The Right Tool at the Right Time High Performance Tools for Aerospace Applications
2
Adding Value to your Business through Strategic Partnership Introduction... 4 Airframe... 6 Aluminium components... 8 Composite components... 10 Landing Gear... 12 Engine... 14 3
Exceptional Tools and Expertise for Challenging Aerospace Applications The Aerospace industry is one of the most technically demanding in the world. With difficult to machine materials and very strict specifications, the manufacture of aerospace components requires a very competent tooling partner. Dormer is committed to offering complete tooling solutions to produce aerospace components, such as the airframe, landing gear and engine. This is both the physical tool - whether a standard or an engineered product - but also the machining knowledge. The Dormer offer encompasses: Machining Solutions The characteristics of many materials used in aerospace components present numerous machining issues. To address these points, Dormer has invested in a Research and Technology Centre (RTC) where extensive development work on cutting tool geometries, substrates, coatings and application solutions is carried out. Another major focus for the RTC is the research of aerospace component materials and, in particular, composite materials, their structures and machining characteristics. Work in this area has led to tooling developments aimed specifically at eliminating the potential problems encountered when machining composite materials and to deliver: Increased tool life High quality holes Extensive Capabilities The range is designed for all aerospace component materials from aluminium alloys, high strength alloys, heat resistant alloys, Polymer Matrix Composites (PMCs), also known as Fibre- Reinforced Polymers (FRPs), to Carbon and Glass-Fibre Reinforced Polymers (CFRPs and GFRPs). The Dormer range for composite materials is also recommended for Stack materials comprising of Carbon and Glass-Fibre joined to metals such as Aluminium, Stainless Steel or Titanium. Lower cutting forces and working temperatures Delamination-free holes Reduced splintering and fraying Overall process efficiency improvement For all your aerospace component machining needs, contact your local Dormer Engineer. 4
Strategic Partnerships Working in partnership with Dormer gives customers direct access to the RTC and the support it offers. This includes increasing productivity and reducing costs involved in the manufacturing process. We focus on: Reducing downtime, optimising the cutting process, and optimising the end result in terms of surface finish, hole tolerance and quality Technology and Expertise By working closely with specialists at the forefront of technology, Dormer has built valuable, in-depth expertise in the field of aerospace component machining. Partnerships with leading universities and research centres around the world provide Dormer with a unique perspective into the latest machining technologies. The result is a range of tools designed specifically to overcome the challenges encountered when machining aerospace components in aluminium, high strength steels, heat resistant alloys and composite or composite stack materials. Tailored Tooling Solutions Due to the wide range of requirements for machining aerospace components, Dormer works in partnership with each customer to ensure that every tooling solution offered is optimised for each individual application. Whether your application calls for hand-held carbide tools or CNC-operated PCD tooling, Dormer can provide a solution tailored to your specific needs. Reconditioning / Regrinding An efficient regrind or reconditioning service is offered with all Dormer products. This includes recoating (where applicable) and guarantees the quality and performance of the tool for up to three regrinds. 5
Airframe The airframe is the mechanical structure of an aircraft and combines many different materials and manufacturing methods. The main materials used are Aluminium, High Strength Alloys and Composites. Due to the different combinations of materials and the access problems faced when machining, many different types of tools are used to manufacture this section of the aircraft. One of the most common manufacturing procedures on the airframe is drilling thousands of rivet holes used to attach the skin to the structure. This often has to be undertaken in a number of steps but, under the correct conditions and with the right tools, can be achieved in one operation. With a focus on reduced downtime, improved hole quality and tolerance, Dormer offer tailored solutions in close collaboration with the customer. Challenging One-Shot Drilling Solution of Wing Skin Assembly Tool Desc: R790 Carbide Composite Drill Machine: Portable Drilling Unit Drill Ø: 11/64 Speed: 5,200 rpm Feed: 70 mm/min Aluminium 10mm Carbon Fibre 4mm The R790 design produced excellent quality holes, showing no signs of delamination or splintering on the Carbon Fibre and no signs of any exit burr on the aluminium. Carbide Drills Dormer s carbide drills are designed for CNC and semi-automated operations. Thanks to their unique geometries, these specialised tools reduce thrust and torque, lower cutting temperatures and improve hole quality and tolerance. Conventional Drills The Dormer range of Aircraft Drills to NAS specifications are designed for handheld drilling in airframe applications and offer consistently high process quality combined with excellent tool life. 6
Rivet Drills Dormer s rivet drills are designed for automated, precise, one-shot drilling of countersunk holes, facilitating increased tool life and reduced costper-hole. Available with various coatings in HSS, HSCo, Carbide and PCD to accommodate a range of airframe structures and materials. Countersinks Whilst the primary objective with one-shot tooling is to minimise production time, the finishing of a hole may require a second operation. For tight tolerance holes or a demanding surface finish, Dormer offer a full range of carbide and PCD countersinks. Offering increased flexibility and reduced stockholding requirements, Dormer countersinks with replaceable pilots enable different sized countersunk holes to be produced with one tool. Core Drills and Reamers When a one-shot operation is not feasible, Dormer core drills and reamers allow precise enlargement of existing holes. Available in HSCo, Carbide and PCD, all are manufactured to aerospace standards and customer specifications. 7
Aluminium Components Many large structures within the aircraft - such as Ribs and Spars - are manufactured from aluminium. Due to their complex geometry, these components begin as large billets of aluminium, with a large percentage of the material being machined away. To do this efficiently, high speed machining techniques are employed which calls for the use of high performance milling cutters. Thin wall sections with varying heights and thicknesses require specific tooling geometries and machining strategies. For these operations Dormer offer a complete range of high performance solid carbide milling cutters, drills and threadmills as well as high performance taps specifically designed for machining aluminium alloys. Carbide Drills Dormer offer tools capable of exceptional performance in materials where high productivity is crucial and, therefore, high cutting speeds are demanded. The R583 and R587 drills are designed specifically for the high performance machining of aluminium alloys. Both drills feature Dormer s patented point geometry which significantly reduces thrust forces at high penetration rates, eliminating exit burr. Thanks to their unique design, the aluminium drill range promotes excellent chip management in a wide range of aluminium alloys, from soft to the most abrasive grades. High Performance Taps for Aluminium Dormer s programme covers a wide range of thread forms manufactured to DIN/ANSI standard, including M, MF, UNC and UNF. The E448 & E449 spiral point taps for through holes and E450 & E451 spiral flute taps for blind holes allow increased performance and wear resistance due to a combination of their special geometry and ZrN coating. Offering increased tool life when machining abrasive aluminiums with high silicon content, solid carbide spiral flute taps are also available in both solid (T105) and coolant feed (T106) designs. 8
Carbide Milling Cutters Dormer provide a total solution from roughing to finishing. The optimum choice for roughing are the S140, S143, and S145. All have reinforced end teeth to equip them for tough machining conditions. The S142 gives exceptional performance in super-finishing operations and can achieve 4xD axial depth. The S149 has been specifically designed for deep pocket milling and profiling. Its reduced shank diameter allows the user to adjust the length of the tool projecting from the tool holder in order to optimise performance. For contouring and 3-D forming, the S540 (ball nose) and S144 (corner radius) are particularly suited for the high speed machining of complex surfaces. Demanding operation in Aluminium Thanks to low vibration, Dormer s S145 achieved excellent surface finish and tool life. Operation Deep slotting operation, milling closed slots in two passes. Tool diameter: 10 mm Ap: 0,5 x Ø = 5 mm (each pass) Ae: 1,0 x Ø = 10 mm Speed: 15,000 rpm Feed, plunging: 600 mm/min Feed, slotting: 2,400 mm/min Competitor 2 - Measurement of tool vibrations at beginning of cut on first slot tool broke at second slot. Dormer S145 - Measurement of tool vibrations at beginning of cut on 75th slot after 30 minutes of cutting. 9
Composite Components Composite materials have a very high strength to weight ratio and are, therefore, rapidly becoming more popular in aircraft manufacture. Due to their structure and machining properties, they are very difficult materials to process in terms of drilling and profile milling. To avoid delamination of the layers and splintering of the fibres, special geometries have to be applied to machine them efficiently. As most machining operations must be performed without coolant, aggressive abrasion can lead to high temperatures, causing premature tool wear. Dormer s tailor-made tooling solutions in PCD and Carbide provide excellent temperature resistance, allow increased speeds and feeds with superior tool life and finish, thereby reducing downtime and increasing productivity. Rivet Drills: Carbide/PCD With a focus on reduced downtime and increased precision, Dormer PCD rivet drills are designed for automated one-shot drilling of countersunk holes. Also available in a modular design to enable the drill point to be changed and, therefore, total costs to be reduced. Composite Drills: Carbide/PCD Dormer s drills for composite and composite/ stack materials are primarily designed for semiautomated and CNC operations. Their unique geometries generate lower cutting temperatures and reduce thrust and torque. This helps to eliminate delamination and splintering and, in turn, results in improved tool life, hole quality and tolerance. Composite Hand Drills Dormer s carbide composite drills for manual and semi-automated operations produce excellent quality holes. With geometries specifically designed to reduce breakthrough surge, the risk of delamination and splintering is minimised. 10
PCD Countersinks For demanding operations in composite materials, Dormer offer a full range of PCD countersinks for increased tool life. PCD Milling Cutters The rigid design of Dormer s PCD milling cutters for high speed machining minimises vibration, improving component surface finish and significantly increasing tool life. Drilling composite stack with glass cloth exit face Carbon Fibre Carbon Fibre Machine: Drill Ø: Stack Thickness: CNC 10mm 50mm 25mm 25mm Glass Cloth Competitor Result: When glass cloth is used on the exit face of composite materials it is extremely difficult to produce a hole with a perfectly clean periphery. Dormer Result: Dormer s new geometry is capable of consistently delivering holes with excellent exit quality, showing no signs of delamination, splintering or fraying of the glass cloth exit face. 11
Landing Gear To endure the major impact stresses that landing gear systems are subjected to, they are generally manufactured from ultra high strength steels such as 300M. Recent developments and the need for weight reductions has seen the introduction of other alloys such as Titaniums and even Composites. The nature and design of the components and the types of materials used means that machining can be challenging, with deep bores and complex features calling for specific tool designs and geometries. Carbide Milling Cutters Dormer can provide a total solution - from roughing to finishing - in ultra high strength alloys. The HRA asymmetric geometry of the S335 is specifically suited to reducing vibration thereby increasing tool life in roughing operations. HSCo-XP Milling Cutters For applications in very tough materials or under less stable working conditions, Dormer s HSCo- XP milling cutters offer superior toughness and, consequently, improved performance. The unequal helix and divide technology of the S250, S252, S254 and S255 increases stability during machining. Specific design features reduce tool vibration and the risk of chipping, increasing metal removal rates and, therefore, allowing the tools to be run at high speeds and feeds. Cost per Hole Comparison in Alloy Steel (P20) Ø 8.0mm, Cutting Depth 8 x Ø (30 mins) HSCo Drill vs R570 Cost per Hole Comparison in Alloy Steel (P20) Ø 8.0mm, Cutting Depth 8 x Ø (30 mins) Cost per Hole (%) 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Competitor 1 Competitor 2 Competitor 3 Dormer R570 Cost per Hole (%) 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 HSCo Drill Dormer R570 The graph shows the cost per hole of Dormer s R570 drill against three competitors equivalent drills, running at each company s recommended cutting conditions over a period of 30 minutes. The graph shows that a significant reduction in cost per hole can be achieved by using Dormer s R570 drill compared to the HSCo TiAIN coated drill. 12
High Performance Taps for High Strength Alloys Dormer offer a complete range of taps specifically engineered for threading in high strength alloys, covering a wide range of thread forms manufactured to DIN/ANSI standard, including M, MF, UNC and UNF. The special geometry incorporated within the E396, E324 and E326 spiral point taps for through holes and E394, E314 and E316 spiral flute taps for blind holes guarantees increased performance and tool life. Carbide Drills With the R570, R571, R572, R573 and R575 drills specifically designed for one-shot deep hole drilling and the R553 and R554 for drilling in high strength alloys, Dormer offer tools with exceptional performance. The Hydra replaceable head drilling solution offers flexibility, reduced inventory and consistently high performance, even after numerous head changes. Reamers When precise accuracy, concentricity and roundness of holes is required in high strength alloys Dormer s range of NC reamers perform effectively up to a hardness of approximately 63 HRc. The extremely unequal spacing of the cutting edges has the additional effect of enhancing hole quality, ensuring outstanding results. 13
Engine Materials used in the manufacture of aircraft engines can differ greatly according to their location within the engine. Due to the extreme forces and temperatures incurred during service, the materials involved are normally high strength and high temperature resistant alloys such as Titanium, Inconel and Waspalloy. The complex composition of these materials, means they can be very difficult to machine with conventional tooling, calling for special geometries and specific machining strategies. HSCo-XP Milling Cutters For some difficult applications or under less stable working conditions Dormer s HSCo-XP milling cutters offer superior toughness and therefore improved performance. Reamers When precise accuracy, concentricity and roundness of holes is required in heat resistant alloys Dormer s range of NC reamers will perform effectively up to a hardness of approximately 63 HRc. Carbide Milling Cutters One of the main benefits of the S256 unequal helix end mill is its flexibility. It will remove large amounts of metal but, unlike a traditional roughing end mill with chipbreaker profile, the S256 gives a high quality finish on the component, thus eliminating the need for a second operation. The extremely unequal spacing of the cutting edges has the additional effect of enhancing hole quality. A range of cutters designed for 3-D contouring in tough materials is also available. For example, the S503 and S290 with precise ball nose and corner radii are ideal for machining in difficult to reach areas. 14
High Performance Threadmills for Heat Resistant Alloys To ensure high process security when producing threads in critical components, Dormer has a full range of solid carbide threadmills, all of which offer outstanding reliability and performance. Carbide Drills With the high performance R563 and R567 drill ranges specifically designed for drilling in heat resistant alloys, Dormer provide tools with outstanding performance capabilities. Dormer s R570, R571, R572, R573 and R575 deep hole drills can be applied on numerous engine components with excellent results. Surface roughness, cutting length 0.4m Tool Life (metres cut) 0.7 12 0.6 10 Ra (microns) 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 Tool Life (m) 8 6 4 0.1 2 0 S256 Competitor 1 Competitor 2 Competitor 3 Competitor 4 The graph shows the difference in surface roughness between S256, 12 mm and equivalent competitor end mills during finishing operation in AISI 304 at Dormer recommended cutting parameters. Radial depth (mm) 0.1 x D = 1.2 mm Axial depth (mm) 1.5 x D = 18 mm 0 S256 Competitor 1 Competitor 2 Competitor 3 Competitor 4 The graph shows the tool life of the S256, 12mm against equivalent competitor end mills during finishing operation in 17-4PH, up to a maximum of 0.2mm wear. Radial depth (mm) 0.1 x D = 1.2 mm Axial depth (mm) 1.5 x D = 18 mm 15
The Right Tool at the Right Time Morse Way Waverley Sheffield S60 5BJ United Kingdom T: 0870 850 44 66 F: 0870 850 88 66 Email: dormer.uk@dormertools.com International Morse Way Waverley Sheffield S60 5BJ United Kingdom T: +44 114 2933 838 F: +44 114 2933 839 Email: dormer.int@dormertools.com B.P 6209 45062 Orleans Cedex 2 France - France T: +33 (0)2 38 41 40 15 F: +33 (0)2 38 41 40 30 Email: dormer.fr@dormertools.com s-gravelandsweg 401 NL-3125 BJ Schiedam Netherlands - Nederland T: +31 10 2080 240 F: +31 10 2080 282 Email: dormer.nl@dormertools.com CEE Sandvik in Austria GmbH Postfach 90 AT-1211 Wien Street address: Scheydgasse 44 AT-1211 Wien Austria - Österreich T: +43 1 277 37 202 F: +43 1 277 37 203 Email: dormer.cee@dormertools.com responsible for Austria Montenegro Österreich Црна Гора Belarus Poland Беларусь Polska Bulgaria Romania България România Croatia Russia Hrvatska Россия Czech Republic Serbia Česká republika Србија Hungary Slovakia Magyarország Slovensko Lithuania Slovenia Lietuva Slovenija Ukraine Україна Bosnia-Herzegovina Босна и Херцеговина Via Varesina 184 20156 Milano Italy - Italia T: +39 02 38 04 51 F: +39 02 38 04 52 43 Email: dormer.it@dormertools.com C/Verneda s/n Polg. Industrial Can Roca ES-08107 Martorelles T: +34 93 571 77 02 (ES) F: +34 93 571 77 00 (ES) Email:dormer.es@dormertools.com Spain - España T: +351 21 424 54 21 (PT) F: +351 21 424 54 25 (PT) Email:dormer.pt@dormertools.com responsible for Spain España Portugal Portugal Fountain Plaza Belgicastraat 5, bus 5/6 BE-1930 Zaventem Belgium - België/Belgique T: +32 3 440 59 01 F: +32 3 449 15 43 Email: dormer.be@dormertools.com Sandvik Tooling Deutschland GmbH Geschäftsbereich Dormer Heerdter Landstrasse 243 D-40549 Düsseldorf Postfach 10 21 62 D-40012 Düsseldorf Germany - Deutschland T: +49 211 50 27 0 F: +49 211 50 27 504 Email: dormer.de@dormertools.com Box 618 SE-301 16 Halmstad Sweden - Sverige T: +46 (0) 35 16 52 00 F: +46 (0) 35 16 52 90 Email: dormer.se@dormertools.com Kundservice T: direkt +46 35 16 52 96 F: direkt +46 35 16 52 90 PL. 52 FI-01511 Vantaa Finland - Suomi T: +358 205 44 121 F: +358 205 44 5199 Asiakaspalvelu T: suora 0205 44 7003 F: suora 0205 44 7004 Email: dormer.fi@dormertools.com Sandvik A/S Boks 173 NO-1377 Billingstad Norway - Norge T:+47 67 17 56 00 F:+47 66 85 96 10 E-mail: dormer.no@dormertools.com Kundeservice T: direkt 800 10 113 F: direkt +46 35 16 52 90 Sandvik A/S Postboks 160 DK-2605 Brøndby Denmark - Danmark T: +45 43 46 52 80 F: +45 43 46 52 81 Email: dormer.dk@dormertools.com Kundetjeneste T: direkt 808 82106 F: direckt + 46 35 16 52 90 Sandvik A.E. 294 Kifissias Avenue 152 32 Chalandri Athens Greece - Ελλάδα T: +30 210 6823604 F: +30 210 6823771 Email: dormer.gr@dormertools.com Av. João Paulo da Silva, 258 CEP 04777 020 São Paulo SP Brazil - Brasil T: +55 11 5660 3000 F: +55 11 5667 5883 E-mail: dormer.br@dormertools.com Precision Dormer 2550 Meadowvale Blvd. Unit 3 Mississauga, ON L5N 8C2 Canada T: (888) 336 7637 En Français: (888) 368 8457 F: (905) 542 7000 Email: cs@precisiondormer.com Precision Dormer 301 Industrial Ave. Crystal Lake, IL 60012 United States of America T: (800) 877 3745 F: 815 459 2804 Email: cs@precisiondormer.com responsible for United States of America Mexico 5 Fowler Road Dandenong 3175, Victoria Australia T: 1300 131 274 F: +61 3 9238 7105 Email: dormer.int@dormertools.com Sandvik New Zealand 269 Ti Rakau Drive Burswood Manukau 2013 New Zealand T: 0800 4 436 763 F: +64 9 2735857 Email: dormer.int@dormertools.com Sandvik South East Asia Pte Ltd 50 Alps Avenue #04-00 Sandvik Building Singapore - 498782 T: +65 6477 3765/6 F: +65 6477 3781 Email: dormer.sg@dormertools.com responsible for China Hong Kong Indonesia Vietnam Malaysia Thailand Singapore South Korea Taiwan No 4555 Yin Du Road Xin Zhuang Industry Park Shanghai 201108 China T: +86 21 2416 0666 F: +86 21 5442 6315 Email: dormer.cn@dormertools.com Sandvik Asia Ltd Mumbai-Pune Road Pune 411 012 India T: +91 20 27 10 47 20 F: +91 20 27 14 57 36 Email: dormer.int@dormertools.com Sandvik P.O. Box 25038 East Rand 1462 South Africa T: +27 11 929 5300 F: +27 11 570 9709 Email: dormer.int@dormertools.com Sandvik Argentina S.A. Rincón 3198 CP B1754BIL San Justo - Buenos Aires Argentina T: 54 (11) 6777-6777 F: 54 (11) 4441-4467 Email: dormer.int@dormertools.com ENG 10/09 www.dormertools.com