Nagpur Municipal Corporation City Sanitation Plan March 2011 Submitted to Department of Urban Development, Govt. of Maharashtra, Mumbai Through All India Institute of Local Self Govt. Mumbai Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 0
City Sanitation Plan Contents Executive Summary List of tables Abbreviations Index 1. Objective & Vision 2. General (City Profile) 3. Approach & Methodology 4. City Sanitation Plan Elements a. Toilets b. Sewerage c. Strom Water d. Solid Waste e. Water Supply f. Environment g. IEC (Social) h. Social Mapping 5. Budgetary requirement 6. Limitations (Prabhag Wise) 7. Frame work for Action Annexure I Unit Rates for cost aspects Annexure II Standard and Norms Annexure III Primary Data for Prabhags (Zone) Annexure IV Zone maps showing sanitation infrastructure details. Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 1
Executive Summary - City Sanitation Plan (CSP) preparation work started with the constitution of Task force and Implementation Committee in the month of August 2010. Task force consist of Hon.Mayor as its chairperson and Hon.Municipal Commissioner as its convener. All the officials of the corporation including Hon.Deputy Mayor, Hon. Chairman, Standing Committee, Hon.Ruling Party Leader, chairperson of various committees and zones, NGO etc. have been included as member of Task Force. Implementation Committee is headed by Hon. Municipal Commissioner and various heads of departments who have to play their active role in implementation of CSP are taken as member of the committee. Meetings of these committees were taken at various stages. Workshops were also organized under the guidance of All India Institute of Local Self Govt., Mumbai to appraise staff of corporation about making of CSP. Actual work of CSP was started in the month of November 2010 with base line data collection. Sanitary Inspectors & Junior Engineers who are involved in day to day work of every electrol ward were asked to collect base-line data of their wards in the given formats. Information regarding water supply, solid waste managements,storm water drainage open defecation, public toilets, sulabh shauchalayas, public urinals etc. was collected. While collecting base-line data a special emphasis was given on toilets/ urinals and its availability, individually as well as publicly. Another subject of emphasis was open defecation spots in the wards. All the data collected was subjected to reverification and re-checking once or twice whereover needed. Ward level data was compiled at zonal levels with the active participation of zonal officers (Health), Deputy Engineers of PWD and water works under the guidance of Assistant Commissioner / Ward officer of the all 10 zones. Chairpersons of each zonal committee and ward councilors also played their role to formulate the Zonal Sanitation Plan of their respective zones. When the work of collection regarding and compilation of base-line data was going on, the awareness campaigns for citizens regarding City Sanitation Plan were also in progress side by side. Various competition such as essay writing and paintings amongst school children were organized on the subject of sanitation. About 15 street plays were also performed at busy places and slums areas. Cleanliness, pollution of water & noise, wastage of water, dangers of open defecation etc. were the thems of street plays. Suggestions of citizens were also invited on the issues of water, garbage, toilets, sewerage etc. by sending 2 lakh SMS. A public address system on the cycle rikshaw with a pre-recorded cassette was moved in all the 10 zones for a period of 15 days. Awareness about city sanitation plan was also done through banners, posters, press releases, hand outs etc. Suggestion received in response to awareness campaigns through e-mails or letters etc were incorporated in the CSP wherever possible. Compilation of zonal data at the city level was started in February 2011. Again reverification and rechecking of data collected at ward and zonal level was carried out. For this works many rounds of discussion with ward/zonal staff were arranged. Also concerned heads of the departments and experts were called for discussion before finalizing CSP. A draft CSP was ready in the first week of March 2011. Main contents of the draft were information regarding water supply, sewerage, solid waste managements and storm water, but the supporting information of these department was lacking. Then every concerned head of the department was asked to prepare his note regarding his department with special reference to the project taken up by the deptt. or submitted to JNNURM for consideration. Innovative works or ideas were also included in the City Sanitation Plan. Nagpur city is having population of about 25 lakhs. The slum of population is more than 8 lakhs. A sizeable population resides in slum. It was necessary to consider the problem of slum population separately. A process of social mapping was undertaken to identify sanitation problems of slum dwellers. Foremost thing to be done by Nagpur Municipal Corporation is making city open defecation free. City needs about 4882 individual toilets, 307 sulabh toilets, reconstruction or renovation of about 800 sits Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 2
of existing public toilets and 200 urinals. The fund requirement is about Rs.22 crores for infrastructure and Rs. 10 crore for its maintenance to make Nagpur city open defecation free. Sewage system is other major concern of the city as it requires huge amount to create infrastructure. Presently 60% of the city is covered under sewage network. City generates about 345 MLD of sewage out of which only 70-80 MLD is treated. Three sewerage zones have been proposed to treat 100% sewerage. Expenditure to be incurred on this new sewerage zones is Rs. 1222 crores. A memorandum of understanding has been signed with Maharashtra Electricity Generation Company (Maha GENCO) to treat and use 110 MLD water under JNNURM. Natural drainage pattern of the city is excellent due to presence of Nag nadi which flows down almost throughout the central part of the city and pilli nadi which flows from the outskirts of the city. Most of the small and big open drains (nallah) are connected to the Nag river. Rain water flows through the Nag river quickly because of its natural gradient. As regards to roads 30-35% of the roads have storm water drains. City requires about 4041 km long storm drains, the cost of which is Rs.3073 crores. Nagpur city is amongst the few cities in India which works according to Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling) Rules 2000. Most of the parameters given in MSW rules are followed. Door to door collection of garbage, transportation of garbage in closed and covered vehicles, disposal and processing of municipal solid waste etc. are taken care as per MSW rules. Door-to-door collection of garbage and transportation of garbage upto dumping ground has been outsourced on tonnage basis. Disposal and processing is also contracted out on BOOT basis for 12 years which also includes construction of sanitary land fill. Estimated cost of this project is about 26 crores. Another project which NMC has taken is Bin Free City project. The number of community bins/ containers has been reduced to 170 from 700 in last two years. Budgetary requirement towards CSP from Mar 2011-2012 Sector Amount required till March 2012 Year of meeting 100% benchmark Toilets 5.5 crores 2015 SWM 2 crores 2015 Sewage management 180 crores 2015-16 Storm water drains 614.65 crores 2014 Water supply 78 crores 2015 Environment 105.4 crores 2015 10 crores 2012 Awareness 1.30 Crores 2012 Total 996.85 crores O and M cost Cost of equipments and machinery Capacity building Total budget required till March 2012 1021.85 crores say 1025 crores 10 crores 10 crores 7.5 crore Conclusions -NMC needs Rs. 1025/- crores for the year 2011-12 for implementation of all CSP components (DPRs cost of sewage, SWM, SWD & environment is already submitted to government) and NMC will need further budget till the achievement of benchmarks for each component in subsequent years. Government is requested to allocate funds for specific components of sanitation to Nagpur Municipal Corporation for achieving its goal of 100% ODF city and meeting other NSUP targets. Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 3
List of tables - Sr. Subject Page No. No. 1) Demographic Features of Nagpur city 9 2) Climate of Nagpur 10 3) Land use analysis 14 4) Aspirations of citizens towards CSP 19-20 5) Status of toilets and urinals 22 6) Estimates for sanitary Infrastructure (Zone-wise) 23 7) Open defecation spots (Zone-wise) 24-25 8) Budget required for making Nagpur open 25 defecations free 9) Budgetary provision by NMC for ODF 26 10) Service Level Benchmarks for sanitation & 28 sewerage 11) Sewerage zones and sewage generation 30 12) Budgetary provision for sewage treatment 31 13) Service level Benchmarks of storm water drainage 35 14) Budget required for Storm water drainage 35 15) Project cost and other details of SWD 39 16) Length statement of SWD 39 17) Service level Benchmarks for Solid Waste 40 Management 18) Transportation of MSW 46 19) Reduction in transportation cost 47 20) Benchmarks for water supply 55 21) Capacity and location of water treatments plants 56 22) The outcome of 24x7 water supply project 58 23) Future water demand of city of Nagpur 59 24) Zone wise slum population 71 25) Estimated cost of proposed sanitation components 81-84 26) Budgetary requirement for meeting SLBs 85 27) Budgetary requirement for 1 year till mar 2012 86 Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 4
Abbreviations - A.D.T.P. Asst. Director Town Planning BSUP Basic Services for Urban Poor C.B.O. Community base organization C.S.P. City Sanitation Plan C.S.Z. Central sewerage zone CNC Act. City of Nagpur Corporation Act.1948 IInd of 1950 CPHEEO Central Public Health Engineering Environment Organization D.P.R. Detail Project Report E.O.I. Expression of Interest E.S.R. Elevected Service Reservoir G.S.R. Ground Service Reservoir H.H. House hold I.C.T. Information Communication Technique I.R.D.P. Integrated Road Development Project JNNURM Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission M.B.R Master Balancing Revised M.L.D. Million Liter per day M.R.T.P. Maharashtra Regional Town Planning Act. MIHAN Multimodal International Hub Airport Nagpur MT Metric Ton N.E.S.L. Nagpur Environment Services Ltd. N.H.H.S. Number of House holds slum N.I.T. Nagpur Improvement Trust N.M.C. Nagpur Municipal Corporation N.S.Z. North sewerage zone NEERI National Environmental Engineering Research Institute P.I.L Public Interest Litigation P.P.P. model Public Private Partnership model R.P.A. Rapid Participatory Appraisal S.L.B. Service Level Benchmark S.S.Z. South sewerage zone S.T.P. Sewerage Treatment Plant S.W.D. Storm Water Drainage S.W.M. Solid Waste Management SEZ Special Economic Zones TPD Tons per Day UDPFI Urban Development plans formulation and Implementation Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 5
Nagpur Municipal Corporation CITY SANITATION PLAN Objective and Vision Government of India recognizes that sanitation is a state subject and on ground implementation and sustenance of public health and environmental outcomes requires strong city level institutions and stakeholders. Further, in spite of the common elements that characterize urban areas of India across the length and breadth of the country, there are a number of factors and forces, constraints and opportunities, that are peculiar to specific situation of states and cities viz. their historical legacy with respect to sanitation, climate and physiographic factors, economic, social and political parameters, and institutional variables, etc. Therefore, it is best that each of the States develops its own State level Strategy to achieve the policy goals set out in the National Urban Sanitation Policy. In this context, it may be noted that the interpretation and translation of the National Policy in the special states i.e the North-Eastern States, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and Lakshadweep, will take account of their situation (especially community institutions and financial arrangements) and make special and/or additional provisions supported by Government of India. Like in the national policy, state strategies are recommended. Sanitation is defined as safe management of human excreta, including its safe confinement treatment, disposal and associated hygiene-related practices. While this policy pertains to management of human excreta and associated public health and environmental impacts, it is recognized that integral solutions need to take account of other elements of environmental sanitation, i.e. solid waste management; generation of industrial and other specialized / hazardous wastes; drainage; as also the management of drinking water supply. The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) enjoin upon the signatory nations to extend access to improved sanitation to at least half the urban population by 2015,vand 100% access by 2025. This implies extending coverage to households without improved sanitation, and providing proper sanitation facilities in public places to make cities open-defecation free. Vision- The vision for Urban Sanitation in India is: All Indian cities and towns become totally sanitized, healthy and liveable and ensure and sustain good public health and environmental outcomes for all their citizens with a special focus on hygienic and affordable sanitation facilities for the urban poor and women. Policy Goals The overall goal of this policy is to transform Urban India into community-driven, totally sanitized, healthy and liveable cities and towns. Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 6
NMCs Vision As envisage by govt. of India and govt. of Maharashtra to make 100% sanitized cities, the objective and vision of Nagpur Municipal Corporation would be to achieve this conditions at the earliest. Though huge amount of funds are required to fulfill the needs of sanitized city, our most of proposed have been sanctioned under JNNURM or likely to be sanctioned in near future. It will be our utmost responsibility to full fill basis needs of the citizens specially regarding development of infrastructure to make Nagpur city open defecation free city. This is our first priority followed by solid waste and sewerage management. The importance of making city fully sanitized will be discussed thoroughly with policy makers which will enable them to reserve a special fund to be incurred on CSP to achieve our objectives. Essential components of totally sanitized city can be defined as sufficient water, zero garbage situation, scientific processing & disposal of garbage, maximum collection and treatment of sewerage, no open defecation, proper disposal of storm water, no flooding points etc. Nagpur Municipal Corporation has already taken many initiatives towards making Nagpur city a totally sanitized city. City Sanitation Plan will help us to expedite the various projects, plans pending works etc. Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 7
2..General (City Profile) About Nagpur DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE Nagpur is a city in the central part of India in Maharashtra State. Nagpur Limits encompass 217.56 Square Kms of land areas. Geographically, Maharashtra is located 16.40 N to 22.10 N and 72.60 E to 80.9 E. Nagpur district is located between 21*45 N to 20*30 N and 78*15 E to 79*45 E, which essentially indicates that Nagpur district is located in the Deccan Plateau. It is practically at geographical center of India, in fact the zero milestone of India is in this city. All major highways NH-7 (Varanasi - Kanyakumari ) & NH-6 (Mumbai - Sambalpur - Calcutta) and major railways trunk route (Mumbai, Chennai, Howrah * Delhi) pass through the city. Important Central & State Government offices and institutions are located in Nagpur. Industrial Development is existing along the fringe areas like Kamptee, Hingna, Wadi, Khapri, Butibori and Kalmeshwar. Humidity ranges from 20% to 70% and Rainfall averages 120cms annually. Nagpur is situated 274.5 mtrs to 652.70 mtrs above sea level and 28% of Nagpur is covered by Forest. Nagpur generally has a dry tropical weather. Nagpur has always enjoyed the status of a capital city that continues till date; it is the winter capital of the Maharashtra state. It completed 300 years of establishment in 2002. Nagpur s population (Census of India, 2001) is about 20.5 lakhs with an average density of 95 persons per hectare, which is quite low compared to other comparable cities of India. Nagpur shows favourable demographic characteristics. The sex ratio in Nagpur is quite healthy at 936, which nearly equals the all-india figure of 933. About 84% of Nagpur s population is literate as per Census 2001. 66 percent of the city s population is under the age of 40; the 10-25 year age group forms the largest proportion of the total population. In 2011, City of Nagpur with a population of 24,65007 (2011) includes 10 zones and 136 wards. The area of zones ranges from 4.25 (Gandhi Nagar zone -6) to 42.04 (Laxmi Nagar zone-1). The population of Nagpur increased from 20 Lakhs Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 8
to 24.65 lakhs which shows a decadal growth rate of 12%. The floating population is 2,02305 which is maximum in zone 10 and is lowest in zones 5 and 6. The number of households are 5,24,981 which consists of 4,57,107 residential properties and the rest are commercial and industrial properties. In year 2008, there were 446 slums (survey by CHF International 2007-08) with a population of 8,58,783 which is 34.5% of the total population approximately. The total BPL families registered are 99011. The government and semi government officer are 663. The number of schools including private and NMC schools is 479 and number of colleges is 97. Nagpur has about 21 main markets and 40 weekly markets. There are 280 licensed Meat shops. There are 65 government and NMC hospitals and 1261 private hospitals. The lush green areas, the gardens are 102 in the city. Table 1 - Demographic features of city of Nagpur Population (2001 Census) Population (2011 census-first round) No of Zones 10 No of Wards State Status ~20.5 lakhs ~24.65 lakhs Latitude 21.09N Longitude 79.09E 136 (electoral wards) Maharashtra Second Capital Location 21degree 09 N 79 degree 09 E MSL 247.5-305 Mtrs. Area Slum Population 217.56 Sq.Kms. ~8.5 lakhs Altitude 247.5-305 meters above sea level. (900-1000 ft) Mother tongue (Approx.. percentages) Marathi - 50% Hindi - 40% Others - 10% Rainfall per year Airport 1,242 mm Sonegaon. 8 Kms. from zero milestone Air Connections Bhubaneshwar, Mumbai, Calcutta, Hyderabad, to/from New Delhi & Raipur Railway. Station. Nagpur Junction (Central Railway) Train Connections Ahmedabad, Amritsar, Bangalore, Bhopal, Hyderabad, Calcutta, Chochin, Gorakhpur, Hyderabad, Indore, Jammu, Kanyakumari, Kolhapur, Lucknow, Madras, Mangalore, New Delhi, Patna, Pune, Trivandrum, Vadodara, Varanasi, Visakhapatnam. Telecommunication ISD: 091 STD: 0712 Telex : 0715 Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 9
Table 2 Climate of Nagpur Climate Nagpur faces extreme variations in temperature with very hot summers and very cold winters and a relative humidity of 60 per cent. Wind speed Wind blows with maximum ( 20 Km / Hrs or higher) in the month of February and on set of monsoon season i.e. in end of May and first week of June. This is due to generating low pressure area in this region. Rest of time wind speed is below 5 to 6 Km./Hrs. A maximum wind speed of 114 km/hr was recorded on 22nd May, 1970. Rainfall Nagpur district receives rainfall from the South-westerly monsoon mainly in the months of June, July, August and September. July and August are the months during which the maximum rainfall as well as maximum continuous rainfall occurs. Rainfall - ( 1970-1996 ) Total of Annual Rainfall (in mm) for 26 years Average Rain fall Maximum Rainfall (mm) (mm) in a month 559.1(mm) 27938.67 (mm) 1074.56 (mm) (in a Month. July 1994) The table below shows the rainfall data calculated over a period of 26 years from 1970-1996. Nagpur has all the ingredients for emerging as a high quality service centre. The region around Nagpur has a large number of engineering colleges with about 8,600 engineering students graduating every year. This renders Nagpur an attractive location for the IT-ITES industry. Nagpur s unique location also makes it a logical and ideal location for a passenger and cargo hub given its strategic position in national and international railway and aviation routes. It may also work on its potential to develop into a significant medical hub, tourism gateway to the hinterland and a power generation centre for the region. A possible trigger for Nagpur s efflorescence is the Multimodal International Hub Airport at Nagpur (MIHAN) project. Besides an international airport, the proposed project envisages the creation of a road-rail terminal, a special economic zone (SEZ) and other urban amenities to meet the needs of the working population in around the proposed airport. The SEZ will provide the right platform for exploiting the latent economic potential of the city, which has the potential to create over 1.2 lakhs jobs. A Dataquest-IDC study of the top ten IT cites in India ranked Nagpur seventh, based on parameters such as manpower availability, information, communication and technology (ICT) infrastructure availability and usage, lifestyle and environment. Also, as per the KPMG NASSCOM survey, Nagpur is one of the top four tier II cities that have a huge potential for information technology and IT enabled services. Nagpur is a centrally located land-locked city with moderate commercial and industrial growth. It is a center of industry, education and agriculture in the Vidarbha region. The strategic location of the city has led to rapid expansion and increased environmental problems, especially air, water and noise pollution. The city also experiences a high floating population causing pressure on its civic services. Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 10
Historical information The city got its name from the River Nag or Nag people and is known since prehistoric times. Nagpur and its surrounding region also find a mention in the Vedic and Mauryan scriptures. Nagpur city's foundation was laid by the Gond King of Deogad "Bakht Buland Shah" in the year 1703. Chand Sultan, successor to Bakht Buland Shah, constructed a three-mile long wall around his City by the Nag River. In 1743, it became the capital of Raghoji Rao Bhonsle s kingdom. The Bhonsle period witnessed peace with cultural and economic prosperity. Cottage and handloom industry started developing during this period. The city was annexed in 1817 by the British after the defeat of Appasaheb Bhosale in the Battle of Sitabuldi. Consciousness for planned city development was raised by Sir Patrick Geddes, who visited the city in 1915. The Nagpur Improvement Trust (N.I.T.) was established in 1936 to carry out planned development in the city. The British Government made Nagpur the capital of the new state named Central Province in mid-19th century and it remained so till 1956, after which it became the second capital of Maharashtra. Thus Nagpur has enjoyed the status of being the administrative centre of Central India during the ancient and medieval eras. It carries a legacy of cultural and economic prosperity. Its proximity to tribal areas has also ensured the preservation of its natural resources, i.e. minerals and forests. In the modern era, though Nagpur has lost its politically prime position, natural aspects of geography, climate and location continue to position it favourably for prospering as an economic hub. Geography and climate- The town is dominated by the British fort, which was built in 1818 on the twin hills of Sitabuldi in the centre of the city. The surrounding region is an undulating plateau rising northward to the Satpura Range, from 889 to 2,142 feet (271 to 653 m). In the west, the hills are forested. In the northeast are the hills of Ramtek. The region is drained by the Kanhan and Pench Rivers in the center, the Wardha in the west, and the Wainganga in the east. Both these rivers later merge as tributaries into the Godavari River. The soil in the west and the north is fertile black (cotton) and that in the east alluvial in nature. The climate of Nagpur follows a typical seasonal monsoon weather pattern. The peak temperatures are usually reached in May/June and can be as high as 48 Degree Celcius. The onset of monsoon is usually from July. The season extends up to September with the monsoons City Development Plan Jawaharlal Nehru National peaking during July and August. After monsoons, the average temperature varies between 270C and approx 6-7 Degree Celcius right through December and January. The average annual rainfall is 45 inches, with more rain in the east than in the west. Location and connectivity- Nagpur is located at practically the geographical center of India; in fact, the Zero Milestone of India (a heritage monument) is in this city. (Nagpur is 837 km from Mumbai, 1094 km south of Delhi, 1092 km north of Chennai and 1140 km west of Kolkata). All major highways -- NH-7 (Varanasi - Kanyakumari) and NH-6 (Mumbai - Sambalpur - Kolkata) and major railway trunk routes (Mumbai, Chennai, Howrah and Delhi) pass through the city. Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 11
An electrified broad gauge railway track connects Nagpur to the four major metros. Destinations connected include Mumbai, Delhi, Calcutta, Chennai, Kolhapur, Pune, Ahmedabad, Hyderabad, Jammu, Amritsar, Lucknow, Varanasi, Bhubaneshwar, Thiruvananthapuram, Cochin, Gorakhpur, Visakhapatnam, Bangalore, Mangalore, Patna and Indore. The Sonegaon airport is 7.5 kilometres south of Nagpur city. It is connected to some important Indian and international cities including Mumbai, Calcutta, Delhi, Hyderabad, Raipur, Singapore, Saudi Arabia and Bangkok. Thus, distance and connectivity with all the important Indian cities gives Nagpur an inherent advantage. It can be seen as a transport hub, connecting the Indian cities to each other and international destinations as well. Various IT and ITES companies are also viewing this characteristic as a strong positive factor. The city provides access to its own skilled manpower and also to that of the entire region. Roads and public transport The Integrated Road Development Project (IRDP) revolutionised the roads in the city, which now enjoy an excellent status, in terms of both coverage and quality. Vehicle ownership is quite high; there are 4.6 lakhs registered vehicles and 280 are being added every day. But the corresponding infrastructure in terms of parking facilities is highly inadequate. Also, the road conditions being excellent, the average travel speed is quite high at 25 km. per hour making road safety a cause of concern. Considering the population and spread of the city, the public transportation system is highly inadequate. Urban environment - There are several water bodies in the city including 12 lakes, two rivers and five nallahs. NMC/NIT has already initiated some beautification and recreational projects around the lakes and rejuvenation City projects are also being planned. In terms of other forms of pollution, i.e. air and noise pollution, levels are well within the prescribed limits with a few exceptions. Gardens and plantations Due to tremendous population growth coupled with the increasing number of vehicles plying on the roads, the pollution in the city has been increasing over the last few years. However, the green cover in and around the city and continuous tree plantation projects have helped safeguard the environment to some extent. There are about 95 parks and gardens in the city covering about 102 ha. This is just 0.5% of the city areas, while it must be at least 1.8% as per the Maharashtra Regional and Town Planning (MRTP) Act. NMC develops and maintains the open spaces through its Garden Department. The functions of the department include maintaining existing gardens, developing new gardens as per the norms and needs of the citizens and developing and maintaining landscapes/greenery cultivated on road dividers, intersections and channelisers. The department performs its duties as per the Maharashtra (urban areas) Preservation of Trees Act, 1975, which covers aspects like plantation of trees, preservation of Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 12
existing trees, and tree census after every five years and grant of Permission to citizens to cut trees, subject to specific conditions. Various greening efforts were undertaken in Nagpur in the last few years. Roadside trees or plantations that were affected during the Integrated Road Development Project, about 700 roadside plantations, were uprooted and replanted. NMC and NIT had undertaken a programme to plant one lakh trees during 2002-03 in the NMC area. The programme was taken up with the active participation of schools, social organizations, private institutions and citizens. The saplings were provided free of cost to all the interested parties. Nagpur had received recognition as the second greenest city in India. But the tempo of tree plantation has not been maintained and greenery has declined substantially. The key issues regarding development and maintenance of green spaces and road side plantations are water scarcity during summer season, air pollution due to increased vehicular traffic and lack of civic sense among citizens. Lakes and rivers - There are several natural water bodies within the city limits including 12 lakes, two rivers and five nallahs. The lakes (Gorewada, Futala, Ambazari, Sonegaon, Sakkardara, Gandhisagar, Lendi Talao, Naik Talao, Dob Talao, Pandrabodi, Sanjay Nagar Khadan and Pardi) cover an area of about 3.13 sq. km.. The Nag and Pili Rivers cut across the city and are 15.73 km. and 12.11km. in length, respectively. Besides these, Chamar Nallah, Shakti Nagar Nallah, Hudkeshwar Nallah, Swawalabmi Nagar Nallah and Sahakar Nagar Nallah also flow through the city. Though exact data is not available, it has been observed that all the water bodies are highly polluted. This is mainly due to the free flow of untreated sewage into these rivers and nallahs. Land use- The total area within the Municipal Corporation s limit is 217.56 sq. km. of which only 83.40 sq. km. (38%) is developed. About 38% of the land is under agriculture and forest cover and 4% is under nallahs and water bodies. As per Urban Development Plans Formulation and Implementation (UDPFI) guidelines, the land use distribution of developed land (as proposed in Development Plan) conforms to the guidelines in the case of residential usage Though only 2% of the land is under parks and gardens (recreational spaces), this is adequately supplemented by the large forest cover in the city. But, land under commercial usage needs to be increased further, while the proportion of land earmarked for public and semi-public use may be decreased. Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 13
Table 3 - Land use analysis S. No Land Use % to be developed/% total area NMC 1 Residential 44.61/50.82 2 Commercial 3.33/2.30 3 Public semi public 15.38/10.73 4 Public utility.99/0.68 5 Recreational facilities 8.32/5.75 6 Industrial 3.29/2.27 7 Transportation 24.08/16.64 8 Drainage and sewage disposal../ 0.65 9 Cattle and stable dairy farm../0.98 10 Compost depot../o.60 11 Agriculture./26.55 12 Water bodies./2.13 13 Total non developable../10.91 Recreation, Sports and culture The city has two major stadia where football and hockey tournaments are held. Test matches are played at the cricket stadium of Vidarbha Cricket Association and at newly constructed ultra modern - Jamtha Stadium, 16 km away from Nagpur. There are 4 swimming pools and an international skating ring. This is the only kind of its ring in India and second to that of China. Majority of the colleges and private schools have their own playgrounds. A number of auditoria such as Vasantrao Deshpande hall, VSS Hall, Institution of Engineers hall, IMA hall, IWWA hall etc have excellent facilities. The organizations like Vidarbha Sahitya Sangh, Rashtrabhasha Prachar Samittee, Mor Bhavan, Karnataka Sangh and Andhra Association adds to the cultural diversity of town. The major cultural activities include Dhammachakra Pravartana at Dikshabhoomi, Urs of Tajuddin Baba, The South Central Cultural Zone Centre etc. Heritage structures The city of Nagpur has number of places and monuments of historic importance. These are maintained by The Heritage Conservation Committee of NMC constituted in 1997 and Archeological survey of India. The places are - Sitabuldi fort, Gandhi sagar tank, Telankhedi garden and temple, Kashiba temple on Nag river, Sakkardara tank and temple, Tulsibagh temple, Gandhi gate, High court building, Sonegaon tank, Dikshabhoomi MIHAN (Multi-modal International Hub Airport of Nagpur) The trigger that Nagpur is mainly looking at is the MIHAN project. The proposed MIHAN project is expected to spread over 4,025 hectares at a cost of Rs.2000 crores. Besides the airport, the proposed project involves a road-rail terminal, a special economic zone (SEZ) and other urban amenities to meet the needs of the Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 14
working population in around the proposed airport. The SEZ will provide the right platform for exploiting the latent economic potential of Nagpur city. The SEZ project has potential to create over 1.2 lakhs jobs in Nagpur city. IT Parks Easy availability of constructed premises, tailor-made to suit the needs of the ITES- BPO industry, replete with plug and play facilities at low cost, serves as a major attraction for the ITES-BPO industry. Satyam Computers already has bought 100 acres of land in the SEZ City Development Construction majors Shapoorji Pallonji and L&T Infocity have already initiated plans to develop IT parks over an area of 150 acres in the SEZ area. Airport - The airport is projected to handle about 14 million passengers a year (70% international) and 870,000 tonnes of cargo (90% international) in 30 years time. It is expected that by 2015, 62,000 aircraft movements per year would take place at the Nagpur airport. Boeing has identified the MIHAN SEZ as a potential site for a $100 million investment in creating maintenance, repair and overhaul facility (MRO). The airport will be backed by several value-adding economic activities, which will be covered by a SEZ spread over 1475 hectares. Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 15
3. Approach and methodology The process of City Sanitation Planning- Under the guidelines of NUSP and with the directives of Government of Maharahstra, the process of preparation of a City Sanitation Plan was initiated from August 2010. As per the process chalked out by GOI for preparation of CSPs for cities in India, NMC constituted a City Sanitation Task Force under the Chairmanship of Hon ble Mayor of the city. Various stakeholders which includes NGOs, individuals, NMC ward members and Officials from NMC have been included in this Task Force. With the assistance of All India Institute of Local Self Government and discussions at NMC level, the task force was formed Launching of 100% sanitation campaign is the main challenge infront of the Task Force. AIILSG and NMC facilitated meetings and discussions at NMC level for initiating the process of CSP and for collecting and collating the data from all wards and zones of NMC. The questionnaires for ward level and zone level data collection were explained to all Asst. Commissioners and Zonal officers and forms were distributed to all 10 zones in NMC. The 8 chapters in the questionnaire includes general information at zone level, assessment of availability of toilets and deficiency therein, sewerage, storm water drains, water supply and environment. There are chapters on requirements of each zone for the required sanitation facilities, mainly to achieve a 100% open defecation free city. The City Sanitation Task Force was constituted on 21/09/2010 under the chairmanship of Hon ble Mayor. Hon ble Mayor is Chairperson and Honble Commissioner is the convener of this city sanitation task force. The other members in this committee are Dy. Mayor, Ruling party leader, Opposition party leader, Asst. Commissioners, and few NGOs (Total 37 members). Number of orientation programmes were undertaken for all Asst. Commissioners, Head of Depts. and zonal officers. Subsequent meetings and inputs were given to zonal officers through one to one meetings and workshops. AIILSG guided them in data analysis, working out the gaps and finally budget requirement for the city for all sanitation components. NMC thus came up with an Budget plan of CSP in March 2011. STEPS TOWARDS CSP A. Baseline data Collection/Analysis and consolidation. - CSP Task force formulated ON 10/06/10. - 3 rounds of data verification/checking done by NMC / AIILSG. - Infrastructure gaps and shortfalls are worked out at zone level and its consolidation to city level. - Analysis completed on 28 th Feb 2011. Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 16
- Draft text of CSP report ready. - Submission of Draft report to AIILSG and to GOM by 25 th March 2011 Rounds of discussion with HODs and Concerned officials of Nagpur Municipal Corporation and AIILSG City level sanitation campaign - ``News published in local newspapers (Suggestions from citizens invited). - City level competitions on CSP are initiated. - Zone-wise PA system in each zone for 15 days. - Proposals invited from NGO s towards their possible contribution in CSP for IEC, School level intervention & general awareness. - 200 Banners displayed at all zonal offices and NMC buildings. - 15 Street plays in all 10 zones for public awareness on CSP. ``2 lakh SMS sent for sensitization on CSP inviting suggestions. `` Calendars and Posters for awareness prepared and displayed at strategic locations in the city Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 17
Steps of CSP - step 1 Baseline data Collection step 2 step 3 Gaps identification estimating requirements towards sanitation components -toilets, SWM, sewerage etc. step 4 working out required budget Authentic data was collected from all wards and zones and is compiled and analyzed. The analysis depicted the gaps in the infrastructure and required estimates are also worked out. CSP is thus formulated with involvement of all officers and technical staff and ZOs from Health dept. from NMC. Public awareness on CSP For making aware citizens of Nagpur about the City Sanitation Planning, NMC s Health Dept. has undertaken a number of activities- - Publication in newspapers for inviting suggestions to improve sanitation - - 15 Street plays in all 10 zones with a message of proper garbage disposal, noise pollution and citizen s role in CSP. - Proposals from NGOs invited towards launching a 100% sanitation campaign. - IEC in form of banners, pamphlets, stickers have been prepared by NMC. Banners are displayed in all zonal offices of NMC, NMC schools and NMC hospitals etc. for knowledge of citizens. - Competitions have been taken in two categories on the subject of Vision Nagpur- City Sanitation Plan (Category A below 18 years- Mainly conducted in NMC and private schools in all zones and Category B Above 18 years for citizens, NGOs, private stakeholders etc). 3 competitions mainly for slogans, posters and essays were organized and the 3 prizes for each category were announced. A committee reviewed the material and the display of all posters, slogans was organized and prizes were given at the hands of Honble Mayor of Nagpur in a function. - In every zone, PA system giving a specific message of necessary actions by citizens to make Nagpur- Clean and Green was operational for 15 days who day through. The vehicle covered almost all parts of Nagpur including the remote areas and inaccessible areas too. - SMS were sent to 2 lakh people in city of Nagpur asking for their suggestions. Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 18
- Suggestions received from professionals, NGOs, citizens through e- communication. - NGOs have submitted proposals towards their role in CSP in future towards school sanitation, environmental awareness and behavioural change. These will be helpful towards launching a 100% sanitation campaign in the city. Suggestions from citizens Suggestions and demand towards improvement of sanitation conditions within the city of Nagpur are received through emails or through post. The following pie diagram shows the priority of people s suggestions. Citizens suggestions towards CSP ENVIRONMENT 27% IMPROVING SANITATION FACILITIES 41% IMRPOVING SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT 32% Table 4 Aspirations of citizens IMPROVING SANITATION FACILITIES 41% Replace public toilets with Sulabh type of latrines proper and hourly cleaning of public latrines is must Sulabh toilet units for floating population installation of Male/Female urinals at chowks, markets and bus stations etc IMRPOVING SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT-32% composting of biodegrdabale waste is must Ban plastic Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 19
Install litter bins on footpaths allocate garbage collection to different contractors for each zone remove garbage dumps near parks penalise the uncivic behavior (such as spitting, garbage etc) Plan for E waste and biodegradable waste ENVIRONMENT -27% Build more parks and green spaces maintaining footpaths and roads Save water facilitate efficient public transport with CNG to reduce air pollution rain water harvesting to be compulsary regular cleaning of storm water drains and sewer lines Inclusive approach Social Mapping in urban poor settlements Training on Social Mapping of urban poor communities was imparted to Community organizers and CBO members from communities on 15 th and 16 th Nov 2010. The purpose of this training was to make vasti sanghatikas aware about tools of data collection from communities in order to include peoples voice in CSP process. With an aim to include the grass roots and assess their requirements towards Improved Sanitation, social mapping was undertaken in 100 slums of Nagpur. Participatory tools such as RPA which included focused group discussions, sanitations mapping, time line, trend analysis, problem tree etc, has been applied in different sets in different slums as per requirement. The slums for intervention for social mapping were chosen based on the situational analysis and where need is felt. Direct interaction with the urban poor was the main aim of this process at Nagpur. In way of discussion and meetings facilitated through innovative participatory tools, actual situation could be analyzed. The process was undertaken in a time period of 15 days with the help of 28 trained and skilled volunteers. The analytical report is attached is attached in (h)-social mapping. Social Mapping Objectives - In general, the RPA objective is to identify the sanitation problems and the community expectations to solve their problems using their own ability in a rapid and systematic way. The objectives are; To identify community problems and needs or the community plan to solve their sanitation problems. To identify the community ability to provide contribution for sanitation improvement. To understand demographic profile of the community Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 20
To assess socio-economic status of the community and to develop better understanding about Sanitation needs, demands and challenges of community sanitation planning. Schedule of social mapping 24 volunteers (12 groups) undertook social mapping for 10 days (1 slum by 1 group per day) in 100 slums of Nagpur. The slums (Zonewise) were shortlisted by NMC. Tools used - Sanitation Mapping - Used as the first tool to draw the same picture of the site/village/hamlet and surrounding based on participants perspectives. The sanitation mapping shows- Main Street, water taps, wells, water tankers, related to water services, rivers, open drains, places of open defecation, grounds, houses, and important places etc. Time line: A tool to be used to identify and to study the experiences gained by the community towards community level infrastructure development. Transect Walk: a tool to be used to identify and to study the condition of the existing sanitation in the neighborhood by conducting a direct observation. This tool is also used to assess the community satisfaction towards the existing sanitation facilities. Problem tree: A tool to be used to identify and to study community sanitation problems as well as the cause and effect. This tool is also used to identify priorities of how the community feels about problems. This method is useful to assess experiences of self-help infrastructure development, community willingness to contribute, technical feasibility for sanitation infrastructure, local institutional preparedness. Various participatory tools and data collection methodologies being used for collecting data from Urban poor communities in Nagpur Social Mapping in Slums Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 21
4. City sanitation plan elements a. Status of Toilets Out of 5,24982 households in the city of Nagpur, 5,10266 households (i.e. 97%) are served with an individual latrine facility. A population of 73580 is served through community toilets constructed by NMC. Many of the community toilets are now dilapidated & are constructed long back. A population of 35895 i. e. approximately 7179 households are un-served meaning that they are not provided with any kind of toilet facility, though this proportion is as low as 1.5% at city level. This population is resorting to open defecation in open grounds, roadsides, nallah sides. Highest number of locations of open defecation is seen in zone number 9. Zones 1, 2, 8, 9 and 10 show majority of Un-served population while the central zones are served with toilet facilities. As Nagpur Municipal Corporation has come up with a policy of providing Individual latrine facility rather than community or public facility, it is suggested to construct either Individual latrines or Sulabh type model. This will assure long term sustenance and effective operation and maintenance. NMC is already demolishing community toilets at number of places and individual are suggested for the community households. Currently, individual toilets are provided through funds of ward members in each ward depending on the demand by community households. For the unserved floating population, NMC suggests to construct a comprehensive Sulabh model of 16 to 20 seats as per the space availability at strategic locations within markets, commercial establishments, bus stations or other crowded areas within the city. Table 5 status of toilets & urinals Number of HHs Numbers Total Number of HHs 524982 Number of HHs served with Individual toilets Number of HHs served Community toilets 510266 7587 Unserved population 35645 Proposed Individual toilets 4882 Proposed seats for Sulabh toilet Reconstruction of old public toilets 307 800 Proposed Number of Urinals 200 Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 22
Sulabh Shouchyalaya model Community toilets in one of the slums of Nagpur The expected number of seats of Sulabh toilets or individual toilets as well as urinals along with the estimates is mentioned in the table below. Table 6 Estimates for sanitation infrastructure zone 1. Number of public toilet seats required 2. number of individual toilet seats required ESTIMATES FOR SANITARY INFRASTRCTURE FOR NAGPUR (ZONEWISE) cost per unit total cost 3. number of urinals required 1 2 3 1 2 3 total cost 1 80 50 100000 20000 40000 8000000 0 2000000 10000000 2 36 24 100000 20000 40000 3600000 0 960000 4560000 3 15 100000 20000 40000 0 0 600000 600000 4 30 50 30 100000 20000 40000 3000000 1000000 1200000 5200000 5 80 15 100000 20000 40000 8000000 0 600000 8600000 6 10 100000 20000 40000 0 0 400000 400000 7 81 15 100000 20000 40000 8100000 0 600000 8700000 8 450 30 100000 20000 40000 0 9000000 1200000 10200000 9 3906 5 100000 20000 40000 0 78120000 200000 78320000 10 476 6 100000 20000 40000 0 9520000 240000 9760000 307 4882 200 100000 20000 40000 30700000 97640000 8000000 136340000 (Source base line data collected analysed from Zones through questionnaires ) City of Nagpur has few urinals for male population. High court has given directives for construction or installation of more number of urinals in proportion to the floating population. Thus, NMC has planned to install urinals for both male and female population within the city. Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 23
Reconstruction of community toilets There are around 1600 community toilet seats in Nagpur and they are as old as 30 years. NMC suggests reconstructing 50% of the seats to be reconstructed. Thus, 800 new seats on a Sulabh Model will be provided for slum pockets. Care takers rooms at Sulabh toilets Few toilets disposes Sewage directly to Nallah Zone wise identified Open Defecation Spots Table 7 Zonewise open defecation spots Number Zone name / number Name of open defecation location Ward No. of OD spots 1 1 Laxmi Nagar Vaishali Nagar (Chinch Bhavan) 121 2 2- Dharampeth Balaji Mandir road 45 3 Kabrasthan road 44 Hanumaan Nagar NIL 4 4-Dhantoli Chitrakala Mahavidyalay 88 5 Gymkhana 88 6 Model mill Chowl 78 5- Nehru Nagar NIL 6- Gandhi Bagh NIL 7- Satranjipura NIL 7 8- Lakadganj Dipty signal area 27 8 Udiya moholla, bhandewadi railway 30 station 9 Vijay nagar 4 10 Kalamana 4 11 Wanjra 4 12 Bharatwada 4 13 9- Ashi Nagar Garib nawaj nagar 6 14 Vanadevi nagar 3 15 Dhammadeep nagar 3 16 Sangam Nagar 3 17 Khaja Bande Nawaj Nagar 7 18 Jaripatka ring road 9 19 Mangalwari bazaar 10 20 Indora Maidan 21 21 CMPDI Jaripatka 10 22 Samta Nagar 8 Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 24
23 Martin Nagar 1 24 Pioli Nadi 2 25 10- Magalwari zone Makar dhokla 14 26 Ganga Nagar 14 27 Mitha neem 43 28 Gond pura 43 29 Bijli nagar 43 30 Gitti Khdan 44 (Source - survey done by Sanitary Inspectors) 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 zone 1 number of open defecation spots zone zone zone zone zone zone zone zone zone 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 number of open defecation spots Table 8 - Budget required for making Nagpur Open defecation Free Item Cost per unit Total budget required Construction of Individual toilets 4882 20000/- 9.764 crores Construction of Public toilets (307) 1,00,000/- 3.07 crores Construction of Urinals (200) 40,000/- 0.8 crores Reconstruction of old public toilets (800) 100000/- 8 crores Total cost 21.63 crores Say 22 Cr. O and M (annual cost @5% of total cost) 2 crore per year Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 25
Note Proposals for construction of toilets (Individual) are sent to Government under SRA/BSUP schemes and Sujal Nirmal Abhiyaan scheme. The same are not considered in the above mentioned demand. Urinals (existing) at few locations in the city. Few spots of open defecation still exists. Back side of community toilets Provision of Budget for ODF through Municipal Budget- NMC proposes to meet this budgetary requirement / capital investment for making open defecation free Nagpur over a period of 5 years, i.e. 5 crores per year for next 5 years and an additional O and M funds from 50 lakh for first year to 2 crore for 5 th year and Rs 2 crore after 5 th year. This provision will ensure sustenance of created sanitation facilities in future. In addition, CDF (city development fund) under Jnnurm (which is in form of loan of Rs. 2 lakh per day i.e Rs 36 crores per year) will be continued even after completion period of Jnnurm. This will help implementation and installation of CSP in coming years. Year Table 9- Budgetary provision from NMC Budget provision in NMCs budget (Capital investment ) 2011-12 5 crores 50 lakhs 2012-13 5 crores 1 crore 2013-14 5 crores 1.5 crores 2014-15 5 crores 2 crores 2015-16 5 crores 2 crores Total 25 crores 6 crores 2016 onwards 2 crores Budget provision in NMCs budget (Operation & Maintenance) Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 26
Operation and Maintenance of public toilets and urinals Towards Maintenance and repairs of public toilets, NMC would like to propose Annual O and M cost to be included in the Municipal budget. After 2016 (after capital investment), O and M budget per year would be required for the sustenance of the facilities provided for the citizens. (say around 2.00 crore per year would be provided.) Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 27
b. Sewerage system - Table 10 Benchmark for sanitation and sewerage system S. No Proposed indicator Benchmark Current status Expected target Mar 2012 1 Coverage of toilets 100% 80% 85% 2 Coverage of sewage network 100% 70% 75% services 3 Collection efficiency of 100% 24% 46% sewage network 4 Adequacy of sewage 100% 24% 46% treatment capacity 5 Quality of sewage treatment 100% 100% 100% 6 Extent of reuse and recycling 20% 1% 3% sewage 7 Efficiency in redressal of 80% 50% 60% customer complaints 8 Extent of cost recovery in 100% 100% 100% sewage management 9 Efficiency in collection of sewage charges 90% 60% 65% The current sewerage system covers 70% of the city. Pumping and treatment facilities is inadequate; out of 345 MLD, only 80 MLD is collected and treated. The system is divided into three zones North, South and Central. The situation is worse in the north zone. Less than 50% of the sewage is collected, which is disposed into the rivers without any treatment. Sewerage system The drainage function of an urban local body is related to the disposal of wastewater and storm water. This is carried out either through underground piped drains (sewers) or surface drains, which may be covered or open. Ideally, storm water drainage should be separate from the wastewater drainage system. But most of the cities in India do not have an adequate drainage system to carry the wastewater. So, often the sewage flows through surface drains, which are supposed to carry storm water. In the case of Nagpur, only 66% of the city has underground sewers. In the case of the rest of the city, the sewage flows in open drains, which often get choked causing unhygienic conditions. In 1943, Nagpur Improvement Trust (NIT) prepared sewerage scheme for the old Nagpur city area; it was installed in the year 1964. Thereafter NMC made additions and alterations to the sewerage system. Slopes in the city are from west to east in general. The sewerage system consists mainly of gravity sewers, which are designed to take the maximum advantage of the natural slopes. There is only one pumping station and treatment plant at Bhandewadi. Based on topography, Nagpur city is divided into three sewerage zones namely North Sewerage Zone (NSZ), Central Sewerage Zone (CSZ) and South Sewerage Zone (SSZ). Currently, about 345 MLD of sewage is generated in the city on average (as per NMC s estimate). It increases to 600 MLD in the peak season. Of the total sewage generated, only 40% flows through the sewers. The rest flows through the city s open drains. The situation is worse in the monsoon season. Of 345 MLD of sewage Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 28
generated across the city, only a part of the flow, about 100 MLD is collected and treated. This is mainly from the CSZ. Sewage from the northern and southern zones and the remaining sewage from the central zone flow into the nallahs without any treatment. This leads to extremely high levels of pollution in the water bodies of Nagpur. Of the three zones, the situation is worst in the north zone. The collected sewage is presently disposed directly in the Nag River, constructed drains and Pili River without any treatment. There are about 26000 manholes in the zone of which about 50% are choked. The system is heavily silted and needs cleaning. The density of population is quite high in this zone. 50% of City the area does not have any sewerage system. There is also a severe lack of toilets. As a result, a large part of the population resorts to open defecation. This leads to unhygienic conditions in the area and pollution of ground water. Sewage generation and treatment Proposed schemes In next 30 years Nagpur will become a development center envisaged development of cargo hub, Mihan Airforce center, Koradi & Khaparkheda Thermal Power station. Development of Educational Institutions, Research Cells, Commercial establishment and this it is most necessary to undertake Sewage Development scheme natural terrain & topography of Nagpur, the scheme are divided into 3 Zones. North Zone Central Zone South Zone ` NW & E part of Nagpur `Central Part `South West Part Sewage Generation & Treatment:- As per the CPHEEO Norms (Design criteria for Water Supply) considering 150 lpcd, 120 lpcd of Sewage is generated & adding the 5% extra for ground water percolation total of 126 lpcd sewage is generated. Thus North, Central & South Zone considering further population growth following sewage will be zone-wise. Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 29
Table 11- sewage generation from 3 sewage zones in Nagpur Projected year North Sewerage Zone Central Sewerage Zone South Sewerage Zone Total projected population population Sewerage (MLD) population Sewerage (MLD) Population Sewerage (MLD) in Nagpur City Total Sewage Generation in Nagpur City (MLD) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2011 932042 117.44 1131364 142.55 677828 85.40 2741234.00 345.39 2026 1471378 185.39 1503991 189.50 1076338 135.63 4051707.00 510.52 2041 2235152 281.63 2067129 260.45 1666178 209.95 5968459.00 752.03 Central zone is a thickly populated area where underground sewer-line is proposed. The Sewage generated from this zone is treated at Bhandewadi sewage treatment plant (70-80MLD). The considering sewer-line (are developed) leakage, the plant operates 80% efficiency. Considering the projected population of 2011 around 345 MLD wastewater is generated. The sewage generation is more in monsoon season only about 20% waste water as treated at the treatment unit presently around 265 MLD waste water is disposed off in Pioli nadi Nag river. In the remaining zones, about 70% area is covered with underground sewage the length of sewer line in Nagpur is 1670 km and diameter is 100 mm to 1800 mm. The waste water is collected through open drains in many places NMC proposes to complete 100% sewage coverage by 2041. This includes collection transportation & treatment of sewage. North Sewerage Zone North Sewerage zone has 6 sub zone with any area of 84.18 Sq.km 366.30 kms sewerage (undergrounds) as available in zone 3 sewerage treatment plants are proposed 763.70kms is proposed in north zone The proposed estimated cost in Rs. 552.413 crores Central Sewerage Zone- Central Sewerage zone has 5 sub zone with an area of 73.73 sq.kms 696.075 km underground sewerage is available 2 sewerage treatment plants are proposed Length of Sewer line proposed is 238.62 kms Estimated cost is Rs.333.37 crores Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 30
South Sewerage Zone South Sewerage Zone is divided into 4 sue zone with any area of 37.59 sq.km 2 STPS are proposed Existing length of sewer lines is 452 kms Proposed sewer line 192.67 kms Estimated cost - 336.36 crores Budgetary provision - All the above proposals are submitted under inform to central govt. the estimated cost of the project is as under Table 12- Budget required for treatment of sewage v flojst dsaunz k jkt; euikpk,dw.k Qst okbzt [kpz +dz a + >ksu + klukpk fgllk ¼50%½ kklukp k fgllk ¼20% ½ fgllk ¼30%½ izdyi jk kh ¼dksVh #-½ + Phase 1 Phase 2 Design Design population population 2011 & 2026 2026-2041 1 mrrj flojst >ksu 276-21 110-48 165-72 552-413 Qst 1& v 270-52 Qst 1& c 186-77 95-123 2 e/; flojst >ksu 3 nf{k.k flojst >ksu,dww.k jk kh 166-67 66-67 100-01 333-37 237-37 95-38 168-19 67-27 100-90 336-63 236-05 100-31 611-09 244-42 366-63 1222-143 931-33 290-813 Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 31
Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 32
Current status - The required funds cannot be met by NMCs local funds. If funds are received early, NMC plans to complete the above work by 2015. A budget of around 900 crores is required by NMC from the the Government to start the work as stated above. MMRDA (Nodal agency for State Government) has approved Phase 1 A budget of 270.52 crores for North Sewerage zone. The DPR for southern sewerage zone costing Rs. 336.63 crores is recently approved by General Body of NMC. The Central sewerage zone STP will be funded by MahaGenco and they have opened the technical bids on 24 th Mar 2011. This project will be on PPP basis. In addition to this, NMC is proposing 4 Decentralised Wastewater Treatment Plants on the belt of Nag River under the NRCP project. Around 10 MLD of wastewater is proposed to be treated by constructing Decentralised units across the length of Nallah at the sewage ingress points. Separate Budget will be required for this effort of NMC from Government. Byelaws modifications towards recycling of black water - ADTP has proposed amendment in municipal bye laws towards treatment and recyling of black water. The state is expected to soon take a decision on this. ISO Certified sewage treatment plant at Bhandewadi Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 33
Best Practices by Nagpur Municipal Corporation - 1. Promoting water reuse by NMC The city of Nagpur is water-short now and all water resources are stressed beyond their capacity. Anticipated population increases and future development will exert greater stress upon the remaining water supplies thus widening the gap between demand and supply of water. It is said that Nagpur can become water surplus from a water stress region with water reuse in the master plan. NMCs consumer survey has shown broad receptivity for large scale water reuse. In Nagpur, central railway is recycling and using treated recycled water for washing of platforms, track aprons and bogies. Components of NMC-Maha GENCO proposal for reuse of wastewater NMC MahaGenco proposal of Rs. 130.10 crores has been approved by GoI. The capital grant of 70% Jnnurm (GOI 70%, State- 50%) and NMC s share 30%. First installment has been received by NMC. NMC share of capital cost will be met by MahaGenco. O and M cost will be borne by MahGenco for 30 years. MahaGenco will pay water tariff of Rs. 15 Crores per year to NMC. BENEFITS of the project- Additional revenue of Rs. 15 crores per anum to NMC Saving of 110 MLD of fresh water, sufficient to cater 0.8 million population New STP of 110 mld will improve ecology and environment of water bodies Saving in energy cost as alternative source need huge energy for pumping Reliable and economical source of water for power plant GoI may decide the policy at National level. 2. Sewage treatment plant - ISO 14001:2004 STAGE WISE WORK CARRIED OUT I - STAGE 1) Decided to going for our 100 MLD STP getting ISO 14001:2004. 2) Appointed consultancy for proper guideline about ISO 14001:2004. 3) Conducted training to NMC employees & contractors employees for awareness of ISO 14001:2004. II STAGE 1) Document required by the EMS & by this international std. to be prepared like policy, Objective, EMP, manual & procedure & other records related to 14001:2004. 2) Through site inspection, the identification of aspect is prepared. In which decided, if any aspect is having total score greater than or equal to 15 then it is considered as significant aspect. Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 34
3) Decided to separate all record departments wise. 4) Department wise responsibility & authority is given to separate person. 5) For increasing competence level different training conducted. 6) Prepared list of legal requirement & fulfilled all legal requirement, list is enclosed. 7) To identify the needs to upgrade the skill training calendar prepared. According to training Calendar training will be provide 8) Safety committee is formulated. One meeting is held during six month. 9) All safety equipment such as helmets, safety shoes &safety belt &hand gloves purchased & provided to all employees. III - STAGE 1) Environment related record newly made. 2) Environment related instrument like RDS machine, noise level meter, ph meter and Turbidity meter are purchased & maintain its record. 3) Mock drill of fire & accident conducted and its records maintained. 4) Arrange environment related slogan competition. Prepared & maintain record. Also selected Slogans are displayed around the plant. IV - STAGE 1) Document s required by the EMS & by this international standard to be controlled. 2) Prepared document approved for adequacy prior to issue. 3) Changes & current revision status maintained as & when required. 4) Prepared document are easily legible & readily identifiable. 5) Conduct internal audit at regular interval i.e. after Six month. 6) Conduction of management review meeting. ISO 14001 certification for sewage treatment plant of NMC Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 35
c. Storm water drainage The city s natural drainage pattern is excellent, with suitable topography and a natural gradient. There are two major natural streams Nag and Pilli and several connecting nallahs running across the city. But with construction and man-made alterations, the natural system has been inadequate and needs to be supplemented by a scientific drainage system. Currently, only 30-35% of the roads have storm water drains. These also carry sewage and hence often get chocked and flooded. Both coverage and design need to be improved. Table 13 - Benchmarks for Storm water drainage S. No Proposed indicator 1 Coverage of storm water drainage network Benchmark Current status Expected target Year of fulfillment / achievement 100% 24% 30% 2011-12 60% 2012-13 2 Incidence of water logging and flooding 100% 2013-14 Existing network of SWD is 960 km since 2010 and approximate 75% existing needs to be replaced with adequate SWD) 0 45 10-15% 2011-12 Proposed phasing to achieve service level benchmark will be subject to availability of funds. Table 14- budget required for storm water drains Existing drains Proposed length of Cost in crores drains (road side) North zone 323.48 1690 1256 Central zone 461 961 752 South zone 153 1390 1065 Total 937 kms 4041 kms 3073 crores** ** above estimated cost of DPR includes construction of road side drains in new developing areas, renovation of existing drains, improvement of major and minor natural drain in zone, widening and deepening of natural drains etc and other miscellaneous works related to above. Cost estimates are based on PWD CSR 2009-10 With the improvement, chances of water logging will also come down subsequently. Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 36
The existing storm water drainage system is inadequate. With houses, roads, footpaths, etc. coming up, the permeable area decreases and rain water cannot properly percolate. Thus storm water drainage becomes imperative to avoid water logging and resultant wear and tear of roads. The necessity for and design of storm water drainage depends on climatic conditions, i.e., incidence of rainfall and natural drainage, watershed and topography. Nagpur city has a very good natural drainage pattern. The city has a suitable topography with a natural gradient in one direction i.e. from west to east. There are two major storm water carrying streams. The Nag River starts from the Ambazari Lake s overflow weir at the western end of the city and runs through the middle of the city towards the east. It caters to the storm water drainage requirement of part of west Nagpur, south Nagpur, central Nagpur and east Nagpur. The second river or the Pili River starts from the waste weir of Gorewada at the northwest end of the city and runs through the north to the eastern end of the city. It caters to the storm water drainage requirement of part of west Nagpur and north Nagpur. Besides these, there are some important connecting Nallahs also running along and across the city, connected to the Nag and Pili Rivers. At present, only 30-35 % of the road network is covered by the storm water drainage system of open drains and closed drains. Almost all storm water drains are flooded due to carrying both storm water and sewer flow. In the monsoon (peak period), there are problems of backflow in the sewers that lead to unhygienic conditions and outbreak of epidemic. There is a need to rejuvenate the natural drainage pattern by de-silting the natural drains, rivers and nallahs and removing the blockages in the natural drainage paths. To support the natural system, the storm water drainage network along the roads also needs to be strengthened in terms of coverage and capacity. Storm water drains DPR - The report provides the Draft Detailed Project Report for the storm water drainage system for Nagpur Municipal Corporation. The consultancy work for the master plan / perspective plan for storm water drainage system for Nagpur City for the year 2041 has been awarded by the Nagpur Municipal Corporation to M/s Shah Technical Consultants (P) Ltd., Mumbai. The Inception Report and the Master Plan Report for the consultancy work was submitted to Nagpur Municipal Corporation. As part of the project requirements a Draft Detailed Project Report (DPR) containing detailed design, cost estimate and implementation for the storm water drainage system is now being submitted. The DPR is organized into the following Zones- 1. North Zone. 2. Central Zone. 3. South Zone. Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 37
Aim of DPR :- The aim of the present consultancy assignment is to make readily available document for the implementation of technically sound and viable schemes forming integral parts of a comprehensive storm water drainage system for Nagpur City. The assignment includes preparation of Master Plan for a storm water drainage system, feasibility studies and preparation of Draft Detailed Project Report for the master plan components, contract procurement and provision of technical support during construction. DPR Contents :- 1. Sector background context and Broad project Rationale. 2. Project concept and scope. 3. Project cost. 4. Project intimation framework (for construction.) 5. Project financing structuring. 6. Project Phasing. 7. Project O and M planning. 8. Project financial viability and sustainability. 9. Project benefits assessment. Existing Storm water Drainage System :- Nagpur City has an area of 217.56 sq.km. The present (Year 2007) population is 25.49 Lakh. The projected population for the year 2041 is 62.75 Lakhs. The annual rainfall is 1000 mm. Existing storm water drainage system in Nagpur City covers 3 major storm water carrying streams i.e. the Pioli river, Nag river and Pora river which falls outside NMC boundary. The Pioli river starts from the gate of Gorewada tank at the northwest end of the city runs through the north to the eastern end of the city. Final disposal of storm-water from part of west Nagpur and north Nagpur is into this river through minor and major nallahs. Proposed Storm water Drainage System The primary goal of storm drain design is to minimize water logging and limit the amount of water flowing on the travel way or ponding at sag points in the roadway grade to quantities that will not interfere with the passage of traffic for the design frequency storm. Drainage Basin in Project Area Project area is divided in three river valleys. 1st in north zone i.e. Pioli river basin, 2nd in central zone i.e. Nag river basin and 3rd in south zone i.e. Pora river basin. Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 38
Operation & Maintenance The drainage system is at its best when it is maintained as properly as designed. For this purpose, it is necessary that the drains keep this shape and slope in the designed manner during their life time. It is also necessary to ensure that the drains retain their full cross section particularly for the monsoon. Maintenance can be classified into the 3 categories (a) tenuous regular maintenance (b) Periodical maintenance and (c) Special maintenance / repairs of improvements. The SWD system do not require any specific operation. However, periodic cleaning of water entrants are required in the monsoon period. Desilting of Nallahs before and after monsoon is necessary. Operation and Maintenance Cost includes (i) Establishment (ii) Maintenance of machinery (iii) Maintenance cost of drains, nallah and river. O&M cost works out Rs.10 Crore. These expenses / cost are estimated to increase every year depending on various factors and mainly as price Escalation. Project Financing The funding pattern for the capital works / capital expenditure as suggested as follows: Funding Agency Source % of Total Investment GOI Grant JNNURM 50% GOM Grant JNNURM 20% Local Bodies NMC 30% It is assumed that all the future works under this proposal shall be funded mainly through the 70% grants available and the balance 30% arranged by NMC through its own savings, deposits and further deficit by loans. Organization Setup / Institutional Management It is desirable to have a separate operation and maintenance setup for storm water drainage management. It is proposed to have a centralized unit for each drainage zone with support staff at ward level to address the day to day maintenance. The maintenance work such as desilting of river, nallah and drain can be outsourced. The O&M of machinery also can be given on contract basis to reduce the burden in employees in NMC. Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 39
Project Implementation It is proposed that the execution of project will be completed within a period of 3 years and planned accordingly. The priority or phasing of works can be as follows 1st Phase - Rejuvenation of rivers and improvement of culverts and bridges 2nd Phase - Improvement of nallah 3rd Phase - Development of roadside drain If need arises works shall progress from the downstream side of the river and outfall of nallahs as per the feasibility. The roadside drains can be developed along with the development of roads. Table 15- Project Cost and other details S.No. Particulars North Zone Central Zone South Zone Total 1. Total Length of 323484.00 386256.00 230000.00 939740.00 SWD in meter 2. Length of drain is replaced in meter 74000.00 (25%) 118000.00 (31%) 130000.00 (57%) 322000.00 3. Length of Major 48302.00 37119.00 30265.00 115686.00 Nallah in meter 4. Length of Minor 27625.00 18375.00 30595.00 76595.00 Nallah in meter 5 Length of River in meter 34547.00 47930.00 47930.00 130407.00 6. Total estimated 1258.00 754.00 1067.00 3079.00 capital cost in Crore 7. Total O & M cost in Crore. 10.00 10.00 10.00 30.00 Table 16- Length Statement of SWD S.No. Particulars North Zone Central Zone South Zone Total 1 Close RCC 165361.00 207249.00 70977.00 443587.00 Drain UCR 0.00 315.00 0.00 315.00 2 Open RCC 59561.00 37877.00 7388.00 104826.00 Drain UCR 4237.00 362.00 0.00 4599.00 3 Pipe RCC 88543.00 212157.00 72802.00 378101.00 Line SWG 635.00 1560.00 187.00 2382.00 4 Unlined Drain 5147.00 1483.00 1682.00 8312.00 Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 40
d. Solid waste Management Table 17 Benchmarks for Solid waste Management S. No Proposed indicator Benchmark Current status 1 Household level coverage of solid waste management services 2 Efficiency of collection of municipal solid waste 3 Extent of segregation of municipal solid waste 4 Extent of municipal solid waste recovered 5 Extent of scientific disposal of municipal solid waste 6 Efficiency in redressal of customer complaints 7 Extent of cost recovery in SWM services 8 Efficiency in collection of SWM charges Expected target Year of fulfillment / achievement 100% 90% 95% 2013 100% 80% 90% 2013 100% 60% 90% 2013 80% 40% 70% 2015 100% 50% 80% 2012 80% 50% 70% 2014 100% 10% 25% 2015 90% 40% 50% 2015 I. Management of Municipal Solid Waste Municipal Solid Waste includes commercial and residential wastes generated in a municipal or notified areas in either solid or semi - solid form excluding industrial hazardous wastes but including treated bio-medical waste. Components of Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rule 2000 are as per following. 1) Collection of Municipal Solid Waste 2) Segregation of Municipal Solid Waste. 3) Storage of Municipal Solid Waste. 4) Transportation of Municipal Solid Waste. 5) Disposal and Processing of Municipal Solid Waste. II. III. Management of Bio Medical Waste Bin Free City Project Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 41
PRESENT STATUS : City of Nagpur Municipal Corporation is situated in centre of India. It is also called as Orange City. It is one of the greenest city in India. Nagpur city is well connected with the other parts of India through road as well as railway and air. Area - 217.56 Sq. Kilometer Sweeping Road length - 3460 Kilometers No. of Safai Karmachari - 3890 (Pmt) 4000 (Temp) Population - 25,00,000 Approx Households - 4,70,172 Shops & Offices - 58,620 Compost Depot./ Land fill - Bhandewadi (10 kms from centre) Number of administrative Zones- 10 Number of Wards - 136 wards MSW Generation - 750 TPD (Max 950-Min 600 TPD) No. of containers (Bins) - 170 1) Collection of Municipal Solid Waste A) Street Sweeping : The sweeping length of roads in the city is about 3400 kilometers as regards to cleaning. Every safai karmacharis has to sweep about an average of 700 meters (Max 900 mtrs and minimum 500 mtrs) daily depending upon the density of the population. Presently number of safai karmachari are about 7500 out of which actual daily working strength is around 6000. Out of this 5000 workers are engaged in road sweeping. Beat concept has been introduced for the sweeping of roads. One beat consist of a road length of 500,700 or 900 meters. Every employee has to sweep the fixed road length starting and end point of which is pre- Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 42
fixed. The solid waste collected in road sweeping is carried to the nearest collection centre and then to dumping yard. B) Door to door Collection Nagpur Municipal Corporation has engaged M/s. Kanak Resources Management for house to house collection of waste since June-2008. The scheme has been named as Bin Free City. Scheme ensures 100% house to house collection of garbage with growing percentage of segregation. D2D collection of waste is carried through vehicles. The vehicle for D2D collection includes ghanta gadi (Hand Cart), Cycle rikshaw, small automobile vehicles like. Tata mobile 207, TATA Ace, Mahindra loadking, Tata 407 etc. Under Bin Free City project the number of dust bins/containers has been reduced to around 170 which was around 700 previously. The garbage collected from the houses/ shops/ offices etc. is mostly transported to dumping station directly or through collection points. BACKGROUND 2004-2008: Door to door collection was being carried out by an NGO named as Centre for Development Communication (CDC), Jaipur. 2007: Swatchata Doot Aplya Dari (Sanitary Worker At your doorstep) scheme of CDC was selected twice as Good Practices by UN HABITAT 2007: To be in line with norms prescribed by Municipal Solid Waste (M&H) Rules; 2000 NMC decided to make Nagpur a Bin Free City. NMC invited bids for Door-to-Door garbage collection and transportation of waste. Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 43
i) Collection from Residential Areas Collection done using Automated hydraulic vehicles like Tata Ace, Mahindra Load king, Tata 207, Tata 407 and Tata 909 are utilized. Work begins at 6.30 in the morning. These vehicles make 2-3 trips each and carry 800 Kg to 1200 kg. (small vehicles) and 2 ton (large vehicle) of waste per trip. Twin Bin Tata Ace Vehicle for Household Waste Collection ii) Slums & Congested Localities Rickshaws and hand carts are utilized in areas which are not accessible by automobile vehicles. Bin Rickshaw for Household Waste Collection iii) Markets and Commercial Areas Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 44
Waste from vegetable markets, commercial areas, malls, shops, slaughter houses etc. is collected separately. IV) Waste from hotel, restaurants, mangal karyalas, lawns etc. is collected through special vehicles on payment basis. No. of hotels Mangal Karyalayas - 1000 approximately Charges- 1) Residential Hotels - Rs.5000/- Months 2) Hotels - Rs.1000/- Months 3) Medium sized Hotel - Rs. 500/- Months 4) Lawns & Mangal Karyalas - Rs.300/-per programme 2) Segregation of Waste Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 45
Segregation of waste is mostly done by the labours engaged in house to house collection of garbage. The recyclables like plastics, iron, papers etc. are separated by the labour and they themselves sell it to the Kabadiwala. NMC has authorized contractor to carry out this segregation activity. As the segregation is done before transportation to dumping NMC is saving about Rs.12 lakh on 60 TPD of garbage. NMC has also established mechanical segregation plant at Bhandewadi where remaining segregation is done. All efforts are being made through awareness campaigns for segregation of waste at source. 3) Storage of Municipal Solid Waste Under Bin Free city project no municipal solid waste is to be stored anywhere with some exception. Garbage collected from household, street sweeping etc. is directly shifted to dumping ground. In areas where the commercial activity continue through the day have been provided with containers. Approximate area of each ward - 1.5 to 2 sqr. Km. Approximate population of ward - 18000 to 2000 Approximate generation of MSW - 5 to 6 Metric Tons No. of community bins in a ward - 0 to 2 No. of community bins in all the ward - - 60 No. of community bins in market area - 80 No. of community bin in scattered wards - 30 Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 46
IMPACT of Bin Free City Project Reduction in the number of bins in the city 2008 Total Bins in the city 700 2009 - Total Bins in the city 225 2010 - Total Bins in the city 170 Many open garbage spots have been converted to parking space, tilled and beautified. Recyclable material trading with value addition due to segregation. Cost savings for municipal body Cleaner and healthier city 4) Transportation of Municipal Solid waste NMC has privatized the work of house to house collection and transportation at the rate of Rs. 449/- ton with on increase subject to WPI. Vehicles used for transportation of waste are covered from the top. Waste is not exposed to public or to environment. The transportation is done through following vehicles which also includes vehicles used for house to house collection. Table 18- Type of vehicles for transportation of municipal solid waste Types of Vehicle Qty. Capacity (in ton) Trips/day TATA Ace 80 1 3 TATA 407 10 1.5 2 Mahindra Load king 6 1.5 2 TATA 207 5 1.5 2 Compactors 10 14 2 Dumper Placers 13 4.5 5 Hook Loader 3 18 3 TATA 909 5 5 2 TATA 1210 14 6 2 Tippers 12 10 5 Rickshaws 450 0.03 3 JCB 3 - - Total 510 63.03 31 Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 47
All the containers are of closed type and open trucks are covered during the transportation. There is no handling of waste when the waste is transported and unloaded by the dumper placers & tippers. All the small vehicles like TATA ACE, TATA 207, Mahindra Load king are provided with tipping facility. Due to the increased segregation of municipal solid waste at the level of labours who collects garbage from houses and separates recyclables and disposed at their level before reaching to dumping yard. Table 19 - Reduction in Transportation Cost ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sr. No. Year Avg. TPD Per year Per day ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1. 2005-2006 282579 774 2. 2006-2007 267012 731 3. 2007-2008 271195 743 4. 2008-2009 259309 710 5. Apr- 09-Jan-10 200736 656 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 48
5) Processing of Municipal Solid Waste A) Processing And Disposal of MSW Bhandewadi compost depot is reserved in the City Development Plan for the purpose of disposal of municipal solid waste. The land is about 10 kms from the centre of the city and measures 54 acres. The land is fenced with 8 ft. high wall. Concrete roads, drinking water, street lights are also provided in the dumping ground. Presently 750 tons per day of municipal solid waste is coming to the dumping ground. Nagpur Municipal Corporation has allotted the work of treatment, processing and disposal of municipal solid waste to M/s.Hanjer Biotech Energies Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai as per the Municipal Solid Waste (Handling & Disposal) Rules 2000. The tender is on BOT basis for 12 years and Hanjer Biotech has quoted the rate of Rs. 26 crores. The following constituents shall be derived from the municipal solid waste as per the DPR of the company. 1) Manure - 30% 2) Pallets & RDF - 30% 3) Bricks & Sand - 17% 4) Plastic & other recyclable - 5% 5) Rejects - 18% Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 49
The project work was started 15 months back. In the first phase the garbage which was dumped since 30-40 years all over 54 acres has been brought to one place. This will be covered with HDP liner and a thick layer of soil will be given on the liner for plantation. Presently daily 600 tons of garbage is being processed and disposed scientifically. Manure, green coal, bricks, sand etc. are produced out the municipal solid waste. The capacity of plant is about 1000 TPD. The land fill site for the rejected material is also under construction. B] VERMICOMPOSTING Vermi-composting of food waste from hotel, restaurant, mangal karyalaya etc, is done which is collected separately. About 8-10 tons of food waste is collected daily out of which 1/3 is converted into vermin-compost. Vermi-compost is used in the NMC garden and also is open for sale. II) MANAGEMENT OF BIO MEDICAL WASTE The treatment and disposal work of bio-medical waste of Nagpur city has been assigned to a private agency. In addition to indoor hospitals, dental clinics, dispensaries, blood banks, pathology laboratories, private ayurvedic, homeopathic colleges etc. have also been covered under this scheme. Nagpur Municipal Corporation is getting Rs. 23,50,000/- yearly as a royalty with 10% increase after every three years. A land admeasuring about ¼ acre belonging to NMC has been allotted to at Bhandewadi Nagpur. The project has been taken on Built Own and Operate basis. Government has sanctioned 30 years lease for the Project. The project was started in 2004. Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 50
Schedule of Charges 1) Hospital, Nursing Homes etc Rs.170/- per bed/per month on 60% occupancy. 2) Blood Bank Rs. 500/- Month 3) Dispensaries Rs. 200/- Month 4) Dental Clinic Rs. 500/- Month Above rate are revised in every 3 years in consultation with Indian Medical Association, Nagpur. III) Bin Free City Project History - In the city of Nagpur Municipal Corporation, like all other cities in India, the garbage generated in the city was collected and dumped in the dust bins /open dumps of every nuke and corner of the city. Nobody wants that dust bin /open dump of garbage to be situated nearby his house. In year 1996 the number of dust bin / open dumps in the city was near about 2000 spread all over the city. The number of vehicles for collection and transportation of this garbage from 2000 dust bins was about 60-70. One vehicle was used to collect garbage from 2-3 dust bins in a day. It was not possible to clear all 2000 spots in single day and the garbage could be seen lying every-where. In year 1997 Nagpur Municipal Corporation decided to introduce some mechanical means for collection and transportation of garbage and procured dumper placers with containers. About 700 containers were placed all over the city during the period of 1997-2000 reducing the total number of dust bins. Some of the old dust-bin /open dumps were closed permanently, some nearby dust-bin were closed and were brought at one spot and containers were placed. The idea behind keeping this container was that the citizen shall put their garbage into the containers. The number of dust bin / open dump was reduced to about 1200 from 2000 upto year 2000. Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 51
On the recommendation of the committee constitute by Hon ble Supreme Court of India, Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules 2000 were enforced. The main contents of rules are collection, segregation, storage, transportation, processing and disposal of municipal solid waste. The introduction of container system during year 1997-2000 improved the cleanliness level of the city to some extent. But the habit of people, throwing garbage outside the container could not be controlled. Most of the container and dust bin were seen with the spillage of garbage. In year 2003-2004 Nagpur Municipal Corporation introduced a scheme of Door-to-Door collection of garbage throughout the city with the help of NGO. Door-to-Door collection is one of the essential requirement of SWM rules 2000. The generator of the waste has to collect and store garbage which is generated, in small containers and further it is to be handed over to the person collecting daily garbage. Under this scheme a volunteer had to visit every house and collect garbage in cycle rikshaw / ghanta gadi. In a span of 6-7 hours the volunteer had to collect and unload his ghanta gadi to the nearest container/ dust bin which took about 2 hours for every loading and unloading. Also the garbage used to be unloaded out side the container which created unpleasant scenes. The Swachata Door Aplya Dari scheme was well appreciated. Due to spillage of garbage around the container and dust bins, demands to close or shift the containers still continued. The number of container / dust bins was further reduced to 600 during the 2003-2007. To overcome all shortcomings new scheme named Bin Free City was introduced in year 2008. Under this scheme most of the residential areas are freed from containers/ dust bins. The garbage collected from every house with the help of small vehicle or ghanta gadi is Shifted to temporary transfer stations without storage at any place like containers/ dust bins. Thus there is no need to keep containers/ dust bin within the residential areas with some exceptions. Only commercial areas have been provided with containers. Till to this date number of container/ dust bin has been brought down to about 170 and it is proposed to reduce the number up to 70-80 shortly. Nagpur city conceptualized door to door collection of Municipal Solid waste in the year 2000 in two zones. Seeing the encouraging response in 2002 Nagpur Municipal Corporation implemented this door to door collection scheme in all the ten zones of Nagpur successfully in association with a NGO. In 2007 NMC started thinking to make Nagpur city Bin free by synchronizing the existing Door to door collection with closed body fabricated hydraulic automobiles vehicles up to the dumping site directly or through intermediary transfer stations. This project is an ideal PPP project where the cooperation of the residents and the civic body is very necessary to make the project successful. Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 52
The Bin free project is an ideal model of a PPP project which started with the awareness campaigns and educating people on the importance of segregation and effective disposal of garbage. The basic concept of Bin free project is to make city free/ reduce the bins to minimum number and this can only be done by daily primary door to door collection of MSW. The secondary collection & transfer to the dump sites either by intermediate transfer station or directly by closed body fabricated hydraulic automobiles vehicles. In Nagpur city Kanak Resources Management Ltd has taken the primary collection with the help of door to door collectors by providing the scientifically designed rickshaws and hand carts (ghanta gadi) in congested localities. In localities, where small vehicles can operate, different load capacities of small hydraulic vehicles are being used like Tata Ace, Tata 207& 407, Mahindra loadking etc. The garbage of these primary collection vehicles is being transferred to the bigger closed body fabricated hydraulic automobiles vehicles for eg Compactors. These compactors directly take this garbage to the land fill site. In some cases the small door to door collection vehicles are taken to the transfer site from where this garbage is again shifted to the dumping yard in Hook loader containers having the capacity 15 CUM. In Nagpur total houses covered are about 5 lakh with an approx. population of 27 lakh. Kanak has to cover all types of commercial establishments as per the agreement. There are Approx 66000 shops, vegetable markets, restaurants & road side eateries in the city are covered. The City has been divided in to ten administrative zones with 136 electoral wards and the total area of the city cover is 217 sq Kms. This primary collection is being transferred to bigger vehicles (compactors) for direct transfer of garbage to the landfill site. By doing this activity the smaller vehicles get more time to cover more houses to collect the door to door collection. Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 53
In some cases to optimize the vehicle utility and economize the operations the secondary transfer station will be used. In this case the small door to door collection vehicles are taken to the transfer station to discharge the garbage in bigger containers (Hook loaders) to be shifted to land fill site. For commercial areas vegetable markets & shops etc. 4.5 CUM closed containers are used or kept in the corners to collect the waste. The Municipal Corporation also agrees and allows collecting the user charges for this from the beneficiaries without using the force. Identification of Four Transfer Station Locations: The 4 transfer locations identified and approved by the NMC are as follows: i) Jail road ii) Resham bagh iii) Sugat nagar iv) Mankapur Ghat The allotment of land for transfer station is under process. Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 54
SALIENT FEATURES Door to Door collection: Waste is handled only once Waste is transported in covered vehicles: hygienic model prevents spillage & foul smell. Waste directly transported to dumpsite: No burning of garbage No dumping in streets, drains and open places. Adds to the aesthetic value of the city by removing the unhygienic conditions that exist around the community bins. Nagpur city recognized as one of the cleanest cities in India. Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 55
e. Water Supply Table 20- Benchmarks for Water supply S. No Proposed indicator 1 Coverage of water supply connection 2 Per capita supply of water 3 Extent of metering of water connections 4 Extent of non revenue water NRW 5 Continuity of water supply 6 Quality of water supplied 7 Efficiency in redressal of customer complaints 8 Cost recovery in water supply services 9 Efficiency in collection of water supply related charges Benchmark Current status Expected target (2012) 100% 80% 85% 2015 135 lpcd 40% population@ 190 lpcd 30% population@100 lpcd 30%population @80 lpcd Average water supply 135 lpcd 83% 2015 100% 77% 83% 2015 20% 50% 40% 2016 24 hours 20%population-24 hrs 20%population-24 hrs 20% population- 8hrs 20% population- 8hrs 30% population- 4hrs 20% population 2 hrs 10% population 1 hr 30% population- 4hrs 20% population 4 hrs 10% population 2 hr 100% 77.86% 90% 2016 Year of fulfillment of benchmark June 2016 80% 50% 75% 2016 100% 93% 100% 2012 90% 73% 80% 2015 water supply Nagpur popularly known as orange city is having history of 300 years. It is a winter capital and second largest city of Maharashtra state and is Geographical centre of India. City administration is governed by Nagpur Municipal Corporation, constituted under CNC Act 1948 (city of Nagpur Corporation Act 1948). The city is spread over 217 Sq.Km. area and its present population is 2.4 Million. Nagpur Municipal Corporation (N.M.C.) is providing services of potable water through piped network to the citizen. Water works department of N.M.C. was looking after the entire services of potable water since 1936. However, vide Govt. of Maharashtra resolution dt.31.08.2009 a company named NAGPUR ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES LTD, (N.E.S.L.) has been formed to take care of all activities of water supply department. N.E.S.L. may take over the work of Sewage treatment, Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 56
however, presently it is managed by some other dept. of N.M.C. The main motto of formation of N.E.S.L. is to ring fence the budget of water sector from N.M.C. and to improve the services to be provided to the citizen. PRESENT STATUS OF WATER SUPPLY: 1 Source :- There are two major sources and one minor source of Raw Water as listed below. i) Kanhan river : 46 Mm 3 ii) Pench Kamptee Khairy Reservoir of Water Resources dept. : 190 Mm 3 iii) Gorewada lake of N.M.C. : 6 Mm 3 City is supplied with about 520 to 540 Million liters of water per day from the above listed sources. In addition to these sources there are approximately 450 open wells with electric pumps and about 5000 nos. of bore-wells with hand pumps. Water from open wells and bore wells is used by citizen for non potable use. 2 Water treatment plants: Water lifted from the sources stated above is treated at various water treatment plants and potable water is supplied to the city through 42 Nos. of MBR/GSR/ESR. Table 21- The capacity and location of W.T.P s Sr. No, Name of W.T.P. Source 1 Pench water treatment plant stage I, Gorewada 2 Pench water treatment plant stage II, Gorewada 3 Pench water treatment plant stage III, Gorewada 4 Gorewada pumping station 5 Kanhan water works, Kamptee. Pench reservoir Pench reservoir Pench reservoir Rated capacity 136 MLD 133 MLD 120 MLD Present W.S. 145 MLD 145 MLD 118 MLD Gorewa da lake 016 MLD 016 MLD Kanhan 108 120 river MLD MLD Total 513 544 Year of commenc ement 1982 1994 2003 1936 1942 Following processes are involved during water treatment: 1 Aeration at cascade aerator. 2 Pre-Chlorination 3 Coagulation by using liq. P.A.C. as coagulant Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 57
4 Sedimentation at Hopper bottom sedimentation tank/ clariflocculator/ pulsator / Multiflow. 5 Filtration using rapid sand filters. 6 Disinfection by using liq. Chlorine. In addition to above, Electro-chlorination (Generation of Hypochlorous acid by electrolysis of brine solution) system is provided at 10 different E.S.R/ G.S.R. for booster chlorination. 3 Transmission & Distribution of water: N.M.C. has to use pumps for lifting of raw water as well as supply of potable water to service reservoir thereby incurring huge expenditure towards electricity. Transmission of water is carried out by M.S. pipes with cement lining and gunniting of various sizes ranging from 600 mm. dia to 1200 mm dia and also through 400 to 600 mm dia C.I./DI/Cast steel pipes. Distribution of water is carried out from MBR/GSR/ESR. Distribution system has been divided into 10 zones as per command area of GSR/ESR. network is about 2100 km. Total length of various size of pipeline in the distribution N.M.C. has to spend approx. annually Rs. 76.42 crores on operation and maintenance work against the annual revenue of Rs. 71.392 crores. Though N.M.C. is supplying sufficient (522 to 540 MLD) water to the city, all part of city do not get continuous/ sufficient water. The main reason for the same are inequitable distribution of water due to non availability of adequate size pipe line network, less number of service reservoirs and physical losses. To overcome this issue N.M.C. has proposed a project, Rehabilitation Plan to Implement Continuous (24x7) Water Supply to the City. The project is approved for Rs. 387 cr. under the scheme Javaharlal Neharu National Urban Renovation Mission (JnNURM). About 70% of funds will come from Govt. of India & Govt. of Maharashtra, while 30% fund will be invested by the Private Operator. The main objectives of the project are as billow To reduce water losses (Technical + Commercial) in the system. Improvement of service level to consumer Upgrade un intermittent of water supply Technical and financial sustainability of water sector Achieving the operational efficiencies through private sector participation. To recover O & M expenses. Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 58
The scope of work of private operator is to lift raw water, carry out the treatment, transmission of water to service reservoir, distribution of water, replacement of all service connections of consumers with MDP pipes & good quality water meters, recovery of water charges. N.M.C. has taken a pilot project of 15000 consumers in Dharmpeth Zone to study the result of continuous Water Supply. Table 22- The outcome of Pilot Project (24x7) INDICATOR POSITION before PROJECT CURRENT STATUS No. of Connection Non Slum 9682 10758 No. of Connections Slum 1657 5189 No. 0f Stand Post 179 11 Water Supply Volume (MLD) 43 52 Billed Volume (MLD) 21 36 UFW (unaccounted for water) 51% 31% Type of Billing i)average ii) Min. iii)volumetric (on Meter Reading) 53% 16% 31% 11% 4% 85% Pressure at Consumer End (m) 2 6 9-12 Water Supply to Slum : Water charges for slum area are as below a) Connection Charges:- Hut (house without concrete roof) Rs. 500/- RCC constructed house up-to Rs. 600/- 500 Sq. feet area b) Water Tariff:- i) Hut (house without concrete roof) Rs. 30/- per month up to water consumption of 10 cu. m.& there after normal tariff. ii) RCC constructed house up-to Rs. 50/- per month upto 500 Sq. feet area Consumption of 12 cu.m. & there after normal tariff The PPP operator of project, Rehabilitation Plan to Implement Continuous (24x7) Water Supply to the City, has to provide service connection to all slum dwellers with meter. Recovery:- The work of recovery is distributed in 11 zones i.e. 10 no. water distribution zones & Bulk Consumers. Bills are issued for every quarter through zonal office. While monthly bills are issued to Bulk Consumers. Zonal officers (S.D.E./S.D.O.) of water works department is responsible for recovery of water charges of his zone, while recovery of bulk consumers is governed from head quarter. Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 59
The operator of 24 X 7 continuous water supply has to replace all service connections of the consumes and to carry out the renovation/replacement of plant, machinery and distribution network as per the schedule given so as to provide 24 X 7 water supply to the entire city within 60 months. At the same time he has to reduce U.F.W. to 15% during this period. The water supply at city level is 540 mld (including the 30% losses). The frequency of water supplied daily in zone within the city various from 1hr to 8 hours. The coverage of water supply is 85% and for the remaining 15% network is being initiated under JNNURM and is expected to be completed by March 2012. New scheme such as Pench IV scheme of capacity 115 MLD and expansion of Kanhan water supply scheme is proposed. The per capita water supplied to city of Nagpur various from 70 to 200 lpcd. The diameter of water supply lines are not adequate and water distribution is not equal in all zones. The other sources of water are borewells dug wells, lakes etc. The water samples are tested regularly by NMC. Last year 11549 samples were taken out of which about 9177 are recorded as fit for drinking. There is a Leakage detection Squad in the city for immediate measures to be taken for water leakage. This mechanism is effective. There are few urban poor communities where water supply is through tankers. Presently, there are existing community taps but the same will be removed after individual taps are provided at each household. The work is in progress. Presently the water supply is with required pressure. The citizen character prepared at NMC level and the complaints are addressed in 3 days time. The maintenance and repairing expenses are recovered upto 75.7% from the total Connection Fees. Water tax - Annual water tax expected tariff - 116 crores (2009-10) Demand raised - 94 crores Annual water tax collected - 71.39 crores (2009-10) Remaining water tax - 44.60 crores (2009-10) Efficiency in collection - 75.94% Annual operation and maintenance - 76.42 crores (2009-10) Expenditure. Table 23- Future water demand of city of Nagpur S. No. 2011 2021 2031 1 Estimated population 28,30000 36,90000 47,50000 2 Treated water demand at 515.12 674.18 880.70 consumer end in MLD (including peri urban areas) 3 Raw water demand in MLD 637.40 834.18 1089.24 4 Raw water demand in mm3. 232.65 304.47 397.57 NMC sources 470 MLD mainly from surface sources. Currently, it meets demand, but with population growth it may face a deficit situation by 2011. NMC has already started making plans for augmenting the sources. Post bulk water treatment point, per capita supply of water is 200 lpcd, which is well above the prescribed norms. Though no figures are available for actual supply at household level, it is known that Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 60
treatment and transmission and distribution losses are very high. Supply is also dissatisfactory in terms of the number of hours of water supply and water pressure. Overall, the water quality of piped supply is good but that of ground water sources is unacceptable in terms of hardness, ph and nitrates. The operational expenses for water supply services have been exceeding the revenues each year. NMC sources about 520 million litres per day (MLD) of water. Of this, only 10 MLD is sourced from ground water resources; thus the dependence on ground water is quite low. Overall, the water supply situation meets current demand. According to NMC sources, if no steps are taken, Nagpur would have to face a deficit water situation of 62 MLD in 2011. NMC, in anticipation of the increase in demand, has initiated steps to increase the supply of water. The Pench IV Water Supply Project will enhance the water supply capacity by 113 MLD. The planned capacity upto 2031 will be just adequate to meet the projected demand. Steps are already in place to recharge ground water sources through rainwater harvesting and rejuvenation of lakes in and around the city. These additional resources may be utilised to Supplement surface water sources in the long-run. But there are no concrete plans in place to augment ground water sources for supplying drinking water to the city by NMC. At present, there are about 2.25 lakh domestic water connections in Nagpur, which serve about 90% of Nagpur s population (the rest is served through public stand posts). Assuming an average household size of five, this implies approximately one water connection for every two households. Of these, about 1.69 lakhs are metered connections. But, in the present system, the onus of installing the meter lies on the consumer. There is no mechanism in place to ensure the reliability of these meters. The non-revenue water level is very high. Against a treated water supply of 470 MLD, NMC is only able to bill 241 MLD of water. NMC has plans for introducing100% metering of the water connections in the city. It is also drawing up plans to introduce quality checks for the same. For every 200 lpcd of water supplied to the consumer, about 97 lpcd is lost in the transmission and distribution process. The water audit study reveals that the transmission losses of raw water through the bulk supply canal range from a minimum of 20% to a maximum of 35% depending on the quantum of water released in the canal. In absolute terms, the quantum of water loss was estimated to be a minimum of 100 MLD and maximum of 250 MLD. If NMC can recover these losses, the additional water available from the recovery of these losses will City be sufficient up to 2016 for the expected population growth of the city, thus freeing scarce financial resources for undertaking other projects in the city. Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 61
To ensure the quality of water supplied, samples are collected routinely for water quality monitoring. In a study carried out in 2002, it was observed that about 15-20% of the samples were unfit for consumption. It is also observed that the low level of water stored in the overhead service reservoirs results in low pressure and inadequate supply in various localities. Therefore citizens have taken recourse to digging wells for themselves or using water available from hand pumps. The quality of water from such sources is unsatisfactory in general. The analysis of water drawn from these sources, in the slums, reveals that the hardness level of water exceeds the prescribed limits; in a few cases, nitrates also had a very high presence. The ph of water in some of the slums was alkaline indicating that it contained stabilized organic matter. The results of the analysis indicated presence of iron and fluorides in certain cases, possibly due to old pipelines or due to the entry of ground water from the leaking joints. Leak detection 24x7 meter and valve fixing Water treatment plant at Gorewada Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 62
f. Environment Rejuvenation of rivers in the city of Nagpur- The city of Nagpur is blessed with 3 rivers. Main rivers within the city are Nag river, Pilli river and Pora river. The major lakes in the city are highly polluted. With the growing population and for environmental protection, it is necessary to rejuvenate Lakes and beautify them. Following are the reasons for pollution of the rivers - a. The sewage and black and gray water is directly disposed off into the river without treatment (settlements on the bank of the river) b. The sewage generation is 420 MLD in the city. Out of which only 80 MLD is treated at Bhandewadi treatment plant. The remaining waste water is disposed off into Nallahs or rivers. c. NMC has taken up the river rejuvenation project to protect the water bodies and natural resources. The project costs Rs. 261 crores for lakes and Rs. 266 crores for rivers. The environmental consultants have already prepared the Rejuvenation Plan. The project is being reviewed by The environment dept.- Government of Maharashtra. After the State government approves the same, it will be submitted to Central government phase by phase. The NMC will contribute its share to the project after the grants are received from State and Central Government. d. For Nag river project costing Rs.241.01 crores, a proposal is submitted to State Government on 28.05.2010. Length of river 15 km Cost - 241.01 crores After the approval of DPR by State Government, the project will be submitted to Central government under NRCP (National River Conservation programme). 70% project funds can be received from Central government on approval of this project report. As per the Resolution No. - 333 dated 25 /11/08 approved the Master plan for lakes and rivers Master plan for Lakes: 267.76 Cr Master plan for River: 260.49 Cr DPR for individual lakes (total 11 lakes have been identified) and River (Nag River) was prepared and submitted to Environment Department, Govt. of Maharashtra. As Environment Department shortlisted 4 lakes; for Rejuvenation of Lakes project under National Lake Conservation Programme (NLCP). 4 different DPR s prepared and submitted to NLCP. Ambazari lake 10.07 Cr Phutala Lake 12.16 Cr Sonegaon Lake 9.1 Cr Gandhi Sagar 6.9 Cr Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 63
The common criterion for each DPR was; I. Demography II. III. IV. Catchment Area Physiographic Topography V. Land form analysis and proposed Rejuvenation for all the lakes VI. VII. VIII. IX. Solar Lighting Nirmalya Collection Bin A forestation nearby area Plantation X. Floating Island XI. XII. Security Cabin and Toilet Box Awareness Signage s. Present Status: DPR for the Lakes are with Environment Department Govt. of Maharashtra once it is already forwarded to Govt of India under National lakes conservation programme (NLCP) and 70% of the project cost will released. Efforts taken by NMC to reduce sewage pollution in nag river Nagpur city is popularly known as Orange city having an area of 217.56 sq. km. As per the master plan/ perspective plan sewerage scheme of Nagpur, the city has been divided into three zones, namely North Sewerage Zone, having an area 84.18 sq.km, Central sewerage zone 73.73 sq.km, South sewerage zone 59.63 sq. kms. In North, Pili river originates from Gorewada and the length is about 15 kms. Nag river flows through the central area having length of 17 kms. City generates about 345 MLD of sewage with following contributions. North 117 Mld, Central 143 Mld and South 85 Mld. For central Nagpur, NMC is having STP at Bhandewadi which is treating 70-80 MLD of sewage. Mahagenco shall be constructing 130 MLD STP at Bhandewadi under the Jnnurm. MOU has been signed by NMC and Mahagenco in this regard. For North sewerage zone, NMC has prepared the DPR and is awaiting for Rs 100.00 crores priority letter from Government of Maharashtra. For South sewerage zone, NMC have called EOI to construct 100 MLD STP on PPP basis. There is a PIL in High Court of Bombay, Nagpur Bench regarding pollution of Gosikhurd Dam. Director NEERI have given a statement before Hon ble High Court that NMC sewage is not the only cause of pollution and to decide the responsibility, NEERI will have to carry out River Modeling which will require Rs. 20 Lacs for the survey. Final decision is awaited from Hon ble High Court. Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 64
NMC is also trying some short measures programmes NMC has accepted to provide 1.00 lac litres of waste water for their agricultural research work in Maharajbagh for Recycle and Reuse. NMC is trying to reduce sewage at household level by introducing recycle and reuse concept. General body of NMC has approved the concept. The bye laws have been prepared by NMC and have been sent to GOM for approval. Efforts by NMC FOR EFFECTIVE SWM - Bhandewadi dumping ground and welfare efforts by NMC The garbage from city of Nagpur is dumped at the Bhandewadi dumping ground without scientific treatment. The water and air pollution may cause health problems to the residents residing near the dumping ground. The residents in the vicinity of dumping ground have put many complaints to NMC about the same and have opposed the dumping of garbage at Bhandewadi. With the guidelines of SWM rules 2000, NMC has come up with few solutions to tackle the issue. For the scientific disposal of waste, an agency called M/s Haizer biotech energies pvt lmt is appointed by NMC and work order has been issued to the company on 15.04.2009. Following development works are under progress. Development of scientific landfill and plantation on the same- The solid waste is pushed to one end of the Bhandiwadi dumping and the work is 70% complete. The empty space will be utilized for scientific landfill by compaction and with the help of gas ventilator soil will put for growth of plants over it. As the heaps of garbage will be covered with soil, it will not spill over and environment will be thus protected. Scientific disposal of solid waste- Following methods will be used for the same- Compost from garbage The segregation of garbage coming to dumping yard will be undertaken through segregation tipping unit through auto fidding. After that, the garbage is brought to compost windrow. Composting takes place and 30% garbage is converted into manure by the compost godown machine. Green coal/ recyclables The total garbage will come to fuel 1 and fuel 2 unit and 30% of it will be converted to green coal. About 5% garbage consisting of plastic, polythene, paper and glass will be recycled. Manufacture of bricks and sand- 17% of garbage coming to sand tipping will be converted to bricks and sand. Sanitary landfill SLF- 18% of the unutilized sold waste will be dumped in the scientific landfill site. Rs 27 crores is the estimated cost of these projects and Rs. 9.00 crores is spent by NMC. Through CDM, Rs. 32 crores are expected. Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 65
Renewable energy technologies NMC has realized the importance of the use of renewable technologies and has initiated several steps to include it in number of upcoming projects and is collaborating with the National and International NGS s working in this field. NMC has proposed to go with the Solar City Programme initiated by Ministry of Non Conventional Renewable energy. NMC is planning to install solar powered street lights out of which 86 have been installed -20 in high court premise and 16 in the NMC office and few in the Lendra Park, Ramdaspeth. The project costs Rs. 20 crores, out of which 50% is grant from GOI and 50% will be Municipal Corporations share. Rain Water Harvesting - Government has issued directives to include the provision of Rain Water Harvesting System in their Development Control Rules under Section 37(I) of the said Act to all the Planning Authorities Vide Urban Development Departments Order No TPB - 432001/2133/01/UD-11, dated 10 th March 2005. Under this NMC has amended the Development Control Rules-2000 towards RWH as follows- a. All the layout open spaces/amenity spaces of housing, societies and new construction / reconstructions/ additions on plots having area not less than 150.0 sq.m. in non gaothan areas of all towns shall have one or more Rain water Harvesting structures having a minimum total capacity as detailed in Schedule. Provided that the Authority may approve the Rain Water Harvesting structures of specifications different from those in Schedule, subject to the minimum capacity of Rain Water Harvesting being ensured in each case. b. The owner/ society of every building mentioned in the a) above shall ensure that the Rain Water Structure is maintained in good repair for storage of water for non potable purposes or recharge of ground water at all times. c. The authority may impose a levy of not exceeding Rs 1000/- per anum for every 100 sq.m. of built up area for the failure of the owner of any building mentioned in the (a) above to provide or to maintain Rain Water Harvesting structures as required under the byelaws. Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 66
Disaster Management cell of NMC - Standard operating procedures NMC is concerned about the safety and security of the citizens in addition to the provision of Basic Needs Services. Planning of disaster and availability of equipments to control the disaster are equally important. For this purpose, the NMC has set up an independent cell of Disaster Management and the Fire safety and emergency services department provide 24 hours round the clock service to citizens of Nagpur. The Standard Operating Procedures are formulated, under which Unit Crisis Management Group is constituted which has following officials Honble Commissioner, Honble Addl. Commissioner, Honble Asst Commissioner and all HODs of all depts. Of NMC. Disasters in form of Natural and man-made are considered and are tackled through this cell. This includes dewatering of water logging areas in heavy rains, removal and lifting of fallen trees on streets and clearing of streets, flooding or earthquakes and making available all equipments to handle the trauma/ disaster. The SOP mentions roles and responsibilities of all concerned officials. Awareness Programmes - Solar lighting in NMC campus By disaster Management Cell of Nagpur Municipal Corporation Various awareness and education programmes have been held through the disaster Management Cell of Nagpur Municipal Corporation since 2009, some of which are listed below- a. Essay competition for NMC Schools on Fire Services- Need of the Hour. Prizes distributed to winners at the hands of Honble Asst. Commissioner, NMC. b. 200 personnel including masons, RCC work labours and architects from the city at the Standing Committee hall by NMC. Hon ble Commissioner facilitated this meeting. Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 67
c. Students from Barrister Wankhede School were given information about fire fighting services and equipments at NMC Campus, d. Demonstrations and information given to 400 students from Bhosla Military school, Bhokara about Fire Services e. Demonstrtation on Flood Control measures given to 200 students of D Ed College, Sahakar Nagar f. A workshop for Administrative officers from AIILSG was organized at NMC campus about disaster and demo on fire fighting services. g. 70 police personnel and officers were trained about fire fighting equipments and demo was organized. Many such similar programmes were organized to capacitate students, citizens on disaster management systems in the city of Nagpur and in Nagpur district as a whole. Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 68
Information, Education and Communication (social) Nagpur municipal corporation has prepared various posters and banners to be displayed at strategic locations in NMCs zonal offices and elsewhere in the city during the inception phase of CSP. City level competitions were organized in atleast 10 schools per zone on the theme of Environmental sanitation and City Sanitation Plans. Pamphlets giving a message of clean and green Nagpur were circulated to citizens during the street plays. Competitions on theme of environment in schools at Nagpur Public Announcement system IEC and PA system started by NMC in all 10 zones in the city Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 69
Street plays performed by :Kalaranjan group at 15 strategic location within the city (top right) Suggestions received from citizens towards CSP through emails (bottom right) Displayed banners at Zonal offices of NMC (top left) Pamphlets prepared by NMC for awareness of citizens towards CSP (bottom left) NMC proposes to further continue IEC and awareness on theme of CSP and environmental awareness, hygiene behavior by preparing user friendly material. The city sanitation task force will launch 100% sanitation campaign in the city through usage of various IEC material. Number of renowned NGOs will be engaged in the work of awareness and education in urban poor communities. NMC will soon chalk out IEC agenda towards CSP. Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 70
g. Slums in Nagpur As per the 2001 census, 8.04 lacs people resides in slums, which is 26.54% of the total population (which is 22.00 lacs). There are total 424 slums as per 2001 census but the same are increased to about 450 as per a survey by CHF International done in 2007-08. About 135 are unauthorized. Table 24 - Zone wise slum population Zones Area Population Slum population % of slum population 1 42.02 230624 47696 20.68 2 31.82 203242 86926 42.77 3 11.45 228664 38530 16.85 4 13.43 202753 114119 56.28 5 11.78 235000 79990 34.04 6 4.25 233058 120005 51.49 7 11.23 214049 113382 52.97 8 34.5 306319 97981 31.99 9 26.84 356741 96995 27.19 10 30.24 254557 63159 24.81 Total 217.56 2465007 858783 35.91 Source Handbook on slums by CHF International and NMC (2007-08) Access of slum dwellers to basic services - There are 427 slum pockets in Nagpur housing 40% of its population, with a high growth of 22% in the last eight years. Also, almost 50% of the population was below poverty line in 2005. Exact statistics regarding access to basic services by the urban poor is not available with NMC, but stakeholder discussions have revealed some of the key issues in this context. Vulnerability to flooding in low-lying settlements, low ability to pay for basic services, negligence onwards informal sector establishments in the planning process and lack of consultations with the stakeholders while planning for the urban poor are a few of these. Of 427, 292 slum pockets are notified. Some of these already have good living conditions, infrastructure and pucca housing. These should be de-notified to ensure focused investments in the less developed pockets. For slum redevelopment, slum rehabilitation schemes are being planned under public-private partnership arrangements. Urban poor settlements in Nagpur (2008) Notification of Slums:- Out of the total slums, 65% slums (287) are notified and 35% slums (159) are not notified. This distinction is important in that slums are generally giver priority in federal, state and municipal schemes. Not notified slums include 22 newly identified slum pockets. Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 71
Population and Growth of slums: Slums generally grow at a conservation rate of 5 percent annually. However in the last 10 years, there has been a considerable growth in the population of slums in Nagpur. The total population, according to slum master list prepared in 1997 by Nagpur Municipal Corporation, was 365,216; this was 30 percent of the percent of the present slum population. According to the updated slum Master List of 2002. Slum residents now constitute 40 percent of Nagpur s total population, indicating a 10 percent increase in the total population of slums since 1997. CHF carried out an extensive survey in 2008 using rapid survey techniques to update NMC s slum master list of 2002. 22 new slums were identified on the ground and added in the list to make a list of 446 slums. According to this survey total population living in slum in the city is 8,58,983 which is 36% of total estimated population of Rs.24,20,000(2008) for the city. As per the survey total of households living slum is approximately 1,71,645 Zone 6, located at center of Nagpur,is the most densely populated Zone with the smallest area and the largest population. SERVICES TO NOTIFIED SLUMS - Water Facilities : The piped water facility of NMC supplies water to approximately 66% of the slum areas but the quality and the regularity is unsatisfactory.according to the study conducted CHF international, average duration of water supply is 2 to 3 hours a day,either in the morning or in the evening.there is a scarcity of water in slums located in Zone 3,4,5 and 9. Water supply to these zones during the summer months is only through water tankers brought by the NMC. Out of 446 Slums about 30% of slums have less than or equal to 70% of piped water network. Sanitation: The socio-economic survey conducted by CHF international found that 70% of the households have individual toilets. However lack of piped water connection and irregularity of water supply obstruct use of the toilets. Sewerage Lines Though 72 percent of slum are connected to the city s sewer system, most of lines are defunct or chocked. The resulting flow of human waste through open drains is both a health and environment hazard. There are instance where water pipelines are in close proximity to sewer lines, increasing the probability of tampering. Additionally, most of the existing sewer lines in slums also act as storm water drain. Out of 446 slums about 31% of slums have less than or equal to 70% of sewerage network and 55% of slums have less or equal to 70% of storm water drain network. Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 72
Garbage Collection : Garbage collection, wither in the form of door-to-door collection or the existence of bins, is provided by the NMC to cover to over 64 percent of slums. Frequency and efficiency is inadequate. Schemes for Urban Poor - A. Basic services for urban poor BSUP under Jnnurm- BSUP- Insitu BSUP scheme under central Governments Jnnurm is initiated in Nagpur from 25 th June 2007. The contributions for the implementation of the scheme are as under Central government 50% State government 30% Local body 09% Beneficiary 11% The eligible slum dwellers will be allocated a house of 269 sq.ft. 8 projects are initiated by NMC till now. BSUP-PPP The slums which are on reserved land, cannot be developed In-situ. For the same reason, Central and state government has launched a scheme BSUP-PPP from 18 th feb 2009. Under this scheme for NMC, a proposal for 33 slums which includes 6357 houses has been sanctioned by central government for Rs. 402.29 crores. Proposal for 5 slums has been approved by government for NMC. The contributions for this scheme are as under- Central government 50% State government 10% Beneficiary 10 % Developer 30% The developer will be allocated a TDR in the zone in the same zone as a compensation for land and 30% of construction cost. Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 73
h. Social Mapping Contents- 1. City Profile 2. Methodology (Tools Used for Data) 3. PRA Mapping Water Issues Garbage Sanitation Toilets 4. Concerns and Issues 5. Suggestions 1. Profile of Slums in City Nagpur comes in the vidarbha region of Maharastra State and in central part of India. Nagpur is also winter capital of Maharstra state and known for industrial twonship and agriculture produce market. Nagpur city has a population of 24,65007 (2010) includes 10 zones and 136 wards. According to data collected by Nagpur development plan (1971-1991) there were 47 slums in 1971. Number has increased to 326 slums in 1992. In 2008 a survey conducted by CHF International, Nagpur has 446 slums in ten zones which are situated in different locations of city. Out of total 446 slums, 65% slums (287) are notified and 35% slums are given facility in federal, state and municipal schemes. 22 slums which are not notified and are also newly identified slum pockets. Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 74
According to the CHF International survey total population living in slum in the city is 8,58,983 which is 36% of total estimated population of 24,20,200 (2008) in the city. Objective Social Mapping of Urban Poor in slums of Nagpur City The objective and having aim of assessing the basic needs and requirements of Improved Sanitation, water, garbage and toilets. Social mapping was undertaken in 100 slums of Nagpur. Social Mapping tool was used to assess situation and the direct intervention of slum dwellers through direct participation. Focus group discussion was organised and direct approach through questionnaire was used during the Social Mapping.. The process was undertaken in a period of 12 days with the help of 28 trained and skilled volunteers. 2. Methodology (Tools Used for Data) Participatory tool PRA was used for assessing the needs of slum dwellers. This Method was used with a objective of:- 1) To develop local perspective by becoming more responsive to local people and local situations. 2) To evolve a methodology which could provide timely and cost effective information. Main tool of social mapping was used during the assessment. Sub tools like focused group discussions, mapping, time line, transact walk and questionaire (Interview) was applied in different sets in different slums as per requirement. Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 75
PRA Mapping (Observation) Water Issues- After social mapping and data available from 500 interviews, transact walk, focused group discussion and timeline we observed that earlier slum dwellers used water available from well, borewell and others like lake. Situation as changed now majority of people 458 respondent said they use drinking water tap. Majority of 406 people says they get sufficient drinking water. More than 2 hours water is available as per 141 respondents. Majority of people has responded that they individual tap water. Most of the Slum dwellers are daily wage earners, 30 % to 40% slum dwellers are unable to have individual tap water they are depending on public water tap and other sources like well and borewell. Few slum dwellers reported that quality of water is poor sometimes and they approach the ward members in such situation. Water Sources available in Slums 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Water Tap Water Tap 458 Well 17 Hand Pump 17 Other 8 Water source Garbage Majority of slums are densely populated. Garbage was major concern of health issues as majority uses dust bin. But time taken to disposed garbage from dustbin more. Most of the time garbage was cleared after two days. Garbage used to stink in most of the slums. Majority of the slum dwellers are depending upon Municipal Corporation staff for disposal of garbage. People are not aware of wet and dry garbage. There is no facility and place to differentiate garbage. In most of the places garbage vehicle comes to collect garbage, and people responds very well. Draft CSP report from Nagpur Municipal Corporation 76