LTE BACKHAUL REQUIREMENTS: A REALITY CHECK
|
|
- Ruby Ami Adams
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 By: Peter Croy, Sr. Network Architect, Aviat Networks INTRODUCTION LTE mobile broadband technology is now being launched across the world with more than 140 service providers committed to implement it within the next two years. 3GPP, the LTE standards defining body, has detailed the requirements of the new radio and core network domain, but not for the packet backhaul network linking the two domains together. Therefore, the industry has been left to extrapolate requirements for the backhaul network based on the best-case radio interface capabilities. This leads to exaggerated predictions and is insufficient to plan backhaul networks. This paper estimates backhaul capacity more realistically by combining factors of LTE channel capacity, radio propagation, cell site design and traffic aggregation. LTE USER DOWNLOAD SPEEDS Base stations transmit and receive user traffic over the assigned LTE radio or channel. Traffic volume is directly proportional to the LTE radio channel size. 3GPP defined channels of 5MHz, 10MHz, 20MHz and others in the R8 standard. The standard also defines radio interface spectral efficiency targets for download (5 bits/hz) and for upload (2.5 bits/hz) of this radio channel. To estimate the available over-the-air LTE radio peak rate, we need to look at how an LTE radio base station maximizes the available radio channel. The main parameter is the received signal quality measured at the handset. The closer a handset is to the base station, the better the radio signal quality and the higher the radio peak rate. LTE defines three modulation settings: QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM. The best results are achieved using 64QAM, but this is only available very close to the cell centre and represents the maximum peak rate (100%). 16QAM corresponds to 66% and QPSK to 33% of this maximum. This reduced peak rate is available throughout most of the cell coverage area, with QPSK right up to the cell edge. All LTE peak rate figures assume the use of the entire LTE cell by a single user handset and include the radio layer 1 and layer 2 overhead of 10-25% (e.g., error correction, MAC control). In reality, multiple handsets will share the available radio resources of the LTE cell, resulting in a lower peak rate as well as average throughput per user. Figure 1 below provides an overview of realistic user handset peak data rates. As an example, the calculation for a 10MHz LTE spectrum at medium cell centre distance is as follows: Theoretical peak data rate (50Mbps) x 66% (16QAM) x 85% (minus L1&2 overhead) = 28 Mbps. Figure 1: Estimated net LTE user data peak rates 1 AVIAT NETWORKS FEBRUARY 2011
2 LTE CELL SITE BACKHAUL REQUIREMENTS Having estimated the LTE radio cell or sector peak data throughput, we can look at realistic cell site backhaul requirements. Each LTE cell site typically combines three LTE radio sectors into one macro site. The backhaul network connects to it via the S1 interface as specified in R8 (Figure 2). This is a logical IP interface split into a user session (S1-U) and control traffic part (S1-MME). Figure 2: LTE backhaul network interfaces Because LTE handsets are statistically distributed within the three radio sectors and not downloading at maximum peak rates all the time, backhaul capacity can be split and overbooked among individual sectors. The busier a macro cell is, the lower this overbooking factor needs to be. For low usage sites, the factor can be safely increased. Existing backhaul transmission networks for 3G, CDMA and WiMAX have shown that factors between two to five work quite well. Dense urban sites certainly have higher needs than rural sites. The size of the cell coverage area is also an important factor as it determines the mean peak rates of the handsets served by the site. Rural sites cover a much larger area and the majority of handsets transmit at lower peak rates, as they are farther away from the cell center. Figure 3 provides an overview of backhaul capacity vs. cell site type. Figure 3: LTE cell backhaul requirements overview In the following example, the calculation for a suburban cell with 10MHz LTE channel would be: 28Mbit/s (medium range peak of Figure 1) x 3 sectors / 3 (overbooking factor OBF) x 100/85 (15% QoS margin) = 33Mbit/s. The QoS margin ensures that the backhaul network transmission buffers can deal with highpriority data bursts without dropping frames. 2 AVIAT NETWORKS FEBRUARY 2011
3 These values are a realistic starting point for designing the packet backhaul network link capacities. Of course, these figures must be viewed adjusted to the backhaul network traffic reports of regular operational capacity reviews. CAPACITY INCREASE THROUGH LTE TECHNOLOGY EVOLUTION The LTE standard is of course evolving and many of its aspects are still theoretical. For example, a major factor is the available antenna technology in use between the base station and the handset. Figure 4 shows an extrapolation of the backhaul capacity requirements trend for a suburban radio cell site with 10MHz LTE radio channel capacity. Service uptake, cell site rollout and antenna technology progress drives the requirements for backhaul capacity. This capacity is not rising exponentially but is rather linear and likely to level off somewhere between 75-90Mbps. Figure 4: 10MHz LTE channel evolution with MIMO Although MIMO (multiple input, multiple output) antenna technology will enhance the peak data rates of handsets, the radio signal conditions of a noisy and interfering LTE environment are still forming a fundamental ceiling of how much data throughput improvement is achievable. Figure 4 is showing this improvement through increased backhaul requirements. But even for a dense urban area with large numbers of users, a three-sector macro cell using a 20MHz radio channel plus 4x4 MIMO technology is unlikely to require more than Mbps dedicated backhaul capacity. IMPROVING LTE THROUGHPUT AND SERVICE QUALITY Adding LTE radio capacity will improve user data throughput and user experience. Given that the licensed LTE radio channel size cannot be easily increased, the alternative is to deploy more LTE cell sites covering smaller radio areas. Many smaller cells, e.g. picocells, can supplement three-sector macro cells. Picocells host fewer concurrent user handsets, but typically provide better radio signal quality and throughput rates to each user. This will require separate, dedicated backhaul networks to high user demand environments like sports stadiums, business parks, conference centers or public areas. The deployment of smaller cells within the coverage area of macro cells also adds radio interference and increases handovers. Advanced LTE radio network analysis and design 3 AVIAT NETWORKS FEBRUARY 2011
4 adaptation is required to minimize side effects of deploying many small radio cells to enhance LTE throughput. TOPOLOGIES FOR LTE BACKHAUL Link capacity alone is not enough for a successful LTE backhaul network. Several factors need to be considered when designing the network. DAISY CHAINS Existing 2G/3G backhaul networks for TDM circuits have often relied on daisy-chained links to carry the individual circuits. For Ethernet packet networks that connect individual cell sites to each other and to the core network, daisy chains are not a good choice as traffic needs to pass links multiple times to provide the desired connectivity. It is also quite difficult to insert new cell sites because it makes the chains even longer and exacerbates associated problems. HUB & SPOKE Individual links spreading out from a single hub site is improving the connectivity and capacity requirements of LTE compared to daisy chains. The overall packet transport capacity is still concentrated in the hub site, but network availability and upgradeability factors are good. TREE/TIERED NETWORKS Splitting the network into multiple, smaller hub and branch sites will result in more flexible traffic routing and capacity distribution. Site-to-site connections (LTE X2 interface) are much shorter and link upgrades increase and provide capacity exactly where needed. The topology also results in very few hops from the core edge to the cell site, which is critical to the strict low packet delay and latency requirements of LTE. MESH AND RING NETWORKS This topology incorporates the best of all networking features in terms of capacity, availability and upgradeability. Usually, it is combined with fast link failure detection and recovery to ensure carrier-class transport operation. A ring network topology dimensioned for backhauling six LTE cell sites is pictured in Figure 6: Figure 6: Ring network topology BACKHAUL NETWORK DIMENSIONING We have already looked at LTE radio throughput and how to combine three sectors into a single macro cell site. Each site or network node requires transport capacity from the network. Similarly, we can connect multiple cell sites into a single backhaul network that we need to dimension. Once we have chosen our desired network topology, we can estimate the capacity of each link that connects the sites. 4 AVIAT NETWORKS FEBRUARY 2011
5 Statistical traffic distribution LTE backhaul traffic consists of individual IP/Ethernet packet data streams that can be described best by statistical methods. Interface buffers in each base station and network transport equipment help to adjust to extremely random periods of high and low packet rates sent through the network. LTE users are also spread across the cell sites and moving among them. Not all base stations are operating at the theoretical maximum peak data rate at the same time, resulting in a significantly lower backhaul data rate during a given time interval. The higher the peak packet rates are compared to the averaged packet rate, the higher the overbooking factor (OBF) for this base station can be. We have already discussed an OBF of between 3 and 5 for a typical macro base station of three sectors. Combining multiple base stations works in a similar manner as it exploits the statistical distribution of packet traffic. OBF factors of 1.5 to 3 have proved realistic in HSPA backhaul networks, which show similar packet behavior. EXAMPLE DIMENSIONING: RING TOPOLOGY The ring network example in Figure 6 has been dimensioned with an OBF of 1.5 within the transport ring and with an OBF of 2 for the link of all six sites towards the core network. Each cell is located in a dense urban area and uses a 10MHz LTE channel size. The link connecting the ring to the core network for example, requires a capacity of 6 x 50Mbps / 2 = 150Mbps. NETWORK DIMENSIONING GUIDELINES It is difficult to provide dimensioning rules and overbooking factors that suit all network scenarios and topologies. But as a general principle, OBF factors can be applied at every point in the network that aggregates and combines packet data streams from multiple sources. The closer the aggregation point is to the core domain of the network, the smaller the OBF factor needs to be. Figure 7 provides an overview of OBF factors relative to the location of the aggregation point in the backhaul network domain: Figure 7: Overbooking factors of backhaul links TRAFFIC ASYMMETRY We need to remember that LTE traffic volume is asymmetrically skewed toward user downloads. Packet rates from the core network toward LTE base stations are much higher than in the other direction. This is important for implementing QoS policies as it s more likely download traffic may overload links from the core network toward cell sites. Backhaul network links are typically symmetrical, so uploads play no role in network dimensioning. 5 AVIAT NETWORKS FEBRUARY 2011
6 CONCLUSION As in early phases of every technology, LTE backhaul capacity needs are being overstated. This will change when the technology is more established. The introduction of 3G in the early 2000s went through similar hype. LTE is likely to have an accelerated cycle, but the mobile industry might still suffer from initial frustrations. Usable LTE data capacity is fixed per site independent of number of users or handsets determined by base station technology and channel bandwidth. This can be increased by adding more cell sites or increasing LTE channel bandwidth, which is highly improbable due to LTE licensing requirements. Adding more macro cell sites would significantly increase network operations cost. Smaller picocells with more cost-effective backhaul options are a good compromise for LTE. Operators will have to provide these rather than try to achieve theoretical maximum coverage of macro cells especially in high user demand urban areas. While a backhaul capacity limit of 150 Mbit/s for a three-sector site with 10MHz LTE channels is below some LTE backhaul claims, it takes into account radio propagation limits. LTE backhaul needs to fulfill several requirements of an evolving mobile network. High availability, low latency, low packet loss, QoS, direct site-to-site connectivity and high network capacity are the most important. Ring or mesh topologies with multiple paths from access to the core will fit better than long chains of single-path links. They can also accommodate new network nodes more easily without disturbing the existing network capacity distribution and connectivity relationships. Aviat, Aviat Networks, and Aviat logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Aviat Networks, Inc. Aviat Networks, Inc All Rights Reserved 6 AVIAT NETWORKS FEBRUARY 2011
LTE BACKHAUL REQUIREMENTS A REALITY CHECK PETER CROY, SENIOR NETWORK ARCHITECT, AVIAT NETWORKS
LTE BACKHAUL REQUIREMENTS A REALITY CHECK PETER CROY, SENIOR NETWORK ARCHITECT, AVIAT NETWORKS 1 LTE Cell: Single User Throughput Estimates Data Rate Down/Up [Mbps] vs. Distance from Cell Center Channel
More informationThe future of mobile networking. David Kessens <david.kessens@nsn.com>
The future of mobile networking David Kessens Introduction Current technologies Some real world measurements LTE New wireless technologies Conclusion 2 The future of mobile networking
More informationApp coverage. ericsson White paper Uen 284 23-3212 Rev B August 2015
ericsson White paper Uen 284 23-3212 Rev B August 2015 App coverage effectively relating network performance to user experience Mobile broadband networks, smart devices and apps bring significant benefits
More informationThe Economics of Gigabit 4G Mobile Backhaul
The Economics of Gigabit 4G Mobile Backhaul How wireless fiber 80 GHz links provide an economical alternative to operator-owned fiber Gregg Levin Vice President, Infrastructure Solutions BridgeWave Communications
More informationLTE-Advanced Carrier Aggregation Optimization
Nokia Networks LTE-Advanced Carrier Aggregation Optimization Nokia Networks white paper LTE-Advanced Carrier Aggregation Optimization Contents Introduction 3 Carrier Aggregation in live networks 4 Multi-band
More informationWHITE PAPER. Realistic LTE Performance From Peak Rate to Subscriber Experience
WHITE PAPER Realistic LTE Performance From Peak Rate to Subscriber Experience Realistic LTE Performance From Peak Rate to Subscriber Experience Introduction Peak data rates are often perceived as actual
More informationWhat is going on in Mobile Broadband Networks?
Nokia Networks What is going on in Mobile Broadband Networks? Smartphone Traffic Analysis and Solutions White Paper Nokia Networks white paper What is going on in Mobile Broadband Networks? Contents Executive
More informationHSPA, LTE and beyond. HSPA going strong. PRESS INFORMATION February 11, 2011
HSPA, LTE and beyond The online multimedia world made possible by mobile broadband has changed people s perceptions of data speeds and network service quality. Regardless of where they are, consumers no
More informationMobile backhaul market: Phase 1 report
. Report for Vodafone Mobile backhaul market: Phase 1 report 27 February 2014 Dr James Allen, Dr Franck Chevalier, Burcu Bora Ref: 39013-86 Mobile backhaul market: Phase 1 report 1 Contents 1 Introduction
More informationDimensioning, configuration and deployment of Radio Access Networks. part 5: HSPA and LTE HSDPA. Shared Channel Transmission
HSDPA Dimensioning, configuration and deployment of Radio Access Networks. part 5: HSPA and LTE Enhanced Support for Downlink Packet Data Higher Capacity Higher Peak data rates Lower round trip delay Part
More informationWireless Technologies for the 450 MHz band
Wireless Technologies for the 450 MHz band By CDG 450 Connectivity Special Interest Group (450 SIG) September 2013 1. Introduction Fast uptake of Machine- to Machine (M2M) applications and an installed
More informationEfficient resource utilization improves the customer experience
White paper Efficient resource utilization improves the customer experience Multiflow, aggregation and multi band load balancing for Long Term HSPA Evolution Executive summary Contents 2. Executive summary
More information3GPP Wireless Standard
3GPP Wireless Standard Shishir Pandey School of Technology and Computer Science TIFR, Mumbai April 10, 2009 Shishir Pandey (TIFR) 3GPP Wireless Standard April 10, 2009 1 / 23 3GPP Overview 3GPP : 3rd Generation
More informationTechnical and economical assessment of selected LTE-A schemes.
Technical and economical assessment of selected LTE-A schemes. Heinz Droste,, Darmstadt Project Field Intelligent Wireless Technologies & Networks 1 Mobile Networks enabler for connected life & work. Textbox
More informationComparing WiMAX and HSPA+ White Paper
Comparing WiMAX and HSPA+ White Paper Introduction HSPA+ or HSPA Evolved is the next step in the 3GPP evolution. With 3GPP Rel-7 and Rel-8, several new features are added to this 3G WCDMA technology,
More informationLTE Mobility Enhancements
Qualcomm Incorporated February 2010 Table of Contents [1] Introduction... 1 [2] LTE Release 8 Handover Procedures... 2 2.1 Backward Handover... 2 2.2 RLF Handover... 3 2.3 NAS Recovery... 5 [3] LTE Forward
More informationMNS Viewpoint: LTE EVOLUTION IN AFRICA 1. Introduction
MNS Viewpoint: LTE EVOLUTION IN AFRICA 1. Introduction Wireless communications have evolved rapidly since the emergence of 2G networks. 4G technology (also called LTE), enables to answer the new data market
More informationHSPA+ and LTE Test Challenges for Multiformat UE Developers
HSPA+ and LTE Test Challenges for Multiformat UE Developers Presented by: Jodi Zellmer, Agilent Technologies Agenda Introduction FDD Technology Evolution Technology Overview Market Overview The Future
More informationapp coverage applied EXTRACT FROM THE ERICSSON MOBILITY REPORT
app applied EXTRACT FROM THE ERICSSON MOBILITY REPORT NOVEMBER 2013 App COVERAGE applied The use of smartphones and tablets has caused a surge in mobile data around the world. Today, users want reliable
More informationCloud RAN. ericsson White paper Uen 284 23-3271 September 2015
ericsson White paper Uen 284 23-3271 September 2015 Cloud RAN the benefits of virtualization, centralization and coordination Mobile networks are evolving quickly in terms of coverage, capacity and new
More informationWhite paper. Mobile broadband with HSPA and LTE capacity and cost aspects
White paper Mobile broadband with HSPA and LTE capacity and cost aspects Contents 3 Radio capacity of mobile broadband 7 The cost of mobile broadband capacity 10 Summary 11 Abbreviations The latest generation
More informationNSN White paper February 2014. Nokia Solutions and Networks Smart Scheduler
NSN White paper February 2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks Smart Scheduler CONTENTS 1. Introduction 3 2. Smart Scheduler Features and Benefits 4 3. Smart Scheduler wit Explicit Multi-Cell Coordination
More informationUse of MPLS in Mobile Backhaul Networks
Use of MPLS in Mobile Backhaul Networks Introduction Backhaul plays a vital role in mobile networks by acting as the link between Radio Access Network (RAN) equipment (Eg: radio basestation) and the mobile
More informationChallenges in Future Wireless Broadband Access Networks
Challenges in Future Wireless Broadband Access Networks C1 Öffentlich / Public Version 1.0 Dr. Andreas Jungmaier Network Strategy & Assessment / TNS Vodafone D2 The Future of Broadband Wireless 26. Treffen
More informationLTE Performance and Analysis using Atoll Simulation
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE) e-issn: 2278-1676,p-ISSN: 2320-3331, Volume 9, Issue 6 Ver. III (Nov Dec. 2014), PP 68-72 LTE Performance and Analysis using Atoll Simulation
More informationNetwork Cost Cutting Rural Cellular Association October 22, 2009
Network Cost Cutting Rural Cellular Association October 22, 2009 page 1 Agenda > Market Drivers > The Problem with Leased Lines > The Problem with Fiber > Economics of Microwave > TDM to IP Migration >
More informationUse Current Success to Develop Future Business
>THIS IS THE WAY Use Current Success to Develop Future Business Malur Narayan / Nitin Khanna February 2005 >THIS IS Wireless Broadband Opportunities & Segments Mobile Broadband Access Enterprise Broadband
More informationNokia Siemens Networks LTE 1800 MHz Introducing LTE with maximum reuse of GSM assets
Nokia Siemens Networks LTE 1800 MHz Introducing LTE with maximum reuse of GSM assets White paper Table of contents 1. Overview... 3 2. 1800 MHz spectrum... 3 3. Traffic Migration... 5 4. Deploying LTE-GSM
More informationSharing experiences from small cell backhaul trials. Andy Sutton Principal Network Architect Network Strategy, Architecture & Design 31/01/13
Sharing experiences from small cell backhaul trials Andy Sutton Principal Network Architect Network Strategy, Architecture & Design 31/01/13 Contents 1. Overview of EE 2G/3G/4G/WiFi Network 2. Understanding
More informationBringing Mobile Broadband to Rural Areas. Ulrich Rehfuess Head of Spectrum Policy and Regulation Nokia Siemens Networks
Bringing Mobile Broadband to Rural Areas Ulrich Rehfuess Head of Spectrum Policy and Regulation Nokia Siemens Networks Agenda Drivers in Mobile Broadband Why LTE? Market Status, Networks and Devices Implementation
More informationMIGRATING PUBLIC SAFETY NETWORKS TO IP/MPLS
AVIAT NETWORKS MIGRATING PUBLIC SAFETY NETWORKS TO IP/MPLS CHOOSING THE RIGHT MICROWAVE PLATFORM converging w i r e l e s s networks This paper explores the migration strategy for Public Safety (PS) networks
More informationWIRELESS IN THE METRO PACKET MICROWAVE EXPLAINED
WIRELESS IN THE METRO PACKET MICROWAVE EXPLAINED RAJESH KUMAR SUNDARARAJAN Assistant Vice President - Product Management, Aricent Group WIRELESS IN THE METRO PACKET MICROWAVE EXPLAINED This whitepaper
More informationApplication Note License-Exempt Gigabit Ethernet Microwave Radio Applications
Application Note License-Exempt Gigabit Ethernet Microwave Radio Applications Applicable Products: EX-5r GigE, EX-5r-c GigE Introduction The accelerated growth of fixed and mobile wireless broadband services
More informationDon t worry Mobile broadband is profitable
Don t worry Mobile broadband is profitable figuring out the right price real operator cases in fact RECENT REPORTS (from Yankee Group and Heavy Reading) warn operators to be careful of the traps they may
More informationWiMAX and the IEEE 802.16m Air Interface Standard - April 2010
WiMAX and the IEEE 802.16m Air Interface Standard - April 2010 Introduction The IEEE 802.16e-2005 amendment to the IEEE Std 802.16-2004 Air Interface Standard which added Scalable-Orthogonal Frequency
More informationMobile broadband for all
ericsson White paper Uen 284 23-3195 Rev B March 2015 Mobile broadband for all optimizing radio technologies As operators roll out LTE 4G networks, WCDMA/HSPA 3G technology is rapidly shifting from the
More informationGTER 26 tudo o que você. quer saber sobre 802.11n
GTER 26 tudo o que você (não) quer saber sobre 802.11n Luiz Eduardo Dos Santos CISSP CWNE CEH GISP GCIH Sr. Systems & Security Engineer Americas hello agenda evolution of wi-fi what makes 11n what actually
More informationEvolution of the Air Interface From 2G Through 4G and Beyond
Evolution of the Air Interface From 2G Through 4G and Beyond Presentation to IEEE Ottawa Section / Alliance of IEEE Consultants Network (AICN) - 2nd May 2012 Frank Rayal BLiNQ Networks/ Telesystem Innovations
More informationHSPA: High Speed Wireless Broadband From HSDPA to HSUPA and beyond. HSPA: High Speed Wireless Broadband From HSDPA to HSUPA and Beyond
HSPA: High Speed Wireless Broadband From HSDPA to HSUPA and beyond HSPA: High Speed Wireless Broadband From HSDPA to HSUPA and Beyond Introduction... 3 HSPA Explained... 3 HSPA Technology... 4 HSDPA...4
More informationCopyright Telefon AB LM Ericsson 2009. All rights reserved 11. Ericsson Capital Markets Day May 8, 2009
Copyright Telefon AB LM Ericsson 2009. All rights reserved 11 Ericsson Capital Markets Day May 8, 2009 Oscar Gestblom Marketing Director, Networks Martin Ljungberg Product Manager - Mobile Broadband Networks
More informationSolution for cell edge performance improvement and dynamic load balancing. Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.
HSPA+ Multiflow Solution for cell edge performance improvement and dynamic load balancing Feburary 1, 2014 Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. Not to be used, copied, reproduced, or modified in whole or in part,
More informationAttenuation (amplitude of the wave loses strength thereby the signal power) Refraction Reflection Shadowing Scattering Diffraction
Wireless Physical Layer Q1. Is it possible to transmit a digital signal, e.g., coded as square wave as used inside a computer, using radio transmission without any loss? Why? It is not possible to transmit
More informationCS263: Wireless Communications and Sensor Networks
CS263: Wireless Communications and Sensor Networks Matt Welsh Lecture 4: Medium Access Control October 5, 2004 2004 Matt Welsh Harvard University 1 Today's Lecture Medium Access Control Schemes: FDMA TDMA
More informationEvolution in Mobile Radio Networks
Evolution in Mobile Radio Networks Multiple Antenna Systems & Flexible Networks InfoWare 2013, July 24, 2013 1 Nokia Siemens Networks 2013 The thirst for mobile data will continue to grow exponentially
More informationLTE, WLAN, BLUETOOTHB
LTE, WLAN, BLUETOOTHB AND Aditya K. Jagannatham FUTURE Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Commonwealth of Learning Vancouver 4G LTE LTE (Long Term Evolution) is the 4G wireless cellular standard developed
More informationInter-Cell Interference Coordination (ICIC) Technology
Inter-Cell Interference Coordination (ICIC) Technology Dai Kimura Hiroyuki Seki Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a promising standard for next-generation cellular systems targeted to have a peak downlink bit
More informationUnderstanding Mobile Wireless Backhaul
Understanding Mobile Wireless Backhaul Understanding Mobile Wireless Backhaul 1 Introduction Wireless networks are evolving from voice-only traffic to networks supporting both voice and high-speed data
More informationBroadband Technology Clinic. Burlington Telecom Advisory Board
Broadband Technology Clinic Burlington Telecom Advisory Board 1 What are the Defining Characteristics of a Broadband Service? Speed - Throughput capability both down and upstream Performance - Latency
More informationTotal Communication Solutions. Leading provider of customer-focused technology and communications solutions for the global marketplace
Total Communication Solutions Leading provider of customer-focused technology and communications solutions for the global marketplace Who we are ADVANTECH is a global manufacturer of satellite and terrestrial
More informationFrequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) vs. Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) in Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) and Wireless LAN (WLAN)
FHSS vs. DSSS page 1 of 16 Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) vs. Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) in Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) and Wireless LAN (WLAN) by Sorin M. SCHWARTZ Scope In 1997
More informationALTERNATIVE BACKHAUL AND DATA OFFLOAD SOLUTIONS FOR GSM AND UMTS OPERATORS
QUICK LOOK ALTERNATIVE BACKHAUL AND DATA OFFLOAD SOLUTIONS FOR GSM AND UMTS OPERATORS The Cisco RAN Optimization solution offers alternative radio access network (RAN) backhaul transport and data offload
More informationBest Practices for High Density Wireless Network Design In Education and Small/Medium Businesses
Best Practices for High Density Wireless Network Design In Education and Small/Medium Businesses White Paper Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 Introduction 3 Determining Access Point Throughput 4 Establishing
More informationTechnology White Paper Capacity Constrained Smart Grid Design
Capacity Constrained Smart Grid Design Smart Devices Smart Networks Smart Planning EDX Wireless Tel: +1-541-345-0019 I Fax: +1-541-345-8145 I info@edx.com I www.edx.com Mark Chapman and Greg Leon EDX Wireless
More informationUpcoming Enhancements to LTE: R9 R10 R11!
Upcoming Enhancements to LTE: R9 R10 R11! Jayant Kulkarni Award Solutions jayant@awardsolutions.com Award Solutions Dallas-based wireless training and consulting company Privately held company founded
More informationSimplified network architecture delivers superior mobile broadband
White paper Simplified network architecture delivers superior mobile broadband Profitable wireless broadband with Internet-HSPA Contents 3 Executive Summary 4 Mobile data traffic is growing strongly 5
More informationMotorola Wireless Broadband. Point-to-Multipoint (PMP) Access Network Solutions
Motorola Wireless Broadband Point-to-Multipoint (PMP) Access Network Solutions Motorola Technology is as Simple as it is Powerful Motorola Wireless Broadband Point-to-Multipoint (PMP) solutions are streamlined,
More informationCooperative Techniques in LTE- Advanced Networks. Md Shamsul Alam
Cooperative Techniques in LTE- Advanced Networks Md Shamsul Alam Person-to-person communications Rich voice Video telephony, video conferencing SMS/MMS Content delivery Mobile TV High quality video streaming
More informationLoRaWAN. What is it? A technical overview of LoRa and LoRaWAN. Technical Marketing Workgroup 1.0
LoRaWAN What is it? A technical overview of LoRa and LoRaWAN Technical Marketing Workgroup 1.0 November 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION... 3 What is LoRa?... 3 Long Range (LoRa )... 3 2. Where does
More informationAppendix A: Basic network architecture
Appendix A: Basic network architecture TELECOMMUNICATIONS LOCAL ACCESS NETWORKS Traditionally, telecommunications networks are classified as either fixed or mobile, based on the degree of mobility afforded
More informationRethinking Small Cell Backhaul
WIRELESS 20 20 Rethinking Small Cell Backhaul A Business Case Analysis of Cost-Effective Small Cell Backhaul Network Solutions The Wireless 20/20 WiROI Wireless Business Case Analysis Tool enables mobile
More informationVOICE OVER WI-FI CAPACITY PLANNING
VOICE OVER WI-FI CAPACITY PLANNING Version 1.0 Copyright 2003 Table of Contents Introduction...3 Wi-Fi RF Technology Options...3 Spectrum Availability and Non-Overlapping Wi-Fi Channels...4 Limited
More informationShould Pakistan Leapfrog the Developed World in Broadband? By: Syed Ismail Shah Iqra University Islamabad Campus E-mail: ismail@iqraisb.edu.
Should Pakistan Leapfrog the Developed World in Broadband? By: Syed Ismail Shah Iqra University Islamabad Campus E-mail: ismail@iqraisb.edu.pk Should Pakistan Leapfrog the Developed World in Broadband?
More informationTiming over Packet. Technical Brief
Technical Brief 02/08 1. Abstract This paper is designed to help operators understand how to deploy Precision Time Protocol (PTP, or IEEE 1588v2) in mobile networks for the purpose of synchronizing base
More informationBroadband data performance of third-generation mobile systems
Broadband data performance of third-generation mobile systems Johan Sköld, Magnus Lundevall, Stefan Parkvall and Magnus Sundelin The rapid, widespread deployment of WCDMA and an increasing uptake of third-generation
More informationBUILDING BETTER BACKHAUL EVERYWHERE
BUILDING BETTER BACKHAUL EVERYWHERE BUILDING BETTER BACKHAUL EVERYWHERE As service providers and enterprises scale their wireless access networks to enable powerful new applications and services, many
More informationPlanning for 802.11ac Adoption with Ekahau Site Survey 6.0
Planning for 802.11ac Adoption with Ekahau Site Survey 6.0 1 P a g e w w w. e k a h a u. c o m / e s s Introduction to 802.11ac The emerging next generation Wi-Fi standard IEEE 802.11ac aims to break the
More informationPropsim enabled Mobile Ad-hoc Network Testing
www.anite.com Propsim enabled Mobile Ad-hoc Network Testing Anite is now part of Keysight Technologies Lab-based, end-to-end performance testing of systems using Propsim MANET channel emulation A Mobile
More informationUsing & Offering Wholesale Ethernet Network and Operational Considerations
White Paper Using and Offering Wholesale Ethernet Using & Offering Wholesale Ethernet Network and Operational Considerations Introduction Business services customers are continuing to migrate to Carrier
More informationDelivering 4x4 MIMO for LTE Mobile Devices. March 2014. SkyCross Dual imat 4x4 MIMO Technology for LTE. Introduction
Delivering 4x4 MIMO for LTE Mobile Devices SkyCross Dual imat 4x4 MIMO Technology for LTE March 2014 Introduction With the rise of low-cost smartphones on the horizon, creating differentiation by leveraging
More informationSURVEY OF LTE AND LTE ADVANCED SYSTEM
IMPACT: International Journal of Research in Engineering & Technology (IMPACT: IJRET) ISSN(E): 2321-8843; ISSN(P): 2347-4599 Vol. 2, Issue 5, May 2014, 1-6 Impact Journals SURVEY OF LTE AND LTE ADVANCED
More informationLTE: Technology and Health. 4G and Mobile Broadband
LTE: Technology and Health 4G and Mobile Broadband LTE Technology and Health Mobile Broadband typically refers to providing customers with high speed data while on the move. There are several technologies
More informationFPGAs in Next Generation Wireless Networks
FPGAs in Next Generation Wireless Networks March 2010 Lattice Semiconductor 5555 Northeast Moore Ct. Hillsboro, Oregon 97124 USA Telephone: (503) 268-8000 www.latticesemi.com 1 FPGAs in Next Generation
More informationGuidelines for LTE Backhaul Traffic Estimation
A White Paper by the NGMN Alliance Guidelines for LTE Backhaul Traffic Estimation next generation mobile networks Guidelines for LTE Backhaul Traffic Estimation by NGMN Alliance Version: 0.4.2 FINAL Date:
More informationCDMA Network Planning
CDMA Network Planning by AWE Communications GmbH www.awe-com.com Contents Motivation Overview Network Planning Module Air Interface Cell Load Interference Network Simulation Simulation Results by AWE Communications
More informationMobile. Analyzing, Planning and Optimizing Heterogeneous Mobile Access and Core Networks
Mobile Analyzing, Planning and Optimizing Heterogeneous Mobile Access and Core Networks The Features NetWorks Mobile is a tool for analyzing, planning and optimizing the fixed-line part of your (mobile)
More informationAn Algorithm for Automatic Base Station Placement in Cellular Network Deployment
An Algorithm for Automatic Base Station Placement in Cellular Network Deployment István Törős and Péter Fazekas High Speed Networks Laboratory Dept. of Telecommunications, Budapest University of Technology
More informationDimensioning of WCDMA radio network subsystem for determining optimal configurations
Dimensioning of WCDMA radio network subsystem for determining optimal configurations Master s Thesis, Jarno Toivonen Nokia Networks Supervisor: Prof. Sven-Gustav Häggman 1 NOKIA Config_dim_in_WCDMA_RNS.ppt
More information3G smartphones. ericsson White paper Uen 284 23-3250 February 2015
ericsson White paper Uen 284 23-3250 February 2015 3G smartphones optimizing user experience and network efficiency Rapid global smartphone uptake is creating new mobile data traffic patterns. There is
More informationDemystifying Wireless for Real-World Measurement Applications
Proceedings of the IMAC-XXVIII February 1 4, 2010, Jacksonville, Florida USA 2010 Society for Experimental Mechanics Inc. Demystifying Wireless for Real-World Measurement Applications Kurt Veggeberg, Business,
More informationVoice services over Adaptive Multi-user Orthogonal Sub channels An Insight
TEC Voice services over Adaptive Multi-user Orthogonal Sub channels An Insight HP 4/15/2013 A powerful software upgrade leverages quaternary modulation and MIMO techniques to improve network efficiency
More information1 Introduction 1 1.1 Services and Applications for HSPA 3 1.2 Organization of the Book 6 References 7
Figures and Tables About the Authors Preface Foreword Acknowledgements xi xix xxi xxiii xxv 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Services and Applications for HSPA 3 1.2 Organization of the Book 6 References 7 2 Overview
More informationLTE Overview October 6, 2011
LTE Overview October 6, 2011 Robert Barringer Enterprise Architect AT&T Proprietary (Internal Use Only) Not for use or disclosure outside the AT&T companies except under written agreement LTE Long Term
More informationTHE Evolution of Mobile network and THE role of Network transport. Rodolfo Di Muro, PhD, MBA Programs marketing
THE Evolution of Mobile network and THE role of Network transport Rodolfo Di Muro, PhD, MBA Programs marketing Agenda 1 Mobile network evolution business opportunities 2 The role of the transport network
More informationNEW WORLD TELECOMMUNICATIONS LIMITED. 2 nd Trial Test Report on 3.5GHz Broadband Wireless Access Technology
NEW WORLD TELECOMMUNICATIONS LIMITED 2 nd Trial Test Report on 3.5GHz Broadband Wireless Access Technology Issue Number: 01 Issue Date: 20 April 2006 New World Telecommunications Ltd Page 1 of 9 Issue
More informationSATELLITE MOBILE BACKHAUL: FROM VOICE TO DOMINANT DATA
SATELLITE MOBILE BACKHAUL: FROM VOICE TO DOMINANT DATA Introduction Mobile operators in emerging markets are under pressure to extend their services in rural areas. Either their markets are becoming mature,
More informationTelecommunication Services Engineering (TSE) Lab. Chapter III 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) and Evolved Packet Core (EPC)
Chapter III 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) and Evolved Packet Core (EPC) http://users.encs.concordia.ca/~glitho/ Outline 1. LTE 2. EPC architectures (Basic and advanced) 3. Mobility management in EPC 4.
More informationJoint Optimization of Routing and Radio Configuration in Fixed Wireless Networks
Joint Optimization of Routing and Radio Configuration in Fixed Wireless Networks David Coudert, Napoleão Nepomuceno, Hervé Rivano Projet Mascotte, I3S(CNRS-UNSA) INRIA Réunion Mascotte, March 2009 MASCOTTE
More informationSmartDiagnostics Application Note Wireless Interference
SmartDiagnostics Application Note Wireless Interference Publication Date: May 27, 2015 KCF Technologies, Inc. Background The SmartDiagnostics wireless network is an easy to install, end-to-end machine
More informationREPORT ITU-R M.2134. Requirements related to technical performance for IMT-Advanced radio interface(s)
Rep. ITU-R M.2134 1 REPORT ITU-R M.2134 Requirements related to technical performance for IMT-Advanced radio interface(s) (2008) TABLE OF CONTENTS... Page 1 Introduction... 2 2 Scope and purpose... 2 3
More informationLTE Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Services (MBMS)
LTE Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Services (MBMS) LTE is the technology of choice for mobile operators because it delivers significantly higher bandwidth with the lowest amount of spectral resources.
More informationCellular Network Planning and Optimization Part XI: HSDPA. Jyri Hämäläinen, Communications and Networking Department, TKK, 25.1.
Cellular Network Planning and Optimization Part XI: HSDPA Jyri Hämäläinen, Communications and Networking Department, TKK, 25.1.2008 HSDPA HSDPA = High Speed Downlink Packet Access. Release 5 was the first
More informationMulti-protocol Label Switching
An INS White Paper Multi-protocol Label Switching An economic way to deliver integrated voice, video and data traffic March 2013 Run your business on one network Multi-protocol Label Switching (MPLS) is
More informationDownlink resource allocation algorithm: Quality of Service
International Association of Scientific Innovation and Research (IASIR) (An Association Unifying the Sciences, Engineering, and Applied Research) International Journal of Engineering, Business and Enterprise
More informationThe Growth and Evolution of CDMA2000 1xEV-DO
The Growth and Evolution of CDMA2000 1xEV-DO March 2005 CDMA2000 1xEV-DO The fastest mobile wireless networks in the world, from Seoul to San Diego and Sao Paolo, are powered by CDMA2000 1xEV- DO (Evolution
More informationGet the best performance from your LTE Network with MOBIPASS
Get the best performance from your LTE Network with MOBIPASS The most powerful, user friendly and scalable enodeb test tools family for Network Equipement Manufacturers and Mobile Network Operators Network
More informationLTE Solution and Requirements for Smart Grids
2014 年 11 月 10 日 星 期 一 LTE Solution and Requirements for Smart Grids 11 th November 2014 Markus Dillinger Head of Wireless Internet Technologies Huawei European Research Centre Munich, Germany Outline
More informationMobile Backhaul The Next Telecoms Revolution
Mobile Backhaul The Next Telecoms Revolution Foreword Every once in a while the telecommunications industry experiences a technological and commercial revolution. One such revolution took place in the
More information