: Building Information Modeling and Assoc. Professor Rafael Sacks BIM Handbook Symposium Georgia Tech Atlanta, GA, 13 th March 2008
Introduction Both and BIM are deep process changes, in thinking and in practices. Both require concerted long term efforts, within stable business and work environments Operators Owners Users Designers Managers Builders Finance Community Government Subcontractors Insanity : Doing the same thing over and over and expecting a different result (Albert Einstein) 2
What is? The Vision:.new principles and methods for product development and production management specifically tailored to the AEC industry, but akin to those defining lean production that proved to be so successful in manufacturing. (from www.iglc.net) Value to better meet customer demands Flow AEC process as well as AEC product Remove Waste applies to design, detailing, supply and construction AEC = Architecture, Engineering, 3
Value Toyota Production System Remove Waste (Muda) Continuous Flow Error-free work Pull system Kaizen - continuous improvement Stability Standardised work 4
20 15 10 5 0 Variation on site Sum of workers Aprts. 6/4 2/24 2/23 3/4 3/6 4/3 3/5 3/3 2/10 2/9 3/23 3/19 3/9 3/24 3/22 3/21 3/20 3/18 3/17 3/16 3/15 3/13 2/8 2/7 2/6 2/5 2/4 2/3 5 3/28/2005 3/30/2005 4/1/2005 4/4/2005 4/6/2005 4/8/2005 4/11/2005 4/13/2005 4/15/2005 4/18/2005 4/21/2005 4/25/2005 4/27/2005 4/29/2005 5/2/2005 5/4/2005 5/6/2005 5/9/2005 5/11/2005 5/15/2005 5/17/2005 5/19/2005 5/22/2005 5/24/2005 5/26/2005 5/29/2005 5/31/2005 6/2/2005 6/5/2005 6/7/2005 6/9/2005 6/12/2005 6/14/2005 6/19/2005 6/22/2005 6/26/2005 6/28/2005 6/30/2005 Date
Impact of Variation Project managers on high-end projects reported spending up to 60% of their time managing client changes and the resulting complexity of instructions to specialty contractors. Sacks, R., and Goldin, M., (2007). Management Model for of High-rise Apartment Buildings, ASCE Journal of Engineering and Management, Vol. 133 No. 5 pp. 374-384 6
LEAPCON Cash Flows $20,000 $15,000 $10,000 $5,000 F':, no customization F: Cash Flow $0 $(5,000) $(10,000) $(15,000) A': Conventional, no customization A: Conventional $(20,000) 0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00 Simulation Time (min.sec) LEAPCON Simulation www.technion.ac.il/~cvsacks/tech-leap.htm Pull flow Multi-skilling 7
Building Information Modeling (BIM) Building Information Modeling Tools, processes and technologies that are facilitated by digital, machine readable documentation about a building, its performance, its planning, its construction and later its operation. Therefore BIM describes an activity, not an object. To describe the result of the modeling activity, we use the term Building Information Model, or more simply Building Model in full. Building Model A digital, machine readable record of a building, its performance, its planning, its construction and later its operation. A Revit model or a Digital Project model of a building are examples of Building Models. Building Model can be considered the next generation replacement for construction drawings, or architectural drawings. 8
Introduction One Island East, Swire, Hong Kong Owner 9
Benefit Productivity Quality Duration Accuracy BIM Benefits Description Reduce design and engineering labor Prevent design and coordination errors Shorten design duration Heighten accuracy for all analyses Industrialization Produce detailed fabrication data, increase preassembly and prefabrication Management Improve information flow 10
Reduce design development cycle time Design and BIM Synergies Manage information flows Pull flow detailing Detailing Standardized Standardised work methods Increased prefabrication and pull of parts Error free constructio n Pull flow of labor Pull flow of information Operate and Maintain Maintain Value of Maintain information value Information 11
Maintain Information Value construction need BIM facility FEASIBILITY DESIGN CONSTRUCTION Maximize Value to Client OPERATIONS Re use of model information Value of design documentation Loss of value due to handover, recreation of information Traditional single, stage, paper drawings BIM model collaborative process Retrofit utilizing asbuilt and existing facility documentation Value Time, Project Phase BIM Handbook, Eastman et al. 2008, John Wiley and Sons. 12
Reduce Design Cycle Time construction need Reduce Cycle Time BIM facility 80 days Review model instead of drawings, automatic drawing production 34 days Cycle Time Sacks, R., (2004), Evaluation of the economic impact of computer-integration in precast concrete construction, ASCE Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, Vol. 18 No. 4. pp. 301-312. 13
Manage Design Information Flow Continuous Flow 14
Information Development Velocity Using project extranets with building models: Information Development Velocity Continuous Flow Information Development Velocity 15
Using project extranets: Probability of Bottleneck construction need Visualization of flow design IT and BIM facility Probability of information bottleneck Monitoring of design information flow using BIM and model servers or project intranets Continuous Flow Probability of information bottleneck 16
Pulling Detailing Information Pull flow 4D Simulation; Set sequence priority (e.g. walls for medium pressure duct); pull detailing work only when construction approaches 17
Pulling Detailing Information construction need Pull detailing and fabrication/assembly of building system components according to short term plans BIM facility Collaborative detailing with integration across disciplines, automated clash checking Pull flow Collaborative Design Clash checking 18
Standardized Work construction need Standardised work BIM facility Automated assembly instructions and bills of material J.W. McCLENAHAN CO. Standardised Work 1. Drawings for each work package generated automatically from the model; 2. Parts fabricated and packaged off-site; 3. Installed on site as a package 19
4D Modeling, Temporary Facilities Error free stable work construction need Stable work effective project planning, predicting problems, avoiding problems BIM facility 4D animation and modeling of temporary process facilities, error free design and detailing 20
Increased Prefabrication 21 Remove Waste Quality Campbell, Architecture Week 2006 21
Increased Prefabrication Remove Waste Quality 22
Increased Prefabrication Remove Waste 23
Increased Prefabrication Remove Waste 24
Increased Prefabrication Remove Waste 25
Increased Prefabrication Remove Waste construction need Prefabrication remove waste of unnecessary or inefficient activities BIM facility Accurate error free detailing for prefabrication 26
construction need Pull of materials and Kanban signals for fabrication Pulling prefabricated parts IT and BIM facility On line pull of materials and signals through management information linked through a BIM server Pull flow 27
Pulling Labor and Visualizing Status Pull flow 28
Pulling Labor and Visualizing Status Pull flow construction need Pull flow signals are not visible, like in manufacturing, so directives to teams pull work Project status changes rapidly and sometimes unexpectedly. Information is complex, diverse, plentiful and difficult to integrate BIM facility On line pull flow signals can be communicated to teams online Good visualization is needed for construction process and work readiness information 29
Safety Risk forecast for work planning
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construction need Safe processes no waste Safety Risk forecast for work planning BIM facility BIM supports dynamic safety conscious planning
BIM makes construction leaner ; thinking focuses BIM implementation Owners have a unique role to play as leaders of and BIM initiatives and BIM can improve an owner s bottom line, but also have a ripple effect across the construction industry The challenge to all owners, designers, contractors and fabricators: To perform lean, BIM-enabled projects...worthy of inclusion as best practice case studies in the 2 nd edition of the BIM Handbook!!! 33