Seamless Mobility in future Networks Short introduction and preview Prof. Dr. Michael Massoth [Stand: 17.05.2006] 1
Überblick Seamless Mobility in future Networks Was ist das??? Seamless Mobility Framework IEEE 802.21 Media Independent Handover (MIH) Zusammenfassung und Ausblick 2
Seamless Mobility Seamless Mobility steht für: unterbrechungsfreie Mobilität und nahtlose Kommunikation zu jeder Zeit an jedem Ort Verschmelzung verschiedener Technologien, wie zum Beispiel Breitband, eingebettete Systeme und drahtlose Netzwerke uneingeschränkten Zugriff auf Informationen, Entertainment und Kommunikation Unabhängigkeit von Endgerät, Service, Netz oder Aufenthaltsort intelligente, schnelle, kosteneffiziente und flexible Kommunikation 3
Different environment of Seamless Mobility Out in the world WiFi and Wimax Hot Spots, Micro- Cell Sites @ Home Residential Broadband DSL alternative, residential voice and video service Out in the World In the Car @ Work Business-class Services Video, voice and data services Mobile Broadband Portable, nomadic and mobility 4
People to People People to Things Things to People Things to Things 5
Seamless Mobility aus der Benutzer Perspektive A Day in Life of One Device Where HOME AUTO OFFICE AUTO MALL AUTO DINING AUTO HOME What Get Traffic Conditions Send / Receive Send Text /Graphic Text messages Files Make Reservations Compare Prices Get Directions (Map) Browse the Web Download a Song Play a Game How WLAN / DSL 2G / 3G Cellular WLAN / Wimax 2G / 3G Cellular WLAN / Wimax 2G / 3G Cellular WLAN 2G / 3G Cellular WLAN / DSL WIFI WIFI WIFI WIFI WIFI 2G / 3G Cellular SERVICE CONVERGENCE 6
Zunehmende Diversifizierung der Service Provider Convergence for Wireless Carriers Convergence for Wireline Carriers Entertainment Entertainment Information Information Applications Multimedia Communications Wireless Carrier Applications Multimedia Communications Wireline Carrier Voice Communications Voice Communications Home Office Mobile Hot Spots Home Office Mobile Hot Spots Environments Environments 7
Handover Taxonomy (1): Operator System View Operator X Intra-System-Handover Operator X Inter-System-Handover Operator Y 8
Handover Taxonomy (2): Technology System View Technology X (e.g. GSM) Inter-Technologyor Heterogeneous Handover Intra-Technology- or Homogeneous Handover Technology Y (e.g. UMTS) 9
Handover Taxonomy (3): Overlay View Cellular Network (GPRS, EDGE, UMTS) Downward Upward Vertical Handover WLAN IEEE 802.11 (a/b/g) Vertical Horizontal Handover 10
Handover Taxonomy (4): Domain View Domain A Intra-Domain Domain B Inter-Domain Domain C 11
Homogener und heterogener Handover Homogener Handover: Zu gleichen Points of Attachment, wie z. B. zwischen Wi-Fi (WLAN) Access Points oder zwischen verschiedenen WiMax Base Stations innerhalb eines Netzwerks. Radio Resource Management (IEEE 802.11k) und Fast Roaming (IEEE 802.11r) erweitern und unterstützen dabei die Mobilität innerhalb von WLAN-Netzwerken. IEEE 802.16e erweitert die Mobilität in WiMax-Netzwerken. 3GPP und 3GPP2 Standards beschreiben die Mobilität von zellularen Netzwerken Heterogener Handover: Vertikales Handover zwischen technologisch verschiedenen Netzwerken. Hier soll der gerade entstehende IEEE 802.21 Standard eine deutliche Verbesserung der unterbrechungsfreien Mobilität zwischen heterogenen Netzwerken bringen. 12
Host Mobility Macro-Mobility: When a Mobile Node executes a vertical handover, then it usually changes its domain and appropriate macro-mobility is required High and low mobility: Difficult to define, but however high mobility means the capability to cope with more than 10 handovers per minute Session mobility: A mechanism that allows a user to transfer an ongoing communication session from one device to another device 13
Seamless Future Networks (1) Network of Networks Services and Applications Interworking Mobility Management Roaming Media Access Systems IP Based Core Networks Wireline DSL/modem cellular WLAN Short Range Connectivity 14
IMS Architecture Overview 15
IMS Functional Architecture Quelle: Wikipedia 16
Seamless Future Networks (2) Spectrum Radio aspect Radio Access UTRAN RTT Carrier Bandwidth 3G spectrum (2GHz band and the additional bands) HSDPA, Uplink W-CDMA Evolved UTRAN Enhancement 5MHz Data Rate 384kbps - 2Mbps Mobility NW aspect Release 99 Several 100s msec Release 5&6 Direct-Sequence CDMA -120 km/h (at least 384kbps) Several 10s to 100 ms 14.4Mbps - 120km/h Circuit Switch and Packet Switch Long-term evolution New elements (OFDM, MIMO, etc) < 10ms 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 20MHz 50Mbps (uplink) 100Mbps (downlink) - 350km/h Packet Switch only 3GPP has started to discuss about requirements and specifications for LTE. 17
Key Challenges for Seamless Mobility Scalability roaming from any access network to any other access network (2G, 3G, 4G, Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, Bluetooth, Satellite, Ethernet) Cross-layer solutions extensions to layer 1 and layer 2 functionalities in order to optimize higher layer mobility architectures (MIPv4, MIPv6, SIP) QOS guarantees during handover no disruption to user traffic: extreme low latency, signaling messages overhead and processing time, resources and routes setup delay, near-zero handover failures and packet loss rate Security user maintains the same level of security when roaming across different access networks 18
Seamless Mobility Framework Question: What are the protocols needed? Layer 2: IEEE 802.11k & r Radio Resource Management & Fast handover IEEE 802.11u Interworking with external networks IEEE 802.16e Mobility in WiMAX IEEE 802.20 Mobile broadband wireless access IEEE 802.21 Media Independent Handovers Layer 3: Mobile IP version 4 and 6 Hierarchical MIPv6 (HMIPv6) Fast Handover for MIPv6 Cellular IP (supports only micro-mobility) Seamless Handoff Architecture für Mobile IP (S-MIP) TeleMIP 19
Cross-Layer Protocol Interactions trigger trigger trigger Cellular Application Layer trigger Transport Layer Handover Layer trigger Network Layer Mobile IP trigger SIP SCTP MAC Performance Measure: QOS, ACK PHY Link measurements: RSSI, Noise, Interference Handover support Access Media Applications Profile Manager Mobility Decision Policy What measurements will be used in the handover decision? What are the mobility scenarios envisaged? How can mobility performance be evaluated? 20
What is 802.21??? IEEE 802.21 Media Independent Handover: IEEE 802.21 is being developed to facilitate smooth interaction and media independent handover between 802 technologies and other access technologies IEEE 802.21 offers an open interface that: provides link state event reporting in real time (Event Service) provides intersystem information, automatically and on demand (Information Service) allows a user to control handover link state (Command Service) Source: IEEE 802.21 Workgroup 21
Media Independent Handover Reference Model MIH Management Plane Application Technology Specific HO Management Plane User Plane Mobility Management (Mobile IP, etc.) Technology Specific HO Function MIH Higher Layer Convergence Functions UDP/TCP IPv4/IPv6 MIH HO Function L2 Cellular IPv4/IPv6 Transport MAC 802.X LLC MAC 802.Y Technology Specific HO Function (L2) MIH Lower Layer Convergence Functions L1 Cellular PHY 802.X PHY 802.Y Source: IEEE 802.21 Workgroup 22
Some Definitions Media Independent Handover Function (MIHF): MIH is a cross-layer entity that provides mobility support through well defined Service Access Points offering Event, Information and Command services MIH User: A local entity that avails of MIHF services through the MIH Service Access Points MIH Network Entity: A remote entity that is able to communicate with an MIHF over a transport that supports Media Independent Services Source: IEEE 802.21 Workgroup 23
IEEE 802.21 DOs and DON Ts DOs: specifies procedures that facilitate handover decision making, providing link layer state information to MIH users. Enabling low latency handovers across multi-technology access networks defines the methods and semantics that facilitate the acquisition of heterogeneous network information and the basic content of the this information, thereby enabling network availability detection specifies command procedures that facilitate seamless service continuity across heterogeneous networks DON Ts: IEEE 802.21 neither executes handovers nor defines handover policies leading to handover execution IEEE 802.21 neither controls network detection nor specifies network selection procedures Source: IEEE 802.21 Workgroup 24
802.21 Overview (1) IEEE 802.21 standard consists of: An architecture that enables transparent service continuity while a mobile node (MN) switches between heterogeneous link-layer technologies A set of handover-enabling functions within the mobilitymanagement protocol stacks of the network elements and the creation therein of a new entity called the MIH Function (MIHF) The definition of Media Independent Service Access Point (MIH_SAP) and associated primitives are defined to provide MIH users with access to the services of the MIHF The definition of new Link Layer SAPs and associated primitives for each specific access technology Source: IEEE 802.21 Workgroup 25
802.21 Overview (2) The MIH Function provides three services: Event Service detects events and delivers triggers from both local as well as remote interfaces E.g. Link_available, Link_up, Link_down, etc. Command Service provides a set of commands for the MIH users to control handover relevant link states E.g. MIH_Link_Switch, MIH_Configure_Link, MIH_Handover_Initiate, etc. Information Service provides the information model and an information repository to make more effective handover decisions. The mobile terminal obtains information from the repository using its current network points of attachment E.g. list of available networks, network operator, IP version, neighbor information, etc. Source: IEEE 802.21 Workgroup 26
IEEE 802.21 Model Terminal Side MIH User 1 MIH User 2 Media Independent Handover User MIH User n MIPv4, MIPv6 Hierarchical MIP Fast Handover for MIPv6 MIH Events Link Events MIH Commands Information Service Media Independent Handover Function (MIH) Link Commands Information Service 802.3 802.11 802.16 802 LINK LAYER 3GPP / 3GPP2 LINK LAYER Link Layer Source: IEEE 802.21 Workgroup 27
IEEE 802.21 Model Network Side 802.11 MIH Network Entity 802.16 MIH Network Entity... MIH Network Entity 3GPP2 MIH Network Entity MIH Events MIH Commands Information Media Independent Handover Function? Higher Layer / L2 Transport Higher Layer Transport Link Events Link Commands Information 802.3 802.11 802.16 802 Access Network 3GPP / 3GPP2 Network Source: IEEE 802.21 Workgroup 28
Overall 802.21 Model Leyend: ES/CS/IS: Event Service/Command Service/Information Service?: Interface TBD LLC: Logical Link Control MAC: Medium Access Control MIH: Media Independent Handover PHY: Physical Layer IS/CS/ES over higher layer transport Media Independent Handover Network Entity (E.g., MIH Server Controller) Media Media Independent Independent Handover Handover User User Higher Layer Transport (E.g.,IP) Client Station Media Independent Handover Function ES/CS/IS ES/CS/IS Media Independent Handover Function Higher Layer Transport/L2 Higher Layer Transport ES/CS/IS 3GPP Interface Events PHY Events MAC 802 Interface LLC Source: IEEE 802.21 Workgroup Events Information Service over L 2 Transport PHY Events MAC Remote MIH Events / MIH Commands over L 2 Transport LLC 802 Network 3GPP Network 29
Vielen Dank für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit! Noch Fragen? Fragen und Diskussion 30