316 Haparanda 6,987 86, ,713 23,219 2,552 1,277 2,596 4,488 Jokkmokk 4, , ,115 23,971 3,500 1,779 1,570 10,327 Kalix 6,208 96, ,289 20,903 1,787 1,081 2,606 4,542 Kiruna 6, , ,950 23, ,440 1,333 5,588 Luleå 8,209 91, ,896 17,565 1,660 1,591 2,488 5,262 Pajala 5, , ,869 32, ,186 1,652 4,754 Piteå 7,050 97, ,826 18,825 1,531 1,460 1,757 4,953 Älvsbyn 7,196 90, ,741 26,828 1,840 1,081 1,283 5,630 Överkalix 4, , ,572 33,705 4, ,362 5,786 Övertorneå 5, , ,383 29,111 6,013 1,662 2,225 5,393 Norrbotten 6, , ,384 25,439 2,800 1,281 2,020 6,092 Sweden 7,213 96, ,394 19,353 1,759 1,104 1,480 4,286 SERVICES 25

28 INFRASTRUCTURE State-maintained roads Length of roads, km Norrbotten County Sweden All roads 8,644 98,317 Of which Surfaced roads 5,660 65% 78,113 79% Communications In Norrbotten County there are five airports with scheduled flights: Luleå Airport, Arvidsjaur, Gällivare, Kiruna and Pajala. Luleå Airport is the sixth largest airport in Sweden, and the air route to Stockholm/Arlanda has the most passengers of all the domestic routes in Sweden. The highways E4, E10, E45 and the trunk road 95 traverse the county, with international links to Norway and Finland. The roads in Norrbotten are important also to link together this vast county. Ten per cent of Sweden s road network is in Norrbotten County, a region where the rate of car ownership is among the highest in Sweden. The harbour in Luleå is Sweden s leading bulk goods terminal. An effective icebreaker service enables the ports of Piteå and Luleå to remain open all year round for the intensive shipping. The harbour in Kalix also has year-round shipping, although on a smaller scale than Luleå and Piteå. The county railway network, both in a north-south direction and to Finland and further on eastwards is a vital link, both for goods traffic and passenger traffic. The Ore Railway between Luleå and Narvik in Northern Norway is one of the country s most important goods routes. Half Sweden s tonnage of railway freight is transported from Kiruna to Riksgränsen and on to Narvik in Norway. 26

29 Traffic flow, main roads INFRASTRUCTURE Vehicles per day (1000 s) 8,000-12,000 5,000-7,999 2,000-4, ,999 Airports Airport passengers 2013 Luleå Airport 1,105,680 Kiruna Airport 226,003 Arvidsjaur Airport 51,029 Lapland Airport, Gällivare 40,046 Pajala Airport 4,782 27

30 COMMUTING Travel by public transport 2012 Trips Inhabitants Trips/ County (1000s) (1000s) inh. Stockholm 744,396 2, Västra Götaland 259,295 1, Skåne 157,045 1, Uppsala 30, Östergötland 26, Blekinge 8, Jönköping 17, Halland 15, Gävleborg 14, Dalarna 13, Värmland 13, Örebro 12, Västernorrland 10, Jämtland 5, Kronoberg 7, Västerbotten 10, Västmanland 9, Södermanland 9, Norrbotten 8, Kalmar 7, Gotland 1, Sweden 1,382,513 9, Metropolitan areas 1,160,736 4, Region Norrland 48,722 1, Rest of Sweden 173,055 3, Surveys of travel patterns show that 32 per cent of workrelated trips are undertaken by public transport. In many municipalities in rural areas, the proportion is less than 10 per cent. This also applies to the municipalities in Norrbotten. 28

31 Photo: Per Pettersson

32 COMMUTING Work-commuting across municipal boundaries 2012 In- Out- Net commuting commuting commuting Municipality Women Men Women Men Women Men Boden 713 1,155 1,799 2,314-1,086-1,159 Piteå 540 1,046 1,376 2, ,359 Kalix Älvsbyn Pajala Övertorneå Haparanda Jokkmokk Arvidsjaur Överkalix Arjeplog Gällivare Kiruna 385 1, Luleå 3,351 5,083 1,551 2,432 1,800 2,651 About 18,000 people in Norrbotten County travel from their home municipality to work in another municipality. Of these people, 4,100 travel to another county, mostly to Stockholm and Västerbotten. Boden, Kalix, Luleå, Piteå and Älvsbyn form a common labour market region. Main commuter flows are between the municipalities around Luleå, where about 70 per cent of the county s population live. Historically, men have commuted both farther and more often than women, but the differences in commuting habits between the sexes are diminishing. 30

33 Cars in use, end of 2013 Cars Municipality/ of which owned by: use per Region Cars women men firms 1,000 inh. Överkalix 2, Arjeplog 1, Gällivare 11,186 3,122 6,292 1, Jokkmokk 3, , Pajala 3, ,584 1, Älvsbyn 4,794 1,281 2,493 1, Arvidsjaur 3, , Kiruna 13,437 3,453 7,502 2, Piteå 23,589 6,619 12,815 4, Kalix 9,394 2,702 4,801 1, Övertorneå 2, , Boden 15,180 4,142 8,217 2, Haparanda 5,299 1,600 2, Luleå 37,725 10,154 20,350 7, County 137,789 37,455 73,003 27, Sweden 4,495,473 1,232,911 2,309, , CARS IN USE Norrbotten County has more cars per capita than most other counties in Sweden. In 2013, 5,389 new cars were registered. The average age of the cars is presented every five years. In 2010 it was over 12 years in Norrbotten County, compared to the national average of 9.6 years. 31

34 DWELLINGS Property price index for permanent one-family houses, 1990=100 by county over time Norrbotten County Västerbotten County Stockholm County Sweden Property market Homes are cheap to buy in Norrbotten County. In 2013, the average price of an owner-occupier flat in Norrbotten County was 500,000 SEK, compared to the national average of 1,404,000 SEK. Price increases on permanent one-family houses in amounted to 100 per cent in Norrbotten County and 172 per cent on average in Sweden. Price increases in Norrbotten County are the lowest in the country. Housing stock The housing stock in Norrbotten County is evenly distributed among one-family houses and flats in multi-dwelling properties. The proportion of one-family houses is somewhat higher than the national average. However, there are big differences within the county. In the municipality of Pajala, 77 per cent of the housing comprises one-family houses. 32

35 The educational level of men and women aged years, Norrbotten County, 2013 Women Men EDUCATION Elementary/comprehensive Upper secondary <2 years Upper secondary 3 years Tertiary education <3 years Tertiary education >3 years Research studies Women Men County Nation County Nation More women than men have tertiary education, both in the county and in Sweden. In Norrbotten County, 41 per cent of the women and 28 per cent of the men have tertiary education. 33

36 EDUCATION Completed upper secondary school, 2009/2010 and begun tertiary education within 3 years (%) Övertorneå Boden Kalix Arvidsjaur Arjeplog Pajala Piteå Luleå Älvsbyn Haparanda Gällivare Jokkmokk Kiruna Överkalix County Sweden Women Men 44 per cent the women who completed upper secondary school studies in Norrbotten County in 2010 began tertiary education within three years, compared with 27 per cent of the men. % Photo: 34Jens Bäckström

37 Luleå University of Technology As a national seat of learning, Luleå University of Technology (LTU) dates right back to LTU is today an internationally renowned research university, which defines important needs in close cooperation with business and the community. LTU has set the target to become world leader in its strong fields of research and innovation by The University offers superior courses at all levels from basic to advanced and research level in engineering, economics, social sciences, health sciences, music, media, pedagogy and the theatre. The University also offers courses in Skellefteå, Piteå and Kiruna, and recruits students from the whole country. Over the past few years, the Swedish School of Mining and Metallurgy in Filipstad has become part of the University. Research is carried out at the university in close cooperation with companies that include Bosch, Ericsson, Scania, LKAB, SKF, and with international universities. The University has nine strong fields of research and innovation which are based on cooperation where specialist competences from different complementary disciplines are combined. LTU has been identified by the government as a centre for the National Strategic Research Areas of Process Industrial IT and Automation, green technology, and mining engineering and metallurgy. EDUCATION Students 19,000 Employees 1,700 Professors 190 Turnover 1,600 MSEK 35

38 POPULATION Population structure, 2013 Women Men % % Norrbotten County Sweden Population as of and changes in 2013 Municipality/ Popu- In- Outregion lation Births Deaths migration migration Change Arjeplog 2, Arvidsjaur 6, Boden 27, ,715 1, Gällivare 18, Haparanda 9, Jokkmokk 5, Kalix 16, Kiruna 23, , Luleå 75, ,825 3, Pajala 6, Piteå 41, ,483 1, Älvsbyn 8, Överkalix 3, Övertorneå 4, County 249,436 2,462 2,761 7,861 6, Sweden 9,644, ,593 90, ,845 50,715 88,971 36

39 Norrbotten County has a greater proportion of its population in the age group 65 and older than the average for Sweden. The municipality with the smallest elderly proportion is Luleå with 19.2 per cent. The proportion of children aged 0-15 is greatest in Kiruna and Piteå municipalities and smallest in Överkalix Municipality. Population by age group 2013 (%) Municipality/ Age region Arjeplog Arvidsjaur Boden Gällivare Haparanda Jokkmokk Kalix Kiruna Luleå Pajala Piteå Älvsbyn Överkalix Övertorneå County Sweden POPULATION Photo: Per Pettersson 37

40 POPULATION Population of Norrbotten County, Change % yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs 80-- yrs The population of Norrbotten County has decreased by approximately 11,000 since The age structure has changed, with a big increase in the number of elderly and a dramatic fall in the number of young people. 38

41 Births/deaths ratio in Norrbotten County, (births minus deaths) POPULATION Number of births per 1,000 of the population Norrbotten County Sweden EU27 The number of births per 1,000 in the population is smaller than for both Sweden and the EU. 39

42 Photo: Tomas Utsi Kiruna Boden Photo: Pär Domeij/Synk Luleå Photo: Per Pettersson

43 Haparanda Photo: HaparandaTornio turistbyrå Photo: Anders Alm/Synk Piteå

44 WORK/BUSINESS Business in Norrbotten Production of raw materials may be the main driver of Norrbotten s economy, but small and medium-sized enterprises are assuming a role of ever greater importance. The county has export companies in manufacturing, a growing tourism and service sector, and small enterprises in many different areas are growing in importance. The start-up of Facebook s own data centre in Luleå has broadened and complemented the business sector in the county. The start-up has awoken global interest and opens up for more investment. The willingness of existing companies to invest is high. Mining companies are investing billions in the county. Test operations in several of the county s municipality have steadily grown. Here, international companies test among other things car components, aircraft and missiles. Cross-border trade with both Norway and Finland is growing. In east Norrbotten, cooperation between Haparanda and Finnish Tornio is constantly growing. Polarbröd in Älvsbyn delivers frozen bread all over Sweden and also exports to European countries. Älvsbyhus is the largest manufacturer of prefabricated homes in the Nordic region. Lindbäcks Bygg is a leader in Sweden as regards industrial production of multi-family dwellings in wood. Polarica in Haparanda deals in berries and game meat for the European and world markets. Polaris Eyewear AB in Boden manufactures eyewear and has subsidiaries in England and Japan. Liko AB in Luleå is a world leader in patient lifts for the care sector. Swerea MEFOS in Luleå is a metallurgical development centre for Northern Europe. The interactive institute Swedish ICT in Piteå is an experimental IT and design research Institute 42

45 Swerea SICOMP in Öjebyn is one of Europe s leading material research institutes in the field of polymer fibre composites. Winternet in Boden is a centre for testing, consulting, research and development in sport, health & fi tness, public health, health and rehabilitation. The Energy Technology Centre in Piteå (ETC) is a research foundation carrying out research and providing services for the academic world, the community and industry. Esrange in Kiruna is a unique resource in Sweden and Europe, being the only European rocket base from where sounding rockets can be launched and the payload recovered on dry land. EISCAT association is a scientific organisation running a number of radar facilities in Arctic Scandinavia and Svalbard. The organisation has its headquarters in Kiruna. SSAB is one of the world s leading producers of steel. Gestamp Hardtech supplies the European and North American automotive industries with collision protection components and Ferruform makes chassis components for trucks and buses. Research and skills development are creating new industries in the county. At Luleå university s School of Music in Piteå, the focus of the Acusticum Business Park is on music and media. The basis of Boden s local economy has shifted from the public to the private sector. International space and environmental research is carried Photo: Anders Alm/Synk out in Kiruna. WORK/BUSINESS 43

46 WORK/BUSINESS Main employers in the county 2013 Private LKAB 3,725 SSAB EMEA AB 1,375 Samhall AB 1,075 COOP Norrbotten 825 Boliden Mineral AB 725 TeliaSonera Sverige AB 625 Gestamp Hardtech AB 575 Smurfi t Kappa Kraftliner Piteå AB 575 Ferruform AB 550 Billerud Karlsborg AB 425 Inre Kraft i Norr AB 425 SCA Munksund AB 325 IKEA Försäljnings AB 225 Last & terräng Häggroths traktor AB 225 Polarbröd AB 225 Public Norrbotten County Council 7,475 Luleå Municipality 7,025 Piteå Municipality 4,275 Boden Municipality 2,875 Swedish Armed Forces 2,675 Kiruna Municipality 2,125 Gällivare Municipality 1,875 Kalix Municipality 1,575 Luleå University of Technology 1,525 Älvsbyn Municipality 1,275 Haparanda Municipality 1,125 Arvidsjaur Municipality 925 Swedish Police 725 Pajala Municipality 575 Övertorneå Municipality 575 Jokkmokk Municipality 525 Överkalix Municipality 525 Swedish Public Employment Service 525 Arjeplog Municipality

47 Workplaces in Norrbotten County 2013, by number of employees Without employees County Sweden WORK/BUSINESS Seven out of ten workplaces in Norrbotten County are sole proprietorships with no employees. A workplace is defined as each address, building or group of buildings where the enterprise has operations. Norrbotten County has nearly 34,000 workplaces. Workplaces 2013 by sector, per cent Agriculture, forestry, fishing Mining, manufacturing, energy Construction Wholesale and retail trade Hotels and restaurants Transport and communications Real estate, finance, insurance Authorities, education, health and medical care Other public and personal services County Sweden

48 WORK/BUSINESS Gainfully employed by sector and gender, 2012 No. Per cent Sector Women Men Total County Sweden Agriculture, forestry, hunting, fi shing 998 3,423 4, Manufacturing, mining 2,932 13,748 16, Energy, water, waste 312 1,301 1, Construction 1,039 10,013 11, Trade 5,280 5,810 11, Transport and storage 1,026 5,076 6, Hotels and restaurants 2,276 1,412 3, Information and communication 1,036 1,840 2, Finance and insurance business , Property management 565 1,092 1, Business services 5,090 6,460 11, Civil authorities, defence, etc. 4,110 4,768 8, Education and research 9,269 3,014 12, Healthcare and social services 17,908 3,557 21, Personal and cultural services 2,672 1,956 4, Sector unknown , All sectors 56,364 64, ,

49 Newly-started companies, 2012 No. New companies new per 1000* Region companies inhabitants Arjeplog Arvidsjaur Boden Gällivare Haparanda Jokkmokk Kalix Kiruna Luleå Pajala Piteå Älvsbyn Överkalix Övertorneå Norrbotten 1, Sweden 69, WORK/BUSINESS *) Population aged years 47

50 WORK/BUSINESS Unemployed aged years, annual mean (%) Women, Norrbotten County Women, Sweden Men, Norrbotten County Men, Sweden Unemployed or in employment policy programmes Unemployed or in programmes (%) The average proportion of unemployed people together with those in employment policy programmes in 2013 was 7.2 per cent in Norrbotten County and in Sweden 6.7 per cent. 48

51 Proportion of population gainfully employed 2012, per cent Women Gainfully employed Men Not gainfully employed WORK/BUSINESS Aggregate earned income, average in 2012, thousands SEK Municipality/region Women Men Total Kiruna Gällivare Luleå Piteå Boden Kalix Arvidsjaur Arjeplog Jokkmokk Älvsbyn Pajala Överkalix Övertorneå Haparanda Norrbotten County Sweden EU

52 REGIONAL ECONOMY GRP 2011 Index Sweden = The Gross Regional Product (GRP) is the regional equivalent of the national yardstick - Gross National Product (GNP). GRP is the aggregate value of all goods and services produced in a region in a given year. GRP shows how great production is, reckoned in SEK. The average GRP for Sweden was 368,000 SEK per capita in This amount was given the index value 100. The index for Norrbotten County was 113, i.e. thirteen per cent higher than the national average. GRP per employed person 2011, (in 1,000s SEK) 50 Goods producers Service providers Public sector Total County Sweden The county has the second highest productivity after Stockholm County expressed as GRP per employee.

53 Investments in manufacturing REGIONAL ECONOMY SEK per inhabitant 32,200-32,300 8,300-32,199 4,600-8,299 3,300-4,599 1,100-3,299 In the years , industry annually invested an average of 5,500 SEK per inhabitant in Sweden. The biggest industrial investments were in Norrbotten County, at 32,000 SEK per inhabitant. Investments in manufacturing Index 1991 = Buildings, County 500 Machinery, County 400 Buildings, Sweden Machinery, Sweden Plans

54 REGIONAL ECONOMY Export/import companies by trade territory in 2012 Export % 75 Sweden County Scandinavia EU Rest of Europe Far East Rest of Asia North and Central America South America Africa Import % 75 Sweden County Scandinavia EU Rest of Europe Far East Rest of Asia North and Central America South America Africa 52

55 Export/import companies, 2012 by turnover Export -250 Tkr Tkr 1-49 Milj. Kr >50 milj. Kr Import County Export Import Sweden Export Import Norrbotten County has roughly 2,200 import companies and about 780 export companies. Most of the export and import companies in Norrbotten County trade with other EU States. The county has a smaller proportion of export companies trading within the Nordic region than the average for Sweden. REGIONAL ECONOMY Value of exports, billion SEK County Value Stockholm Västra Götaland Skåne 92.7 Västmanland 44.6 Östergötland 41.5 Jönköping 40.6 Södermanland 40.6 Norrbotten 33.3 Örebro 29.6 Kronoberg 29.4 Dalarna 29.3 County Value Gävleborg 29.2 Västernorrland 23.8 Uppsala 21.1 Värmland 20.0 Halland 15.1 Kalmar 13.9 Blekinge 13.3 Västerbotten 11.2 Jämtland 2.7 Gotland

56 TRANSPORTS Shipping Region Quantity of goods million tonnes Västra Götaland 43.2 Skåne 31.3 Norrbotten 10.4 Stockholm 9.8 Blekinge 8.7 Gävleborg 5.9 Södermanland 5.7 Västernorrland 5.5 Halland 4.2 Kalmar 3.9 Östergötland 3.6 Västerbotten 3.4 Västmanland 2.7 Värmland 1.3 Gotland 0.9 Uppsala 0.6 Sweden The harbours in Luleå and Piteå are open to shipping yearround, thanks to the national icebreaker service, which assists vessels all along the coast of northern Sweden during the winter. In terms of tonnage, the port of Luleå is among Sweden s five largest, largely thanks to its handling of raw materials for the mining and steel industries. Piteå is a shipping port for wood and paper. Both harbours handle petroleum product imports. Today, Kalix harbour mainly handles paper and pulp. 54 To/from foreign ports To/from domestic ports

57 Goods transport by lorry, by destination in 2013 County Loaded goods million tonnes Västra Götaland 40.8 Skåne 32.5 Stockholm 25.9 Jönköping 16.9 Östergötland 15.4 Västernorrland 15.0 Norrbotten 12.5 Dalarna 12.3 Halland 11.5 Gävleborg 11.2 Kronoberg 10.9 Kalmar 10.7 Värmland 9.4 Södermanland 9.4 Västerbotten 8.5 Västmanland 8.1 Örebro 7.6 Uppsala 7.2 Jämtland 4.9 Blekinge 4.8 Gotland 0.8 Sweden TRANSPORTS Within the county To other counties 55

58 MINING Mining and steel industry Boliden AB s Aitik mine in Gällivare is Europe s biggest copper mine. LKAB s two mines in Malmberget and Kiruna produce 90 per cent of Europe s iron ore. Major investments are ongoing at all the mines and LKAB plans to open more mines. In Pajala, Northland Resources AB opened a new iron ore mine in Ore trains run from the mines in Kiruna and Malmberget to the harbours in Narvik and Luleå. SSAB, which has steel plants in Luleå and Oxelösund, is one of LKAB s customers. SSAB is a producer of highstrength steel. The company has a raw steel capacity of 6 million tons. Of the total shipments, 38 per cent comprise high-strength steel. SSAB s high-strength steel is sold worldwide. 56

59 Forestry The forests in Norrbotten are of varying character, from low-productive montane areas to fertile river valleys. Rich and varied nature is a prime asset for people in the district, and almost 25 per cent of the land area comprises protected natural areas. A total of 34 per cent of Norrbotten County is covered by productive forestland. Nearly 60 per cent of the productive forest is over 60 years old, and a fifth is over 140 years old. More than half is owned by different forestry companies. In all, the forestry industry employs around 4,000 people in the county. The total value produced in 2009 was around 16,000 MSEK. The main products are pulp, paper, packaging, wood and biofuels. FORESTRY Photo: Erik Holmstedt /Synk 57

60 ENERGY Hydropower plants in Norrbotten County Hydropower, MW Mean annual production GWh 1 Ritsem Vietas 1,130 3 Porjus 1,260 4 Harsprånget 2,200 5 Ligga Messaure 1,930 7 Seitevare Parki Randi Akkats 580 GWh 11 Letsi 2, Porsi 1, Laxede Vittjärv Boden Sikfors Sädva Rebnis Bergnäs Slagnäs 28

61 Energy Electricity production in Norrbotten is largely based on renewable hydropower, c. 14 TWh (91.5 per cent), while fossil fuels make up c.1.3 TWh (8.5 per cent) in the form of gas added in turbine power plants. Hydropower in the county therefore constitutes 10 per cent of the total electricity production in Sweden. District heating is dominated by fossil-based energy which generates a total of roughly 2 TWh in heating. Interest is growing in Norrbotten in the development of renewable motor fuels, wind power and the possibilities of biogas production. This can be seen in the form of initiatives in research, agriculture and municipal planning. In all, the people of Norrbotten used 30.8 TWh of energy in Of this, 54 per cent was fossil-based, 19 per cent based on renewable fuels, 21 per cent electricity and 6 per cent district heating. Industry is the biggest user of energy, followed by transport and housing. ENERGY 59