Going Towards Zero The Zero Waste vision and local practice: case studies, approaches, and operational results in the European context Enzo Favoino Scuola Agraria del Parco di Monza Chair, Scientific Committee, ZWE
Resource management
The historical perspective a clear direction Bellusco (1993): first curbside scheme with separation of organics 65% Carnate (1995): transparent bag to collect residuals 70-75% Torre Boldone (1997): PAYT 80% ZW Municipalities: continued re-design of the system - hitting the high 80 s, 90% in some cases
Zero waste is more the journey, than the destination
Separate collection rates (on aggregate) in the Contarina Districts (2 sub-districts: Priula and Treviso 3 50 Municipalities, pop. 530.000) 80% FONTE: dati Contarina 2012, Ispra dati 2010, Arpav Rapporto rifiuti urbani 2011
Specific residual waste production (kg/ (kg/person.year) 58 55 80 * dal 2011 i rifiuti da spazzamento delle strade vengono avviati a recupero e quindi conteggiati tra i rifiuti riciclabili FONTE: dati Contarina 2012, Ispra dati 2010, Regione Veneto 2011
Tiny tweets, big steps forward
Capannori 2007 (Pop. 45.000)
Why a material recycling society? Environmental benefits Local economic benefits Occupational implications (green jobs) Supply of raw materials
The Resource scarcity crisis http://www.eea.europa.eu/highlights/europe2019s europa eu/highlights/europe2019s-demand-for for-resources resources- reaching?utm_source=eeasubscriptions&utm_medium=rssfeeds&utm_campaign=generic
EP resolution of 20 April 2012 - priorities for 7th EAP (the EP) Takes the view that t the 7th EAP should provide for full implementation of waste legislation, l including compliance with the waste treatment hierarchy while ensuring coherence with other EU policies; considers that it should set more ambitious prevention, re-use and recycling targets, including a net decrease in waste generation
The principles of Zero Waste: the 5 R s Reduce Reuse Recycle Rot (make compost!) Re-design
A basic ZW workprogramme Kerbside collection include the organics! Waste prevention practices in the remit of Community Responsibility Pay-as as-you you-throw Check composition of residual waste (Restabfaelle) Provide input to producers in order to enhance Producer Responsibility
What does it take to get there? Intensive kerbside incl. food waste + PAYT Intensive kerbside, incl. food waste separation Road containers + kerbside (doorstep) for a few dry recyclables (paper) additional systems, organics included trhough containers on the road additional systems, containers on the road for dry recyclables > 80 % 70 % 50 % 40 % 20 %
Captures (kgs/person.week) 2 1,5 1,66 1,59 146 1,46 146 1,46 149 1,49 1,80 1,68 1,75 1,82 1 1,08 0,5 0 26/11-2/12 3/12-9/12 10/12-16/12 17/12-23/12 24/12-30/12 31/12-6/1 07/01-13/1 14/01-20/1 21/01-27/1 28/01-03/2 KG/abitante /b
ready effect actions (Community level) Home composting Sustainable event management (e.g. no throwaway dishes/cutlery) Water from the tap Cloth (washable) nappies
Feeding back paving the road to minimisation
Cost implications EU common trend towards increased cost of disposal Directive on Landfills Directive on incineration + IPPC Hence, increased/maximised material recovery increasingly becoming cost- competitive Evidence widely available!
Cost optimisation i (Lombardy, 1500 Cost of Municipalities) collection (green bars) and cost of treatment/disposal (blue bars) son /pers Euro/
A comparison to national/eu trends Trend of the average fee in Priula, relative to average national trend in costs of waste management in Italy 60,00% 56,92% VARIAZIO ONE % RISPETT TO AL 2001 50,00% 00% 40,00% 30,00% 20,00% 10,00% 0,00% -10,00% 44,61% 49,96% 38,34% 33,92% 22,67% 22,47% 17,37% 19,25% 16,96% 16,56% 11,98% 8,88% 11,06% 12,94% 8,51% 7,80% 3,54% 7,06% 2,63% 4,96% 5,72% 4,06% 2,41% 2,40% 0,32% 3,05% 191% 1,91% -1,20% -5,96% 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 TARIFFA DOMESTICA CONSORZIO PRIULA variazione ANNO % rispetto anno base (2001) INDICE NAZIONALE PREZZI AL CONSUMO ISTAT FOI variazione % rispetto anno base (2001) EVOLUZIONE MEDIA TARIFFE RIFIUTI IN ITALIA -variazione % rispetto anno base (2001)
100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% DE NL AT SE BE DK LU FR FI UK IT SI ES PT IE CZ HU PL EE SK Landfill Incineration Recycling Composting GR MT Source: Eurostat 2012 CY LV LT RO BG EU 27 Source: Eurostat 2012
Planning in a changing context Increasing importance of secondary raw materials resource scarcity crisis Drivers and directions coming from the EU context Increasing importance of reduction/recycling recycling Increased targets? Ever-decreasing marginal value of WtE From 0,6 kg CO 2-eq/kWh towards zero ever-decreasing amounts of residual waste Keep the focus on ever-increasing material recovery
http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/06/05/ / /2012/06/05/ eon-waste-sale-idusl5e8h581v20120605 E.ON Energy from Waste ( ) has 18 waste incinerators in Europe, most in Germany, with an annual capacity of about 4.0 million tonnes. But the market is experiencing overcapacity after Germany encouraged construction of incinerators in the 1990s to reduce the use of landfills. These plants now compete for shrinking amounts of waste as recycling increases. Incineration companies must pay more for the refuse they use as fuel while power prices are falling
Notes for the file When a Community is a ZW Community? Travel on, your journey matters Importance of the final feedback!! Analyses of RW ZW Boards to include Communities and exert continued control on the system, its shortcomings, further implementation The power of re-designing What to do with leftovers while making the journey? KEEP THE SYSTEM ADAPTABLE!
Najlepša vam hvala! Enzo Favoino Scuola Agraria del Parco di Monza 335.355446 enzofavoino@alice.it