A Preliminary Report The May 19, 2011 Simav, Turkey Earthquake Ömer AYDAN Tokai University, Shizuoka, Japan Visiting Professor, İstanbul Technical University Halil KUMSAR Pamukkale University May 24, 2011
CONTENTS Major Characteristics Location and Geography Geology, Tectonics and Pre-post Seismicity Faulting Mechanism Strong Ground Motions Damage (building, geotechnical, lifelines, dams, transportation) Sources of Information
MAJOR CHARACERISTICS OF THE EARTHQUAKE Location: near Simav town of Kütahya Prefecture of Turkey Date: 23:15 (TST) on May 19, 2011 Magnitude: Mw 5.8-5.9; Ms 6.0; ML 5.7-5.9 Faulting Mechanism: Normal faulting with dextral strike slip component associated with West Anadolu Fault System Casulaties: 2 people as of May 21, 2011 Injured: 85 people Affected population: 30000 2052 households heavily damaged or collapsed
Major towns and villages in the epicentral area Map from Google
Geology-Faults Modified from Oygür & Erler, 2000 (TJK, 43(1), 7-19)
Focal Mechanisms of Past Major Earthquakes
Pre-Regional Seismicity
Aftershock Activity Base map from EMSC
Focal Mechanism Normal faulting along north dipping fault. The fault belongs to Simav fault zone This fault is said to be normal fault with a dextral lateral component. The earthquake fault is a normal fault with a dextral lateral component. From EMSC
Fault Striation Measurement and Their Focal Mechanism sinistral dextral Two different fault striations on oblique normal faults were observed. One of them has a dextral lateral component while the other one has a sinistral component.
Gediz Strong Motions Emet From AFAD
Views of some of strong motion stations in the epicentral area Gediz Simav Complete record at Simav SMS could not be obtained due to power loss
ACCELERATION(gal) ACCELERATION(gal) Spectra of Selected Strong Motion Stations ACCELERATION(gal) ACCELERATION(gal) 400 300 200 GEDIZ Simav-Kutahya (M5.9 2011) EW (h=5%) EW NS UD 300 200 EMET Simav-Kutahya (M5.9 2011) EW (h=5%) EW NS UD 100 100 0 1 2 3 NATURAL PERIOD(s) 0 1 2 3 NATURAL PERIOD(s) 60 50 40 30 DURSUNBEY Simav-Kutahya (M5.9 2011) EW (h=5%) EW NS UD 80 60 40 AKHISAR Simav-Kutahya (M5.9 2011) EW (h=5%) EW NS UD 20 10 20 0 1 2 3 NATURAL PERIOD(s) 0 1 2 3 NATURAL PERIOD(s)
Permanent Ground Movements obtained from EPS method 100 mm Base map from Google
MAXIMUM GROUND ACCELERATION (gal) Amax & Vmax Attenuation MAXIMUM GROUND VELOCITY (kine) 300 2011 Simav Earthquake V s =259 m/s =0,180 =90 =270 Observation Aydan(2001)-soil 40 20 10 2011 Simav Earthquake M s =5.8 M w =5.8 M L =5.9 100 4 30 M s =5.8 M w =5.8 M L =5.9 10 10 20 40 100 200 HYPOCENTER DISTANCE (km) 2 1 V s =259 m/s =0,180 =90 =270 Observation 0.4 10 20 40 100 200 HYPOCENTER DISTANCE (km)
Collapse of Simple Structures Gökçeler Gökçeler Simav Simav Yeşilova
Investigation Routes Base map from Google
Building Damage Mosques Monuments Hımış Building (Timber Frame with adobe infill walls) Stone Masonry Buildings Brick Masonry Buildings Reinforced Concrete Buildings Non-structural damage
Simav Mosque 1
Simav Mosque 2
Simav Mosque 3 Yeşilova Mosque
Karaderbent Mosque Damaged in 1970 Gediz Earthquake
Performance of some historical tombs and monuments
Damage to Hımış or masonry buildings Gökçeler Simav Karaderbent Karamanca
Simav - Downtown Complete collapse of ground floor due to soft floor problem
Koyuncuoğlu High School. Soft floor problem
Simav - Esenler Damage at lower floors due to cracking between frame and infill walls
Simav - Esenler Damage at lower floors due to cracking between frame and infill walls
Non-structural damage(window Glass Breakage)
Kanal-1 Bridge (near Eynal Spa) No damage except dislocation of embankment protection stone blocks
Non-damaged bridges Near Gökçeler Near Gökçeler Near Gökçeler
Damage to Lifelines Yeşilova Substation Pumping Stations Water pipes
Yeşilova Sub-station No major problem. 12-13cm dislocation of transformers and perimetrical damage to infill walls
Drinking water facilities Yeşilova Karamanca Simav
Geotechnical Damage Liquefaction Embankment failure Retaining-wall failure Slope Failure and Rock Falls Performance of Earthfill Dam Performance of Eti Gümüş Tailing dams
Soil Liquefaction There is a at least a 8 m thick clay layer at top. The buildings on flat ground are founded over this clay layer. The site investigation clearly shows that there are some slight settlement of ground up-to 5 cm in the downtown of Simav. This may imply a partial liquefaction of soil layers below the top clay layer.furthermore, this top soft layer may amplify ground motions with peculiar frequencies. Simav Settlement Uplift
Embankment failure (Near Gökçeler)
Retaining-wall failure (near Gökçeler)
Near Söğüt Toppling Failure and Rock Falls Near Karamanca Near Karamanca Near Karamanca
Planar or wedge sliding failure Near Söğüt Near Karamanca Near Karamanca Near Karamanca Near Karamanca
Non-damaged earthfill dam near Gökçeler The earthfill dam was not damaged although it was 1 km away from the epicenter
Performance of Eti Gümüş Tailing dams Plan View Tailing dam between 2nd & 3rd ponds Tailing dams failed due to piping and overtopping the newly elevated part over the existing dam before the earthquake. The perimetrical dam has been strengthened now. The maximum ground acceleration at the dam site by this earthquake should be about 20 gals, which could not induce any damage to tailings dams. Open-pit mine
References Aydan, Ö., M. Sezaki, R. Yarar (1996). The seismic characteristics of Turkish Earthquakes. The 11th World Conf. on Earthquake Eng., CD-2, Paper No:1270. Aydan, Ö. and Ohta, Y. (2011a): A new proposal for strong ground motion estimations with the consideration of characteristics of earthquake fault. Seventh National Conference on Earthquake Engineering,, Istanbul, Turkey. Aydan, Ö. and Ohta, Y. (2011b):The erratic pattern screening (EPS) method for estimation of co-seismic defromation of ground from acceleration records and its applications.. Seventh National Conference on Earthquake Engineering,, Istanbul, Turkey. EMSC:http://www.emsc-csem.org/ ED:http://www.deprem.gov.tr/ Google Map:http://maps.google.com/
KOERI:http://www.koeri.boun.edu.tr/ Oygür, V. and Erler, A. (2000):Metallogeny of the Simav Grab en (Inner-Western Anatolia, Turkey). Geological Bulletin of Turkey Vol.43, No. 1, 7-19. USGS: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to thank Yavuz Erkmen, the Governor and İl Özel İdare of Denizli Province for logistic support and the participation of Recep Demirci of İl Afet and Acil Durum Director of Denizli Province and Erhan Ar of İl Özel Director of Kütahya Province and information on strong motions records and stations given by Turgay Kuru of Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency, Ankara.