3D Model Generation and Visualization of Archeological Remains in World Historical Sites: Santiago Bastion (Wilhelmus), A Famosa, Malacca. Ismail Ma arof, Mohd Saparina Ab Talib& Abd Manan Samad Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Perlis, Arau, Perlis Department of National Heritage, Kuala Lumpur Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Malaysia, Shah Alam, Selangor Commission No. 3 Presentation Outline Introduction Aim & Objective Methodology Results & Analysis Conclusion
Introduction The three dimensional computer graphics and visualization techniques have been used for wide range of applications such as manufacturing, industrial design, urban design, architecture, cultural heritage, 3D city modeling and GIS. Introduction The use of three dimensional computer graphics and visualization techniques using image based is becoming more and more popular, because these techniques visualize more realistic object models than graphic based object models. According to El Hakim (1998) and Gruen (2012), a large and complex 3D models data are required in most application of 3D modeling and visualization.
Introduction Photogrammetry and digital image processing techniques play important role to make 3D modeling and visualization technology with practicality and cost effective. Table 1. Effectiveness for different method in heritage modeling (Cheong et al, 2011) Aim & Objective The aim of the study is togenerate and to visualize 3D model of archeological sites using image based modeling method. In specific, this study conducted in order to fulfil following objectives:- To identify and investigate an effectiveness of the modeling process. To perform visual interpretation analysis based on generated 3D model. To produce user friendly and multi-purpose outputs.
Study Area The selected study area is A Famosa, Malacca which is one of the World Heritage Sites in Malaysia. A Famosa or "The Famous" in Portuguese is a fortress located in Melaka, Malaysia which is granted the status of World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2008. Built in 1511, Once as part of a mighty fortress, this tiny gate known as Porta de Santiago, one of the four main gates of the famous Portuguese fortress. The fortress consisted of long ramparts and four major towers. Study Area
Study Area Fig.1 : A famosa fortress remain sites Study Area (a) Fig. 2 Wilhemus or Bastion Santiago Plan in 1784 (a) and 1792 (b) (b)
Study Area Fig. 3: Photo of Wilhemus or Bastion Santiago, A Famosa, Malacca. Methodology Reconnaissance & Planning Fig.5 Camera Nikon D80 Topographic Surveying Close-Range Photogrammetry (Terrestrial) Model generation & Visualization Fig.4 Control Survey for Reference point
Results & Discussion Photogrammetric Survey Data Digital Elevetion Model(DEM) 3D Model Generation Results & Discussion (cont.) Terresterial photo Mosaics Fig.7 Perspective view of the terresterial mosaics Fig.6 Archeological site Photographs
Results & Discussion (cont.) Fig.8 Shows the camera location (below and black dots) and number of overlapping photographs (coloured). Results & Discussion (cont.) Fig.9 Digital Elevation Model (DEM)
Results & Discussion (cont.) Fig.10 Shows real scene photographs Results & Discussion (cont.) Fig. 11 Shows low density pre-processing the surface photo textured model
Results & Discussion (cont.) Fig.12 Shows the results of the final processing 3D surface model (compared to the real photos below right) Results & Discussion (cont.) Fig.13 Close-up 3D surface model
Results & Discussion (cont.) Orthophoto Mosaics Fig.14 Top view 3D photo textured surface model Results & Discussion (cont.) Fig 12a. Fig 12b. Fig 12c. Fig.12 Rendered surface model (wireframe and shaded) and generated contour (Fig12c.)
Results & Discussion (cont.) Fig.15 Control point distribution and target used (top photos) Results & Discussion (cont.) Orthophoto Mosaics Fig.16 Generated plan view of the archeologicalsites.
Conclusion 3D models of cultural heritage are best suited to give a clear visualization of existing situation with an effective and practical modeling process. Future situation after planned restoration project can be compared with existing situation using 3D model of cultural heritage with visual interpretation analysis. 3D model generation and visualization of cultural heritage has potential for being new product in the area of documentation of cultural heritage and planning of cultural heritage restorations. Acknowledgment Financial assistant form the Malaysian Peninsular Land Surveyor Board (LJT); Research facilities and support from Pixelgrammetry and Al-Idrisi Research Group (Pi_ALiRG); UiTM Research and Management Institute (RMI-UiTM); Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE); Centre of Studies Surveying Science and Geomatics, Faculty of Architecture, Planning and Surveying, UiTM Shah Alam; UiTM Perlis; Department of National Heritage; Department of Survey and Mapping, Malaysia (JUPEM) are greatly acknowledged.
Thank you for your attention! Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Perlis 0260, Arau, Perlis, MALAYSIA Email: ismailmaarof24@yahoo.com