Bio-natural-gas for cleaner urban transport Green Cars y Oportunidades de Liderazgo Valencia. 15 de abril de 2010 Manuel Lage, Dr. Ing. General Manager Valencia. Abril 2010 1
Advantages of bio natural gas Natural gas is an alternative fuel coming from natural wells. It is mainly methane (CH4) Biogas is also a methane rich gas, produced by the fermentation of the biomass, it is then a renewable fuel. Methane contents 25% H and 75% C, in weight As a comparison, Petrol contents 13,5% H and 86,5% C Diesel oil contents 13,5% H and 86,5% C LPG contents 17,4% H and 82,6% C Due to its molecular advantage, regulated exhaust emissions and CO 2 are particularly favourable in the engines running on natural gas. Valencia. Abril 2010 2
kg CO 2 / kg fuel kg CO 2 / kw h CNG. CO2 emission 3,3 1,4 3,2 3,1 3 2,9 2,8 2,7 2,6 3,2 0,73 3,15 0,97 3,02 0,87 0,75 2,75 1,2 1 0,8 0,6 0,4 2,5 Diesel Petrol LPG Natural Gas 0,2 Valencia. Abril 2010 3
Advantages of CNG for city transportation Both CNG engine combustion technologies used in trucks and buses: Lean Burn and Stoichiometric, offer very significant advantages: Much lower gaseous emissions Much lower noise Reduced CO2 emission In the case of the stoichiometric mixture combustion, exhaust pollutants are very near the fuel cell level Valencia. Abril 2010 4
CNG. NOx comparative emissions 6 Compared NOx emissions: Diesel vs CNG and Fuel Cell (Source: IVECO) 5 Euro 3 Diesel engines 4 Euro 4 3 2 EEV limits Euro 5 1 CNG IVECO stoich. 0 Fuel cell 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Valencia. Abril 2010 5
Noise emitted by the truck 1 Vehicle #1: IVECO 240E25 6x2 RSU Vehicle #2: IVECO 240E26 6x2 RSU CNG (EEV) 6 2 Refuse collection chassis cab with body Vehicles laden and compacting Vehicles stationary Vehicle #1 Vehicle #2 5 7.0 m Microphone height = 1.5 m 3 db(a) 76 74 72 70 68 66 64 62 60 Ave 71 db(a) Ave 66 db(a) 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 (position) Valencia. Abril 2010 6
Madrid CNG Refuse collection fleet Valencia. Abril 2010 7
Yearly emission savings Iveco CNG (EEV) vs. Diesel Euro 3 limits NOx CO + HC + PM CO2 132.391 kg 703.000 kg 2.069.440 kg Plus a 30% less fuel cost per kilometre! Valencia. Abril 2010 8
CNG truck for food distribution Valencia. Abril 2010 9
Western Europe. Market Growth 900.000 Europe NGVs 800.000 700.000 600.000 500.000 400.000 300.000 200.000 100.000 - The steady Western European growth is driven by the cleaner emissions of NGVs Valencia. Abril 2010 10
Running park European market development (1) Europe (w ithout Italy) 80000 70000 60000 50000 40000 30000 France Germany Sw eden Sw itzerland Austria 20000 10000 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Years Valencia. Abril 2010 11
Running Park European market development (3) Italy and Total Europe 1400000 1200000 1000000 800000 Italy Total Europe 600000 400000 200000 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Years Valencia. Abril 2010 12
Running park Countries with trucks and buses on CNG: France and Spain 12000 10000 Nº of cars equivalent: 109.000 8000 6000 France Spain 4000 2000 Nº of cars equivalent: 54.000 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Years Valencia. Abril 2010 13
CNG Urban buses Irisbus Iveco EUROPOLIS CNG Irisbus Iveco CITYCLASS CNG 12 m Irisbus Iveco CITYCLASS CNG 18 m BEIJING BUS, IVECO TECTOR CNG engine Valencia. Abril 2010 14
CNG urban buses in Europe 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 418 Greece 8000 2000 2334 1300 847 860 Spain Sweden Germany France Italy Russia Valencia. Abril 2010 15
The future of NGV s NGVA Europe sees the development of NGV s in the medium term future through several main lines: CNG Hybrid Vehicles Dual Fuel Technology for heavy duties Biogas LNG for trucks and buses Methane-Hydrogen mixtures Valencia. Abril 2010 16
Diesel/CNG Hybrid Vehicles Chasis autobús híbrido CASTROSUA TEMPUS Camión híbrido FCC- AVIA-IVECO Valencia. Abril 2010 17
Dual Fuel Technology Renewed interest in this diesel-natural gas combustion technology Target market: heavy duty trucks and buses Retrofit market considered too for EURO 2 and 3 vehicles Options: full diesel operation where no CNG is available Valencia. Abril 2010 18
Biogas Another source of Natural Gas Biogas comes from fermentation processes of biomass (organic waste, landfills, vegetable and animal feedstock), which produces methane rich gases. Biogas brings together the advantages of natural gas with the environmental benefits of renewable energy sources. Due to the wide different types of sources: forestry, landfills, agricultural; there is a large and wide potential for biogas production in Europe, where it is expected to grow significantly in the coming years. Valencia. Abril 2010 19
Big cities Gas use vs biogas potential The yearly consumption of natural gas of the complete fleet of 445 garbage collection trucks is: 10.5 MM cubic meter The yearly biogas production of the city is of about 40 MM cubic meter, that once refined would mean: 22 MM cubic meter of biomethane This volume is enough to fuel the full fleet of garbage collection (445 units) plus a similar figure of urban buses (25% of the total fleet of 2.000 units) Valencia. Abril 2010 20
Biogas production potential Among the biofuel options BIOMETHANE shows a high potential coming from its conversion yield and from its independence from the food sector. The progressive use of BIOMETHANE will provide an additional reduction in CO2 equivalent emission thanks both to the CO2 closed cycle and to the direct methane emission in atmosphere avoided. Valencia. Abril 2010 21
LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) The solution for medium-long distance Diesel vs CNG & LNG Autonomy equivalence Diesel oil 1 litre 200 bar 200 bar 200 bar 200 bar 200 bar -162 O C CNG 5 litre LNG 1,8 litre LNG opens the way for the medium-long distance road transport Valencia. Abril 2010 22
LNG Prototype tractors MB and IVECO Valencia. Abril 2010 23
Natural gas pipe supply to Europe Valencia. Abril 2010 24
LNG supply to Europe Valencia. Abril 2010 25
The idea of a Mediterranean LNG Blue Corridor The availability of LNG all around the Iberian Peninsula, plus the French port of Fos (Marseille), and the Italian ones of Panigaglia (near Genova) and Revigo (near Trieste) constitutes a fantastic infrastructure to cover all the supply needs for the transport around the Mediterranean arch. Another corridor could also be imagined from Portugal and Spain to the north of France, Netherlands, north of Germany and Denmark, once all the LNG terminals, now under construction, will be in service. Valencia. Abril 2010 26
Methane/Hydrogen mixtures A bridge towards the hydrogen fuelled transport Methane/Hydrogen mixture (Hythane, Idrometano) offers a number of significant advantages as a bridge solution for a future hydrogen fuelled transport: It can be used in the existing NGV engines and vehicles with minor engine resetting The inboard fuel storage uses the same type of tanks and fittings, with some specification changes in materials The H2 content considered (~20%) does not alter the autonomy of the vehicles There is an immediate impact as CO2 emission reduction The use of compressed H2 in a large basis will push ahead the development of the hydrogen production and logistics Valencia. Abril 2010 27
Conclusions Natural gas (methane) is an excellent energy vector, with the lowest Carbon to Hydrogen ratio of all the hydrocarbons. Additionally natural gas is an alternative fuel, having a different origin from the traditional oil derived diesel, petrol and LPG Natural gas is used in existing internal combustion engines, with minor additional investments, taking advantage of a well known and mature car & commercial vehicle technology. Dual Fuel technology offers the possibility of conversion for existing engines The increasing production of biomethane, both from urban waste and from agricultural stuff is giving natural gas the new and valuable consideration of a renewable fuel Natural gas has been used so far as CNG mainly for urban applications. The availability of LNG will spread its use for medium and long distances road transport Methane/Hydrogen mixtures, that could be used the existing NGVs will become the bridge to a potential hydrogen fuelled transport NG vehicles are today the best and most economic alternative to oil derived fuels, also improving gaseous and acoustic emissions. Valencia. Abril 2010 28
manuel.lage@ngvaeurope.eu www.ngvaeurope.eu Valencia. Abril 2010 29