Integration of New Technologies for 2 in 1 Detachable Systems

Integration of New Technologies for 2 in 1 Detachable Systems Jerzy Kolinski - Senior Systems Architect, Intel Corporation 1 CBCS005 Make the Future with China!

Agenda 2 in 1 usages and design considerations Mechanical hinge and docking connector design; USB Type-C* design considerations New technology integration challenges: USB-PD, E-Ink, WiGig *, Wireless Charging Thermals, multi-radio/antenna design and high speed I/O signaling design considerations Summary and Next Steps 2

Variety of System Design Options Detachable All-in-One (AIO) Slider Ferris Wheel Folder 4

Key Differences Between Laptop and Detachable System Design Detachable All-in-One Slider 5 Compelling usages for detachable systems: Tablet Laptop Thick Tablet system closed, base attached, screen up Folder laptop configuration, system open, screen reversed Key requirements: Tablet operates as stand alone system When attached it is a traditional laptop design - Proper hinge consideration to prevent system tipping - Max angle for system opening Tablet can be easily attached and detached Tablet conversion requirements: - Connector needs to be symmetrical and reversible - Minimize number of signals for optimal user experience Ferris Wheel Folder

Laptop vs. Detachable System Design Laptop design: Main components are in the base Main Board with System-on-Chip (SoC) separated from the display Antenna separated from the main system board Traditional power design Detachable design: Main components are in the tablet SoC and the display in the tablet making it challenging thermal design Antennas and key high speed components and traces are in close proximity drives requirements for shielding New requirements for power subsystem (two batteries) Detachable System Design optimized for Tablet First usages 6

2 in 1 System Components (Fully Featured System Example) Processor Thermal Solution Display QHD or higher Touch Screen Keyboard Track PAD WWAN (LTE) Wi-Fi * WiGig * Audio Jack Fingerprint Sensor Battery SD Reader Security Lock Camera (User and World facing) Microphones I/O Storage Speakers Storage: Solid-State Drive (SSD) Sensors 7

Detachable 2 in 1 System Components (Fully Featured System Example) Tablet: Processor Display QHD or higher Touch Screen E-Ink display Thermal Solution WWAN (LTE) Wi-Fi * WiGig * Battery 1 Fingerprint Sensor SD Reader Camera (User and World facing) Microphones Storage: SSD I/O connectors EC 1 Speakers Sensors Docking connector Base: Track PAD Keyboard I/O connectors (USB) Battery 2 USB Hub EC 2 Charging system 2 Wireless charging coil and controller Additional Audio Jack Additional Speakers Docking connector 8

USB3/2 I2C Power System Block Diagram LPDDR3 LPDDR3 Embedded DisplayPort* (edp) Wi-Fi*, Bluetooth CH-A CH-B E-Ink display SSD WiGig* SKL ULX MCP SD Slot NFC WWAN Thermal Touch Screen SoC TPM BIOS (FW Flash) EC PMIC Battery Proximity, Gyro, Accelerometer, Ambient Light, Pressure Magnetometer Thunderbolt USB3/2 Type A USB3/2 uab HD-Audio Codec S/P-DIF, I2C Power control IC Debug Connector Battery Discrete GNSS WF Camera Detachable Connector USB3/2 Power I2C EC Scan Matrix Wireless Charging Micro AB USB3/2 UF Camera Fingerprint sensor Audio Codec Audio USB3/2 USB3/2 Hub USB3/2 USB3/2 USB2 I2C USB3/2 Type A USB3/2 Type A Keyboard Touch Pad Audio jack 9

2 in 1 (Detachable) Layout Tablet design (Front View, LCD Removed) UF Camera Mic Active Pen Power Button Touch Cont. Fan SoC Battery WF Camera 12.5 LCD WiGig * Wi-Fi * WWAN SSD Mic Volume buttons Mic Audio Jack USB 3.0 Thunderbolt Technology SD / usim Speaker Dock Interface Home Button FP Fingerprint Sensor Speaker 10

2 in 1 (Detachable) Layout Tablet design (Back View) LTE / 4G WiGig * LTE / 4G & SAR Wi-Fi * NFC WF Camera Wi-Fi 12.5 LCD GNSS 11

Actual System Picture LTE main WiGig * Active Ant LTE aux GNSS Wi-Fi * aux Wi-Fi main 12

Dock Bracket - Shown With Dock Board Docking Connector USB/ Power Connector Tightly controlled alignment pockets Dock Bracket: Provide structural stability to allow tablet angle adjustment Provide alignment mechanism for docking connector USB connector also provides power (USB-PD). This connector is available in standalone tablet configuration only. Blocked in laptop configuration. 14

15 Base Design - Overview

Main Components in the Base 16 Docking connector Keyboard Track Pad USB connectors Audio Codec Audio Jack USB Hub Audio Codec EC Power delivery subsystem Battery Wireless charging

USB Type-C* - Key Aspects New small size targeted for next generation thin systems ( 8.3 x 2.5mm) Usability enhancements reversible plug orientation Supports scalable power charging Future scalability (5 Gbps 10 Gbps per lane) Improved EMI and RFI mitigation Alternate Modes support Docking support USB 3.1 Type-C* USB 3.1 Type-C USB 3.1 Standard-A USB 3.1 Micro-B 17

Type-C* Connector Signals Receptacle pinout: Cable or product plug: Data buses - Separate connections for USB 3.0 SS + USB 2.0 - Pre-defined second USB 3.0 SS connection as future growth path Power - 5V VBUS (USB PD 2.0 for >5V or direction swap) CC pins - For detecting end-to-end attach/detach, establishing cable flip/twist state, establishing default host/device roles and as the communications channel for USB PD 2.0 18

Configuration Channel (CC1/CC2) 2 CC pins in the receptacles, ONLY one CC pins/wire in cable/plug Functionally, the configuration channel is used to serve the following purposes - Detect connect of USB ports, e.g., a DFP (Downstream Facing Port) to a UFP - Resolve cable orientation and twist connections to establish USB data bus routing - Establish DFP and UFP roles between two connected ports - Discover and configure power: USB Type-C* Current modes or USB PD - Discover and configure optional Alternate and Accessory modes 19

C USB Type-C* Use Cases Dual Role/Charging External Display Display C C Power C Alternate modes on Dock Connector: PCI Express * System Power Up to 100 Watts C Audio C Charging/Data C 20

Key Components for USB Type-C* Design System Policy EC SOC LPC Alternate mode/orientation control USB2 D+/D- USB3 TX+/,RX+/- DP TX+/- DP Aux+/- MUX USB/DP I2C Slave Port Controller Re-driver/ Re-timer (optional) CC Logic PHY Protocol Dev Policy CC1 CC2 2 pairs TX+/,RX+/- Type-C* Connector 21 Connector, USB-PD (full controller vs. port chip), EC, Mux, re-driver/re-timer

Existing Platform Implementation 22 Notes: uab tablet connector is USB OTG uab connector in the tablet is not accessible when the base is attached USB Type A USB3.0 Sleep-and-Charge (BC1.2 CDP -7.5W ) USB micro AB USB-PD (Consumer) USB3.0 Custom Dock Connector NOTES: Cannot supply CDP-7.5W from three ports simultaneously Fixed Cable USB micro AB USB-PD (Consumer) USB3.0 OTG USB-PD micro B Version Plug 3.5mm audio-mic combo USB Type A USB3.0 Sleep-and-Charge (BC1.2 CDP -7.5W ) Thunderbolt (mdp) USB Type A USB3.0 Sleep-and-Charge (BC1.2 CDP -7.5W ) 3.5mm audio-only Minimize dongles Charge tablet from base and brick Charge tablet from another PC Charge smaller devices

Example of Platform Simplification With USB Type-C* Connectors USB-PD Type-C* Version Plug Fixed Cable USB Type-C 3.5mm audio-mic (optional) USB Type A (optional) USB3.0 Sleep-and-Charge (BC1.2 CDP -7.5W ) Thunderbolt (Type-C) USB Type-C USB Type-C or A USB Type-C 23 NOTE: Cannot supply CDP-7.5W from three ports simultaneously

25 USB Power Delivery and Wireless Charging Implementation

USB3/2 I2C Power USB PD and Wireless Charging Components LPDDR3 LPDDR3 Embedded DisplayPort * (edp) Wi-Fi *, Bluetooth CH-A CH-B SSD WiGig * SKL ULX MCP SD Slot NFC WWAN Thermal Touch Screen SoC TPM BIOS (FW Flash) EC PMIC Battery Proximity, Gyro, Accelerometer, Ambient Light, Pressure Magnetometer Thunderbolt USB3/2 Type A USB3/2 uab HD-Audio Codec Discrete GNSS WF Camera S/P-DIF, I2C Detachable Connector USB3/2 Power I2C Power control IC EC Scan Matrix Debug Connector Battery Wireless Charging Micro AB USB3/2 UF Camera Fingerprint sensor Audio Codec Audio USB3/2 USB3/2 Hub USB3/2 USB3/2 USB2 I2C USB3/2 Type A USB3/2 Type A Keyboard Touch Pad Audio jack 26

Key Components of Power Delivery Subsystem Design Objectives: - Power delivery subsystem base on USB PD - System can be charged by connecting charger to either tablet or the base - Tablet can operate standalone - When attaching base the additional battery charges tablet and provides power to the system Tablet power implementation - Power provided through USB uab connector or docking connector (will be replaced with Type-C*) - EC/charger to control main battery functions - EC to EC communication to synchronize charging functions between tablet and the base Base - Separate EC to control charging functions and communication between tablet and base - uab connector with UCB-PD to provide system power (will be replaced with Type-C*) Charger - USB PD enabled charger 27

Wireless Charging System Requirements and Implementation Design Objectives: - Key component of No wires strategy - The system can be charged wirelessly using a coil in the base under the track pad - A4WP standard - The base can be charged wirelessly even if the tablet is not present - Wireless charging is connected to the same power delivery components as USB Power Delivery (USB PD) - EC in the base coordinates power flow between various power sources Interference with other system components - Track pad, touch screen, antennas, EMC/EMI - Ensure that proper shielding and testing is done to eliminate system level interference - Test against EMC/EMI regulatory standards to ensure that complete system is passing required standards 28

Base Assembly Overview Wireless charging coil and controller board assembly Track Pad Assembly done upside down to C cover. D cover last. 29

Wireless Charging System Implementation Mechanical base implementation showing main circuit board, coil and WC controller 30

WiGig * System Implementation WiGig Active Antenna Design Objectives: - WiGig* is a key component of No wires strategy provides wireless expandability - When user comes to the office, he places his system on the desk - display and peripherals are wirelessly connected to the system System design - WiGig includes: M.2 controller and active antenna - Active antenna needs to be placed to allow operation while the notebook is open or closed - In this design the WiGig active antenna is placed under the camera module - Ensure that when the system is closed the base does have metal free window to allow for antenna propagation - Test for radio to radio interference and regulatory compliance WiGig docking station 31

E-Ink Secondary Display E-Ink (e-reader) display Express myself custom graphics on the lid Display of critical information E-reader Many more No power consumption except when the image is changing 32

Integration of Secondary E-Ink Display Implementation E-Ink is connected to main SOC over USB 2 interface and GPIO signals (touch) Supports touch interface to allow graphics changes, book page changes and games Adds cost and system thickness but also provides opportunity for differentiation The display will stay on until next image is downloaded Key use cases: - Custom graphics electronic sticker, favorite team, activity,. - E-Reader - Alert messages - Games - Debug messages - Advertisements - Key information when the system is brand new and shipped to the user 33

35 Thermal Design Considerations

Thermal Considerations System design objectives: - Support both fanless and fanned operation - Design system to run with fan off for most of the time - Turn on fan only when workload requires additional performance - Provide an option to trade system performance vs. fan operation Tablet implementation - Display and main components in close proximity - Location of the SoC and other components generating heat must be optimized - Options to implement fan or fanless designs - Vents must be included in the chassis - Special thermal considerations due to system shielding Base - Fanless operation for the base - Power charger, USB HUB, EC, Audio codec and wireless charging are key components 36

Airflow Related Features Foam Placed in these slots 65.7mm of Removed wall allows for Air intake 37

Airflow, cfm Airflow, cfm 38 Mockup #2 Test Results Mockup #2 tested for acoustics and airflow (TR1212) Test Article: Form to prevent fan re-circulation Cables MB and component mockup Connector leakage WWAN Aux EMI Fence Cables, EMI design, connector leakage all contribute to reduced airflow. Effective airflow flows over MB Dock area leakage through connectors and speaker grill 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 Tablet Mode Effective Airflow Dock Area Leakage 0.0 20 25 30 35 40 45 Sound Pressure, dba 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 Clamshell Mode Effective Airflow Dock area leakage 20 25 30 35 40 45 Sound Pressure, dba

Fan ON System Thermals A-side 49.5C 42.4C 44.2C Test Conditions: The system is placed horizontally on the table running Wireless Docking scenario (using WiGig * ) - 25 C External ambient temp - Fan is ON - 0.4 cfm exhaust flow - 25 dba B-side Power W ROS 7.21 RFEM 0.60 WiGig M2 1.20 SOC 3.50 LCD 2.33 14.85 39.5 C 43.2 C 42.5 C 39

Fan OFF System Thermals A-side 53.8C 47.8C Test Conditions: The system is placed horizontally on the table running Wireless Docking scenario (using WiGig * ) - 25 C External ambient temp - Fan off A-side Power W ROS 5.59 RFEM 0.60 WiGig M2 1.20 SOC 3.50 LCD 2.33 13.22 46.6 C 45.5 C B-side 40

41 Wireless System Design Radio Interference Mitigation

Wireless, RF Noise Mitigation Design challenges: - Multiple radios and antennas are integrated in the system: Wi-Fi *, Bluetooth Technology, 3G/LTE, GNSS, NFC - Several high speed interfaces are routed in close proximity to the antennas: USB3, PCI Express *, camera interfaces Tablet RF implementation guidelines: - High speed subsystems need to be shielded - Special considerations need to be given to space high speed signals and I/O connectors and the antennas - To lower RF emission special shielding is recommended for I/O, M.2 connectors and docking connector Base - Shielding for docking connector and USB connectors is recommended - Consideration needs to be given for long cables with high speed signals to ensure that it does not create system interferences 42

Multiple Antennas Placed in the Bezel Area LTE main WiGig * Active Ant LTE aux GNSS Wi-Fi * aux Wi-Fi * main 43

Tablet Cables, Antennas and Shielding Wi-Fi * Main, Wi-Fi Aux, LTE Aux Antenna element with ground plane soldered to 1.4mm dia coax WWAN Main Same as above but shipped assembled to plastic bracket that places it above the SAR. Bracket secured in place with screws. NFC User facing NFC attached to LCD and electrically connected via pogo pins to the MB World facing NFC attached to rear glass and also electrically connected with pogo pins High speed interfaces Provide sufficient spacing and shielding for the connectors with high speed interfaces 44

Summary Detachable system design creates new challenges and requirements New features that require special design considerations: - USB-PD and USB Type-C* - No wires: WiGig * and Wireless Charging - Thermal design - Wireless and RF interference mitigation There are interactions between subsystems in detachable system that need to be taken under consideration (it is more tablet design than traditional laptop design) 46

Next Steps Use information provided in this presentation to focus on the new areas that are unique detachable system design Implement system designs with USB Type-C* connector Attend other IDF sessions to gain in-depth knowledge 47

Additional Sources of Information A PDF of this presentation is available from our Technical Session Catalog: www.intel.com/idfsessionssz. This URL is also printed on the top of Session Agenda Pages in the Pocket Guide. Audio recordings of sessions will be added to this catalog by April 13 Demos in the showcase Please visit USB Type-C* demos Additional info related to USB Type-C design USB.org 48

Other Technical Sessions Session ID Title Day Time Room UXRS001 Providing Great User Experiences with Audio Innovation Wed 11:00 Wu HSTS001 UXRS002 Enabling the Single Connector Platform Using USB 3.1, USB Type-C* and USB Power Delivery Intel Wireless Charging Solutions and Infrastructure for PCs, Tablets and Smartphones Wed 13:25 Wen Thurs 11:15 Jing UXRS004 Technical Overview of Intel s No Wires Strategy for Wireless Docking and Data Sharing Thurs 15:45 Auditorium = DONE 49

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