NCH Software WavePad Sound Editor

NCH Software WavePad Sound Editor This user guide has been created for use with WavePad Sound Editor Version 6.xx NCH Software

Technica Support If you have difficuties using WavePad Sound Editor pease read the appicabe topic before requesting support. If your probem is not covered in this user guide pease view the up-to-date WavePad Sound Editor Onine Technica Support at www.nch.com.au/wavepad/support.htm. If that does not sove your probem, you can contact us using the technica support contacts isted on that page. Software Suggestions If you have any suggestions for improvements to WavePad Sound Editor, or suggestions for other reated software that you might need, pease post it on our Suggestions page at www.nch.com.au/suggestions/index.htm. Many of our software projects have been undertaken after suggestions from users ike you. You get a free upgrade if we foow your suggestion.

WavePad Sound Editor Contents Upgrading to WavePad Master's Edition... 5 Software License Terms... 6 Basics Overview... 7 Genera Audio Concepts... 8 WavePad Basics... 11 Main Screen Reference... 12 Undo and Redo... 14 Working With Fies... 15 Recording... 17 The Frequency Spectrogram View... 18 Bookmarks and Regions... 19 WavePad Projects... 21 Shortcut Keys Reference... 22 Editing Convert Sampe Rate and Channes... 24 Movement and Seection... 25 Cut, Copy, and Paste... 26 Paste Mix... 27 Deete... 28 Spit... 29 Batch Join... 30 Join Mono Fies to Make Stereo... 31 Dupicate... 32 Copy to New... 33 Mix With Fie... 34 Repeat Loop... 35 Sience... 36 Trim... 37 Edit Sampes... 39 Save Seected Region As... 40 Insert Fie... 41 Lossess MP3 Editing... 42 Effects 1

Effects and Audio Processes... 43 Effect Chain... 44 DirectX Effects... 45 VST Pugins... 46 Ampify... 47 Normaize... 48 Compressor... 49 Equaizer... 52 Enveope... 55 Stereo Pan... 56 Echo... 57 Reverb... 58 Phaser... 59 Fanger... 60 Vibrato... 61 Tremoo... 62 Dopper... 63 Wah-Wah... 64 Chorus... 65 Distortion... 66 AM Radio Effect... 67 Teephone Effect... 68 Reverse... 69 Fading... 70 Speed and Pitch Changing... 72 Reduce Vocas... 73 Voice Change... 74 Audio Ceanup Noise Reduction... 75 Cick/Pop Remova... 76 High-Pass Fiter... 77 Low-Pass Fiter... 78 Automatic Gain Contro... 79 DC Offset Correction... 80 Toos Frequency Anaysis (FFT and TFFT)... 81 Text To Speech... 83 Navigate Speech... 84 Batch Converter... 85 Create Ringtone... 86 Downoad From Sound Library... 87 Surround Sound Editor... 88 2

Options Options... 90 Genera... 91 Audio... 92 Recording... 93 Appearance... 94 Payback... 95 Keys and Macros... 96 Fie Types... 97 Output Formats WavePad Output Formats... 98 WAV Settings... 99 MP3 Settings... 100 Vox/Raw Settings... 101 OGG Settings... 102 FLAC Settings... 103 AAC/M4A Settings... 104 AMR Settings... 105 RSS Podcast Settings... 106 M3U Payist Settings... 107 PLS Payist Settings... 109 WPL Payist Settings... 110 Advanced Command Line Options... 112 Suite Recommended Programs... 114 NCH Sound Library NCH Sound Library... 115 Other Links 3

Recommended HardwareRecommended MicrophonesRecommended Headphones Recommended Speakers Recommended Audio DevicesMPC SettingsAPE Settings SPX Settings 4

Upgrading to WavePad Master's Edition A number of professiona toos for WavePad are ony avaiabe if you have purchased an upgrade to WavePad Master's Edition. To view pricing and to purchase an upgrade to WavePad Master's Edition pease open https://secure.nch.com.au/cgi-bin/register.exe?software=wavepad. Once you have purchased and activated your icense you wi receive a registration with your name and contact detais. Use the menu Fie -> Register Master's Edition Upgrade and enter the detais exacty as they appear in the registration. 5

Software License Terms 1. The copyrights in this software and any visua or audio work distributed with the software beong to NCH Software and others isted in the about box. A rights are reserved. Instaation of this software and any software bunded with or instaed-on-demand from this software is icensed ony in accordance with these terms. 2. By instaing, using or distributing this software you, on your own behaf and on behaf of your empoyer or principa, agree to be bound by these terms. If you do not agree to any of these terms, you may not use, copy, transmit, distribute, nor insta this software - return it to the pace of purchase within 14 days to receive a fu refund. 3. This software, and a accompanying fies, data and materias, are distributed "as is" and with no warranties of any kind, whether express or impied except as required by aw. If you intend to rey on this software for critica purposes you must test it fuy prior to using it, insta redundant systems and assume any risk. 4. We wi not be iabe for any oss arising out of the use of this software incuding, but not imited to, any specia, incidenta or consequentia oss. Your entire remedy against us for a caims is imited to receiving a fu refund for the amount you paid for the software. 5. You may not use this software in any circumstances where there is any risk that faiure of this software might resut in a physica injury or oss of ife. You agree to indemnify us from any caims reating to such unauthorized use. 6. You may copy or distribute the instaation fie of this software in its compete unatered form but you may not, under any circumstances, distribute any software registration code for any of our programs without written permission. In the event that you do distribute a software registration code, you wi be iabe to pay the fu purchase price for each ocation where the unauthorized use occurs. 7. Use of statistics coected by the software is subject to the NCH Software Privacy Statement which aows automatic anonymized coection of usage statistics in imited circumstances. 8. The contract arising out of this agreement is governed by the aws and courts of the Austraian Capita Territory. 6

Basics - Overview WavePad is a sound editor program for Windows and Mac OS X. This software ets you record and edit voice and other audio recordings. You can cut, copy and paste parts of recording and, if required, add effects ike echo, ampification and noise reduction. WavePad is designed to be very easy and intuitive to use. Within minutes you wi be abe to open or record a fie and edit it. But if you take time to expore the other features you wi find many powerfu toos designed with the professiona sound engineer in mind. WavePad Basic Edition is free, but we hope you wi consider upgrading to WavePad Master's Edition. With the Master's Edition you have a set a features designed with the professiona in mind. To view pricing or to purchase WavePad Master's Edition pease see https://secure.nch.com.au/cgi-bin/register.exe?software=wavepad. Features Supports a number of fie formats incuding wav (mutipe codecs), mp3, fac, ogg, vox, gsm, rea audio and many more. A wide range of editing capabiities incuding Cut, Copy, Paste, Deete, Insert, Sience, Auto Trim and others. Effects incuding Ampify, Normaize, Equaizer, Enveope, Reverb, Echo, Noise Reduction, Sampe Rate Conversion and more. A Frequency Spectrogram View, with frequency-based editing. Sound effect and music ibrary with 1,000 free audio cips incuded. Surround sound editor to produce surround sound audio. Supports sampe rates from 6000 to 192000Hz, stereo or mono, 8, 16, 24 or 32 bits. Abiity to work with mutipe fies at the same time. Incudes a CD ripper to oad audio direct from a CD-ROM. Payer incudes Scrub/Cue contro for precise editing. Recorder supports pause, retake, auto trim and voice activated recording. Support MDI (Mutipe Document Interface), which aows dispaying mutipe fies a on one screen. Support for MME, DirectSound and ASIO payback. Support for MME and ASIO recording. Fu support for VST pugins. System Requirements Windows XP/Vista/7/8/10 WavePad is just one component of the NCH Software suite of audio, video and business software. If you have not done so aready, pease visit www.nch.com.au to downoad many other reated programs. 7

Basics - Genera Audio Concepts This is a genera introduction to key audio concepts for those who have not worked with sound before. If you cass yoursef as an "audiophie", or if you have some other past experience earning about sound, you can skip this page. Sound The starting point for everything WavePad does is sound. Sound is vibrating air traveing very fast ike a wave. It is created by a vibrating object (e.g. our voca cords, a guitar string or a speaker) and can be detected by an ear or a microphone. A microphone converts these vibrations into aternating eectronic votage which the computer's sound card can turn into the data used by WavePad. Frequency One way to anayze sound is by ooking at the speed it vibrates as it traves through the air. The number of times this vibration happens per second is caed the "frequency" of the sound, and is measured in Hertz (Hz) or kiohertz (khz). It is quite often the case that sounds wi not consist of a singe wave vibrating at a certain frequency through the air, often they wi contain mutipe waves vibrating at different speeds and different voume eves. WavePad contains a coupe of toos that wi aow you to see this effect for yoursef, pease see Frequency Anaysis (FFT and TFFT) for further information. The human ear is said to be abe to hear sounds ranging from about 20Hz (20 vibrations per second) up to 20,000Hz (20,000 vibrations per second). In reaity, most of us ony hear to about 15,000Hz, but audio enthusiasts often caim they can hear sounds up to the 20,000Hz mark. The frequencies of a person's voice can range between 300Hz and 3000Hz. Loudness, Voume, Ampitude, Leve and Gain The terms oudness, voume, ampitude and eve mean roughy the same thing. The more voume a sound is given the more power has been used to create it and the ouder it sounds. When adjusting the voume eve of a sound (for exampe when using the Ampify Effect of WavePad), the "Gain" vaue signifies the amount of increase or decrease in the eve. This vaue can be represented in percent or in a scae caed the "decibe" or "db" scae (read on!). The human ear can hear a remarkaby broad range of sounds from very ow to very high power. The ear does not perceive differences in power in direct proportion to power but in a ogarithmic way. To more cosey match the way we hear oudness sound engineers use the decibe scae (db). To give you a fee for how this works, reducing the voume eve of a sound by 6dB means you are dropping the ampitude by 1/2 or the power by 1/4. Conversey, a 6dB increase in the eve corresponds to doubing the ampitude. A 20dB drop means 1/10 of the ampitude (or 1/100 of the power). The smaest unit of oudness change a person wi notice is around + / - 3dB. Audio Recording and Computers 8

In order to store and reproduce audio on your computer, the audio signa from the microphone is converted by your sound card into a series of numbers in quick succession. You can think of these numbers as representing the pressure on the surface of the microphone at different points over time. This process of converting audio into a series a numbers is caed "samping". Sampe Rate The sampe rate is the number of times that the ampitude is converted to a number per second. For exampe, at CD quaity recording, your computer stores 44100 numbers per second each representing the ampitude at the specific point in time. It can be shown that the maximum possibe frequency that can be carried in a samped sound is exacty haf of the sampe rate. In reaity it is a itte ess. So for exampe, a recording made with a 44100 samping rate wi carry frequencies up to 20000Hz. A quick guide to sampe rates foows: 6000 - Very ow quaity voice 8000 - Teephone quaity voice 11025 - Reasonabe quaity voice - e.g., dictation 22050 - Good quaity voice, Reasonabe quaity music - e.g., mutimedia CD. 44100 - CD Quaity. Higher sampe rates incuding 48000, 88200, 96000 and even 192000 are sometimes used but many sound engineers point out that they do not offer any rea audibe quaity improvement (aside from adding a bit more redundancy to the system). Tip: aways record and work with audio in the Sampe Rate that you wi use in the end, because every time you convert you ose a itte quaity. For exampe - if you are making a CD use 44100. If it is for teephone use 8000. Channes Stereo / Mono Mutipe "channes" of audio can be recorded at the same time. Most commony, "Stereo" recording is two channes (eft and right) with which our two ears give us a sense of audio direction and space. Recording with just one channe is referred to as "Mono" recording. Tip: If you are recording voice, be sure to record in Mono mode. If you are recording music with mutipe instruments then use Stereo mode. 8/16/24/32 bits You might have seen terms ike "8 bits" or "16 bits" when ooking at sound fies but are not sure what they mean. The number of bits, ike in the sampe rate, is an indicator of the quaity or resoution of the sound inside the fie. The more bits the better resoution. WavePad uses 32 bits internay for optima audio quaity. However 16 bits is usuay more than adequate for saving. Audio Fie Compression and Codecs One of the probems with high quaity audio is that you can end up with very arge-sized audio fies. In order to avoid this, you can use what is known as "compression" to reduce the size of your fies. The systems used to impement compression in audio fies are caed "codecs". 9

There are a number of different codecs around, incuding MPEG Layer-3/MP3, Ogg Vorbis (both good for music) and GSM (good for teephone or voice). Most codecs are designed for a specific function, usuay to store either music or voice. You can seect the compression codec to use when using the Fie -> Save As option in WavePad. You shoud note that amost a compression codecs are ossy, however - this means you ose audio quaity every time you save the fie. For this reason it is important that you do not save audio in a compressed form unti it is reay needed. For exampe, if you need to save a fie when you want to do further work on it, save it in an uncompressed form ike 44100 Hz, 16 bit PCM format Wave. Audio Fie Compression must not be confused with Audio Dynamic Range Compression. Fie Compression is a about reducing fie size whereas Dynamic Range Compression is about voume contro. For more about Dynamic Range Compression see Effects. Editing and Effects Editing means deeting or inserting audio. Effects are processes that change the audio in some way (e.g., add echo or make it softer). See the WavePad Edit and Effects menu. Each effect is fuy expained on the page Effects. 10

Basics - WavePad Basics Pay To pay from the current position press F9. Record To record (at the current position or over the seected region) press the F5 key. Moving Around the Fie To go to the beginning press the Home key or press the End key to move to the end. To rewind press and hod down the eft arrow key and to fast-forward press the right arrow key. You can aso move the position by cicking on one of the wave windows. Scrub To find accurate edit positions with your ears press F6 to activate scrub. This aows much finer movement (with the arrow keys) whie istening to the point you want to edit. Seecting Regions Before you can appy some effects or edit functions you need to seect the region to edit or appy the effect to. Press Ctr+A to seect the entire fie. To seect with the mouse cick on the wave window and drag over the part you want to seect. 11

Basics - Main Screen Reference Wave form dispay There are two wave windows in the main screen. The upper window dispays the wave form of the audio fie aways in its fu ength - it is usefu for knowing where you are in the fie, and you can cick it to quicky jump to a new area of the waveform. The ower window 12

shows the wave form of the audio based on the zoom eve. To move the ower window side to side, use the horizonta scro bar just under the ower window. Cicking and dragging the waveform wi create a seection. Menu Bar The menus contain every action avaiabe within WavePad. To hide the menu, cick the arrow button to the eft of the Hep icon, which is ocated on the right side of the toobar. Tabs The tabs organize WavePad's features onto tabs to streamine your workfow. Cick a tab to see the features and toos reated to that tab. Command Bar The Command Bar contains inks to the most-used features in WavePad. You can minimize sections you don't use often by cicking the heading, or cose the Command Bar entirey by cicking the red X in its upper right corner. To contro the Command Bar's appearance, cick the View menu and then Command Bar. Zoom Buttons -A. Zoom Out -Cick on this button to zoom out the ower window view of the waveform. -B. Zoom In -Cick on this button to zoom in. -C. Show Entire Region -Cick on this button to zoom out to dispay the entire fie ength. -D. Zoom To Seection -Cick on this button to zoom to the region you have just seected. -E. Vertica Zoom -Cick on this button to increase the ampitude of the dispay (to see softer sounds). -F. Sampe Edit Mode -Aows you to modify the individua audio sampes in the waveform using the computer's mouse. -G. Wave dispay + up / - down -This combines the eft and right channes into one waveform. -H. Wave dispay eft channe up / right channe down -Dispays the eft channe on the upper side of the center ine and the right channe on the ower side of the center ine. -I. Wave dispay dua eft and right channes -Combines the eft and right channes into one waveform. There is aso a zoom track bar sider contro between the Zoom Out and Zoom In buttons that provides infinitey variabe zoom. J. Seection Dispay -Start -This dispays the start position of the seected region. -End -This dispays the end position of the seected region. -Se Length -This dispays the ength of the seected region. -Fie Length -This dispays the ength of the entire fie. To seect a region, you can either cick on the wave window and drag to the position you want or hod down the Shift key and press the eft or right arrow buttons. 13

Basics - Undo and Redo Undo (Ctr+Z) To Undo is to restore the fie to its state before the previous edit function. This is usefu if you want to try an edit or just make a mistake. To undo your ast action press Ctr+Z. Note: You can undo up to 32 ast actions. Redo (Ctr+Y) If, after undoing, you decide that the change reay was what you wanted, then you can redo. 14

Basics - Working With Fies Create a New Audio Fie To create a new fie press Ctr+N. When creating a new fie WavePad wi prompt you to seect the sampe rate and channes. You can disabe this prompt and set the defaut rate using WavePad Options. For more information to guide you when seecting sampe rates and channes pease see Genera Audio Concepts. Open an Existing Audio Fie To open and existing fie press Ctr+O, browse to ocate the fie you want to open and cick Open. You can aso oad audio tracks from the CDs by seect Fie -> Load Audio CD Track(s). Seect a track by cick on it or hod down the Ctr key for seecting mutipe tracks. Save an Audio Fie To save the current audio fie with the current name press Ctr+S. To save the fie with a different name or in a different format use the menu Fie -> Save As (or press Ctr+Shift+S). Note: When working with audio fies, you shoud not save the fie in a compressed format unti you have finished a editing because every time you save and reoad in a compressed format you ose some quaity. Save as a PCM wav fie to preserve quaity. See Output Formats section for more information. Copy fie(s) to CD Seecting this option wi et you burn any open fies to a CD by using Express Burn CD Recorder aso made by NCH Software. Just seect "Copy fie(s) to CD" then seect the CD Type (either Data CD or Audio CD), then foow the onscreen prompts. Open from Dropbox WavePad aows you to open fies from your Dropbox account. Dropbox is coud-based storage service that ets you upoad, store, access and share your fies from anywhere. The first 2 GB are free, but additiona storage packages are avaiabe for a monthy fee. To set up this option, you need to have an existing Dropbox account. 15

Using 'Open Fie from Dropbox...' option of WavePad, you can access the 'Apps\WavePad' foder of your Dropbox account, which woud be the root foder you wi see from WavPad. Then, you can navigate through the foder and fies to seect the desired fie to open in WavePad. Save to Dropbox WavePad aows you to save the fie to your Dropbox account. User have to seect the appropriate fie type to send. The audio fie wi be upoaded to the 'Apps\WavePad' foder of your Dropbox account. Send an Audio Fie WavePad aows you to send the fie by either emai or direct internet connection. You can seect how to send a fie by using the menu Fie->Send. Emai If you seect this option, WavePad wi send the fie as an attachment to an emai. Enter the emai address of the recipient in the Emai Address box. Emai - Settings By defaut WavePad uses the MAPI system to send emai using your existing emai software (Eudora, Outook, Lotus Notes etc.). To use this you must have emai software instaed and set as the "defaut MAPI server". The advantage of this system is that your emai software manages the emai. However, there can be some probems with some emai software. If you have MAPI probems, try the aternative interna SMTP. If you seect the "Interna Simpe SMTP" option, emai is sent directy by WavePad to your server. You must enter the SMTP mai host used by your ISP for sending of mai (ca them if you do not know it). If, when using Interna Simpe SMTP, it does not work, it might be that your server requires an authenticated ogin (a username and password) to send emai. If so, append :username:password to the SMTP server (i.e. smtp.yourserver.com:username:password). Direct Internet Connection WavePad can send fies directy to an internet server. This is faster than the emai option but requires that your recipient have access to a web hosting (FTP) service to store the fies. Seect the Direct Internet Connection option and enter the Server, User Name, Password and Directory as setup for your FTP server for your recipient. 16

Basics - Recording Recording To start recording, press the F5 key, or the Record button. The recording wi be made straight into your currenty open fie, at the position of your cursor. If you have some audio aready seected then this wi be repaced by your new recording. If you don't have a fie open then recording wi start in a new fie. To adjust recording settings, go to Options > Recording, where you can choose your recording device, adjust recording voume, and turn voice activation and automatic trimming on or off. The recording sampe rate wi automaticay match the sampe rate of the current fie, uness the recording device doesn't support this sampe rate, in which case you wi be asked whether to continue the recording at a sampe rate that the device does support. The number of channes in a recording (one for Mono, two for Stereo) wi aso automaticay match the current fie. Note that when you record in stereo from a device that ony supports mono (such as most microphones), then the eft and right channes wi be identica copies of the mono recording. When you start recording, the 'Scrub' button wi turn into a 'Pause' button, and the 'Go to start' button wi turn into a 'Retake' button. Press the 'Pause' button to pause recording. You can then resume recording by pressing it or the record button again. Press the 'Retake' button to discard your current recording and start again. 17

Basics - The Frequency Spectrogram View The frequency spectrogram view aows you to view the mix of sound frequencies in an audio fie. When enabed it appears beneath the waveform. Its horizonta axis represents time, just as the waveform does, but its vertica axis represents sound frequency, with ow frequencies at the bottom and high frequencies at the top. The magnitude of a given frequency at a given time is represented by the brightness at that point: White is very oud, back is sient. The spectrogram view aows you to: Visuaise the frequencies in your audio, Quicky navigate to a point of interest, Anayse the frequency content and quaity of a recording, and Seect a range of frequencies over a span of time, which you can: Payback to hear what you have seected, Cut, copy, paste or deete, Appy effects to, or Use to isoate a particuar sound within a mixture of sounds. The spectrogram view can be enabed through the View menu, or by using the buttons at the bottom eft of a fie window. There are two frequency spectrogram buttons: The first enabes the spectrogram view with a inear scae, the second with a ogarithmic scae. To hide the view cick on the button again. When first enabed, the spectrogram view may appear bank, but wi start fiing out from eft to right. This is because it takes time to perform the Fourier Transform on the audio data to generate the view. See Aso The Frequency Anaysis Toos, such as the FFT and TFFT windows. The Frequency Spectrogram view is cosey reated to the TFFT view. Paste Mix, for pasting an isoated sound into a mix. Movement and Seection Cut, Copy, and Paste Effects 18

Basics - Bookmarks and Regions Bookmarks Bookmarks are positions within fies that you might frequenty want to return to. For exampe you can use a bookmark to store the ocation of a interesting part in a recorded interview. To add a bookmark push Ctr+B and enter the name of the position. When you want to return to the bookmark push Ctr+Shift+B to open the bookmark ist, seect it from the ist and seect Go to Bookmark in the right cick menu. To seect from one bookmark to another bookmark, seect that bookmark from the ist then choose Seect to Bookmark... in the right cick menu. Bookmarks (unike Regions) are inked to an actua fie. So they persist even after you cose WavePad or the Project. You shoud deete bookmarks when they are not needed (using the Ctr+Shift+B ist). Regions Regions store a seected part of the recording. (A bit ike the copy cipboard but you can have many). To add a region seect it, cick Ctr+R and give it a name. Then at any point open the regions ist (Ctr+Shift+R) and use the right cick menu to pay, seect, rename, deete, copy to new, save the region or assembe the regions (see beow). You can aso export the seected region(s) into one foder by seecting "Export Region(s) to foder" Regions can be extremey usefu when working with a ong recording ike an interview that needs to be rearranged. As you find each interesting grab, seect it and make it a region. When done, use the assembe too to put a the regions together. Regions are not persistent. If you cose WavePad and you want to keep your region, you must save a WavePad project (see Working with WavePad Projects). Copy Region(s) to CD This option in Windows XP wi et you burn the seected regions to a CD. Access this feature by seecting Bookmark menu -> Open Region List, then right cick on a Region and seect "Copy Region(s) to CD..." from the menu that appears. If you wish to make an audio CD, make certain you have deeted any od audio tracks from Windows Media Payer before you burn the new fies. Note: This option wi ony work with Windows XP. In any other version of Windows it wi save the fies to a oca foder, and you woud need to use externa CD burning software to burn the seected regions. Export Region(s) to Foder 19

This option aows you to save the seected regions as separate fies in a foder and format of your choosing. Access this feature by seecting Bookmark menu -> Open Region List;, then right cicking on one or more regions and seecting "Export Region(s) to Foder" from the menu that appears. You wi be presented with a choice of which foder to export to, and which output format and format settings to use in the exported fies. Assembe Regions Too This too ets you quicky edit a series of regions together. This is particuary usefu when editing interviews. After you have added a the grabs of interest as regions open the Assembe Regions too (Bookmark -> Assembe Regions). Add the named regions in the order you want. And cick OK. By defaut WavePad inserts 300ms sience between each region. This can be changed by cicking on Options on the Assembe too window. 20

Basics - WavePad Projects A WavePad Project is a the open fies and the regions ist stored in perfect 32bit quaity audio. It is designed for when you are working on a arge job and need to save everything without any quaity oss to resume work ater. (It shoud not be used for ong term storage of audio). 21

Basics - Shortcut Keys Reference Fie Operations Create new fie Ctr+N Open fie Ctr+O Save fie Ctr+S Save fie as Ctr+Shift+S Cose fie Ctr+W Dupicate fie Ctr+D Pay Operations Record F5 Pay F9 Pay/Pause Space bar Pay Sow Speed F11 Pay Norma Speed F10 Pay Fast Speed F12 Pay Repeat Shift+F9 Scrub F6 Stop Esc Rewind Left Fast Forward Right Move and Seect Operations Note: hod down the shift key to seect whie moving the cursor. Go to Start Home Go to End End Page Forward Page Down Page Back Page Up Next Cutpoint Ctr+Right Previous Cutpoint Ctr+Left Inch Forward Ctr+At+Right Inch Back Ctr+At+Left Fine Forward At+Right Fine Back At+Right Seect A Ctr+A Seect None Ctr+At+A Seect Specified Time Ctr+G Find and Seect Peak SampeCtr+Shift+P 22

Edit Operations Undo Ctr+Z Redo Ctr+Y Cut Ctr+X Copy (or, Copy Cyce) Ctr+C Copy to System Cipboard Ctr+Shift+C Paste Ctr+V Paste Cyce Shift+V Paste from System Cipboard Ctr+Shift+V Paste Mix Ctr+At+V Deete Deete Spit Ctr+Shift+D Batch Join Ctr+J Dupicate Ctr+D Copy to New Ctr+Shift+N Repeat Loop Ctr+* Sience Ctr+0 Edit Sampe Ctr+I Trim Ctr+T Trim Start Ctr+M Trim End Ctr+E Zoom Operations Zoom In Ctr++ Zoom Out Ctr+- Zoom Fu Ctr+Shift+F Zoom To Seection Ctr+Shift+Z Vertica Zoom In Ctr+At++ Vertica Zoom Out Ctr+At+- Vertica Zoom Defaut Ctr+At+Shift+F Bookmarks and Regions Add Bookmark Ctr+B Open Bookmark List Ctr+Shift+B Add Region Ctr+R Open Region List Ctr+Shift+R Hep Hep Contents F1 23

Editing - Convert Sampe Rate and Channes Convert Sampe Rate and Convert Channes WavePad can convert a fie's sampe rate or number of channes. This change appies to the whoe fie (you cannot change just parts of the fie). To convert the sampe rate of the current fie use the menu Edit -> Convert Sampe Rate and seect the new sampe rate. The sampe rate must be between 6000 and 192000 sampes per second. Typica sampe rates are dispayed in the pu down ist. To convert the channes of the current fie (stereo to mono or vice versa) seect Edit -> Convert Channes. A typica reason for converting the sampe rate down is when you know it is going to be used on the teephone (8000 mono) or if you are about to compress the fie for internet transmission (e.g., GSM takes 11025 or 8000 mono). For a broad expanation about sampe rates see Genera Audio Concepts. 24

Editing - Movement and Seection Seect A (Ctr+A). To seect the whoe fie press Ctr+A. Seect To Start (Shift+Home). To seect from the beginning position to the current position, press Shift+Home. Seect To End (Shift+End). To seect from the current position to the end, press Shift+End. Seect Specified Time (Ctr+G). Use this option if you want to seect a particuar position or, to seect the exact start and end position. Just press Ctr+G, enter the cursor position and cick OK to go to that position. Or enter start and end position and cick OK. You can aso preview the seection by cicking the Preview button. Mark First Position / Mark Second Position / Reca Mark Seection These Edit menu options can be used to mark and then reca any segment of the current fie. Use Mark First Position to mark the beginning of the seection, and Mark Second Position to mark the end of the seection. The seected region between the first and second marked positions on the audio fie can then be returned to ater through use of the Reca Mark Seection option. Seecting Frequency Ranges A norma seection seects audio from a frequencies. If you want to seect a imited range of frequencies then you can make a seection in the frequency spectrogram view, and you can then payback, cut, copy, paste, and appy effects to that seection. 25

Editing - Cut, Copy, and Paste Cut (Ctr+X) To 'cut' is to deete the seected region but to keep a copy on the cipboard so it can be 'pasted' somewhere ese. This is usefu when moving parts of the audio around in the fie. To cut seect the region and then press Ctr+X. Copy (Ctr+C) To 'copy' is to make a copy of the seected region to the cipboard so you can paste it in another ocation. This is usefu if you want to dupicate a part of the audio and insert (or mix it) in another fie. To copy seect the region and then press Ctr+C. To copy the entire fie press Ctr+A-C. Paste (Ctr+V) Paste can ony be used after you have used the Cut or Copy functions (above) to take a seected region to the cipboard. The paste function repaces the current seected region (or inserts if there is no seection). To repace a seection press Ctr+V. To insert cick on the position and press Ctr+V. Paste Cyce (Shift+V) Wavepad stores 10 current regions from the 'cut'/'copy' command into its memory. These regions can be pasted using 'Paste Cyce' one after another to a seected region by using the command repeatedy. The region which was seected just before the region which is avaiabe in the norma 'Paste' command wi start the 'Paste Cyce'. Repeatedy using the command, the 'Paste Cyce' wi activate the previousy seected region in time. After pasting the region from the paste cyce, this region wi become active in the norma 'Paste' command. System Cipboard You can aso Copy to System Cipboard (Ctr+Shift+C) and Paste from System Cipboard (Ctr+Shift+V). The System Cipboard can be used to copy and paste audio to and from other appications. See Aso Copy to New Paste Mix Movement and Seection 26

Editing - Paste Mix Paste Mix This function takes the audio you have previous copied or cut and mixes it with the current seected region. After you have cut or copied the audio you want to mix seect the new region and used Edit -> Paste Mix from the menu (or use Ctr+At+V). You can specify the voume of the mix (that is the voume of the cipboard audio). Amost aways the ength of the seected regions wi be different. If the mix seection (in the cipboard) is shorter than the current seection then the mixed audio wi just end when it ends. If the mix cipboard is onger than the current seection then one of the foow can be seected. "Increase seection" means that the mix just continues past the end unti the mix fie ends. "Insert Sience" means at the end of the current seection, the mix wi be inserted unti it ends. The fade out mix means that as the end of the current seection is approach the mix fades out - this is usefu for background music beds and sfx. A typica exampe of Paste Mix is where you want to mix a music bed behind a voice over. To do this copy the music track from one fie, open the voice fie seect the voice (say with Ctr+A) then seect Edit -> Paste Mix and fade out mix. If the fie you are pasting into is stereo you can seect the stereo position of the fie to be pasted. For exampe if you are paste-mixing a sound effect you can pace that sound towards the eft by siding the pan fader eft. Audio can aso be pasted from the System Cipboard (Ctr+At+Shift+V). The System Cipboard can be used to copy and paste audio to and from other appications. See aso Mix With Fie, and Cut, Copy, and Paste. 27

Editing - Deete Deete (Deete) To deete the seected region press Deete. This is simiar to the cut function but a copy is not taken to the cipboard. 28

Editing - Spit Spit Fie At Cursor Use this option if you want to quicky spit the current fie into two sma tracks. To do this, cick on the position where you want to spit and seect Edit->Spit into two at this point. Note that each of your new fies shares the undo history of the origina fie, so the spit can be undone in any of the resutant spit fies. Spit Fie At Siences Use this option if you want WavePad to auto spit the fie by detecting sience beow a specified threshod eve for a specified duration. You can specify the threshod beow which is considered sience (defaut -36dB) and the minimum duration which wi be considered sience (defaut: 0ms). Spit Fie At Bookmarks This wi spit the fie at each bookmark, creating a new fie for each region between the bookmarks. Spit Fie into its Components Channes This wi create one new mono fie for each channe in the current fie. For exampe, when used on a stereo fie, this wi resut in two mono fies, one for the origina eft channe, and one for the origina right channe. To join the channes again, see Join Mono Fies to Make Stereo. See aso Convert Sampe Rate and Channes and Genera Audio Concepts. Spit Fie into Equa Duration This wi spit the fie into specified pieces with equa duration. Spit Fie into Intervas This wi spit the fie into specified intervas. 29

Editing - Batch Join Batch Join (Ctr+J) Use this option to join severa audio fies, regions or severa copies of the same fie. Batch Join can be used to join both fies open in WavePad and outside fies. The order of the joining fies can be handed through drag and drop. In the joining process the maximum channe count and the sampe rate are taken from the seected fies. For exampe, if we join one mono and one stereo fie, the merged fie wi be a stereo fie. If we join two fies with sampe rate 44100 and 64000, then the merged fie wi have the sampe rate of 64000. After the join process the merged fie is opened in WavePad. 30

Editing - Join Mono Fies to Make Stereo Join Mono Fies to Make Stereo To join two mono fies into a stereo fie, seect the fie you wish to use as the eft channe, then on the 'Edit' tab choose 'Join', 'Join as eft channe to', and choose the fie you wish to use as the right channe. A new stereo fie wi be created. Note that you can join a mono fie to itsef to make a stereo fie with identica eft and right channes, but it's easier just to convert the fie from mono stereo. To spit a stereo fie into two mono tracks see Spit Fie into its Component Channes. 31

Editing - Dupicate Dupicate (Ctr+D) Dupicate wi create a new fie window identica to the current open fie, except that a suffix wi be appended to the new fiename to distinguish it from the od fiename. The dupicated fie wi have the same undo history, bookmarks, cursor position, and seection. This is usefu if you want to make changes to a fie, but sti be abe to quicky refer back to the origina fie. 32

Editing - Copy to New Copy To New To create a new fie with a seected part of the current fie, seect the region and use the menu Edit -> Copy To New. Aternativey, you can hod down the contro key and drag the seected area with the mouse to a bank area of the WavePad workspace. 33

Editing - Mix With Fie Mix With Fie This is the same as Paste Mix except that you specify a fie to mix instead of having to copy the audio to the cipboard first. 34

Editing - Repeat Loop Repeat Loop This function repeats the seection a number of times (usefu for extending the ength of music beds). Seect the region you want to repeat and use the menu Edit -> Repeat Loop then enter the number of times to oop. 35

Editing - Sience Sience Seected Region This function siences the seected region. This function can be usefu to remove breaths or cicks from a voice recording without changing the timing of the words. Insert Sience The menu item Edit -> Insert Sience is used to insert sience of a specified duration at or over the seected ocation. See aso Auto Trim Sience from Start and End and Trim Siences. 36

Editing - Trim Trim (Ctr+T) To 'trim' is to cut off the beginning and the end of the fie so ony the seected region remains. This is usefu when you have just recorded a fie but there is sience or noise before the start or after the end. Seect the part of the fie you want to keep and then press Ctr+T. Trim Start (Ctr+M) To deete everything before the current position seect Edit -> Trim -> Trim Start. Trim End (Ctr+E) To deete everything after the current position seect Edit -> Trim -> Trim End. Auto Trim Sience from Start and End Auto Trim removes the sience at the beginning and the end of the seected region without you needing to find the exact position where recording starts. Auto Trim works by scanning the region for the peak eve then removing the start and end that is beow the Auto Trim Threshod Leve beow the peak. The Auto Trim Threshod Leve can be adjusted through the Toos -> Options -> Audio Processing tab. The defaut is -20 db. Increase this to -15 in noisy environments. Decrease to -24 in a studio. This feature wi not be usefu in an environment with high background noise, as WavePad wi be unabe to differentiate between the background sounds and your voice. Auto Trim appies to the seected region. Often you might want to Seect A (Ctr+A) first before using Auto Trim. Trim Siences The Trim Siences function can be used to remove or shorten sient regions. It is simiar to Auto Trim, but provides more advanced functionaity. It works by scanning the seected region for the peak eve, then searching for regions that are the Auto Trim Threshod eve beow that peak. These 'siences' can then be removed, or shortened. -Sience Threshod: -This is the eve beow the peak that wi be considered sience. The defaut is -20dB. Increase this to -15 in noisy environments, or decrease it to -24 in a studio. -Remove ony eading and traiing sience: -Check this if you ony want to remove eading and traiing sience. This wi make Trim Siences behave ike AutoTrim, but it wi do a more thorough, abeit sower, anaysis. -Minimum Sience Length: 37

-This is the time, in seconds, that a region must be beow the Sience Threshod before it wi be considered truy sient. The minimum is set to 25ms, which is haf the waveength of a sound at 20Hz, the owest audibe sound. If we were to remove siences shorter than this then we woud start to risk osing non-sient audio in a ow point of its wave. The defaut is 200ms. Note that this minimum does not appy to siences at the start and end of the fie. These wi be identified as sience regardess of ength. -New Sience Length: -In some cases you may want to repace ong periods of sience with shorter periods. Choose a fixed ength to reduce these onger periods to. Audio wi be removed from the midde of the origina period, to avoid cipping the ends of the audio surrounding the sience. Set this to 0 to competey remove siences. Note that sient regions wi not be extended to meet this ength, ony reduced to it. See aso 'Add Mutipe of Origina Sience' beow. -Add Mutipe of Origina Sience: -This is a mutipe of the origina sience, to be added to the New Sience Length (see above). This aows you to set the new sience time based on the origina sience time. Set this to 0 to competey remove siences, assuming that 'New Sience Length' is aso set to 0. 38

Editing - Edit Sampes Sampe Editing Mode Sampe edit mode aows you to modify individua audio sampes using your computer's mouse. It is usefu for manuay editing out cicks and pops from noisy recordings. To edit a sampe, zoom in on the audio waveform unti the individua sampes become visibe (they wi appear as vertica ines). Cick on Sampe Editing Mode from the menu or seect the pen icon from just beow the waveform and edit the ampitude of a sampe by hoding down the eft mouse button and adjusting it's height. 39

Editing - Save Seected Region As Save Seected Region As This function saves the seected region. This function can be usefu to quicky save out the part that you have just edited. 40

Editing - Insert Fie Insert Fie The menu item Edit -> Insert Fie is used to insert a specific audio fie at or over the seection ocation. 41

Editing - Lossess MP3 Editing Lossess MP3 Editing The MP3 format is inherenty ossy: every time a fie is encoded to MP3 some of its audio information is ost. The format is designed to minimize how audibe this oss is, but if a fie is repeatedy encoded and decoded then the cumuative oss can become audibe. To work around this probem, WavePad can operate in 'Lossess MP3 Editing' mode, in which you can edit an MP3 fie and then save it without re-encoding it. Usage Togge Lossess MP3 Editing mode by cicking on the Lossess MP3 Editing button in the Home tab, or in the menu at Toos > Lossess MP3 Editing Mode. You can then perform editing operations as usua, but bear in mind the imitations isted beow. Seection Granuarity A editing in Lossess MP3 Mode must be made in chunks of 1152 sampes, or about 26ms at a typica sampe rate of 44100. This is due to the nature of the MP3 format, in which MP3 frames aways decode to this fixed number of sampes. To make this easier, seections in Lossess MP3 Mode snap to 1152-sampe boundaries. If you zoom in cose enough then these boundaries become visibe as dashed orange ines. Saving To save an MP3 ossessy, simpy save the fie to MP3 whie in Lossess MP3 Mode. Any sections of unmodified audio wi be saved without re-encoding it, but modified sections of audio wi sti go through the usua ossy encoding process. Audio which is cut-and-pasted can sti be saved ossessy, except for a few of the frames on the boundary of a cut-and-paste, which may be re-encoded. Encoder Deay and Padding Some MP3 fies start and end with frames which are shorter than 1152 sampes. They achieve this by removing some audio from the start and end of the fie. The audio removed from the start is caed 'Encoder Deay', and the audio removed from the end is caed 'Encoder Padding'. To aow for consistent ossess editing, when you enter Lossess MP3 Mode these removed sampes are added back on to the start and end of the fie. They wi be removed again when you exit Lossess MP3 Mode. 42

Effects - Effects and Audio Processes Effects and Audio Processes WavePad comes with many effects and audio processes. Most are appied in a simiar way, by seecting where they shoud be appied, choosing settings, previewing, and then appying. Seected Region Most effects appy ony to the seected region. To mark the seected region you can either cick and hod down on the wave window and drag the mouse or press and hod down the shift key whie moving in the fie. To seect the entire fie press Ctr+A. If you do not have any region seected when accessing an effect, the entire waveform wi be seected as defaut. Presets Some effects come with a series of options known as "Presets". The idea behind presets is to save you having to fidde around with the numbers, which is great if the numbers don't mean a ot to you. Instead, you can just browse the preset ist and seect the option which best describes the effect you are trying to achieve. Previewing The resut of appying certain effects can be previewed using the pay button in the Effect diaog. If you modify the effect parameters whie previewing the fie, you shoud hear the changes taking pace. For this to work propery, we recommend using either ASIO or DirectSound as your sound payback system. Batch Converter If you have a arge number of fies that you want to process in the same way use the Batch Converter Too (Toos -> Batch Converter). You specify the ist of fies, the ist of effects to be appied and WavePad wi do them a in one 'batch'. For more information on doing this, pease see the topic Batch Converter. See Aso Genera Audio Concepts (Sampes, Channes etc..) Movement and Seection Recording Noise Reduction 43

Effects - Effect Chain Effect Chain The Effect Chain Diaog aows you to appy mutipe effects at once. You can aso use it to easiy appy the same set of effects to mutipe fies. Effect chains can be saved and oaded, or you can choose from a seection of predefined effect chains to get you started. Adding Effects to the Effect Chain The ist of avaiabe effects appears in the coumn on the eft. Doube-cick on an effect to add it to the end of the 'Appied Effects' coumn, which is your effect chain. Cick on an effect in your effect chain to see and adjust its settings. Cick and drag appied effects up or down to reorder them. Previewing your Effect Chain To hear how a fie wi sound with your effect chain appied, cick on the 'Pay With Effects...' button, and choose the name of the fie to pay. Appying the Effect Chain to a Fie To appy your effect chain to an open fie, cick on the 'Appy Effects...' button, and choose the fie to appy it to. Remember that you can sti undo this change ater. After you have appied the effect chain to one fie, you can sti appy it to another. This is an easy way to appy the same set of effects to mutipe fies. If you need to process a ot of fies then you coud aso try the Batch Converter Saving and Loading Effect Chains If you want to reuse your effect chain some other time, then cick on the 'Save Effect Chain' button. The effect chain wi be saved to a.ecf fie which you can ater oad with the 'Load Effect Chain' button. Loading an effect chain wi append it to the end of your current effect chain, so you can combine more than one effect chain. If this isn't what you want then first remove a the effects from your chain by seecting them and cicking the 'Remove Effect' button. Effect Chain Presets At the bottom of the 'Appied Effects' coumn you may notice the '<Add Preset>' menu. From this you can insert pre-configured effect chains into your effect chain. Note that these wi be added to the end of your current effect chain, rather than repacing it. 44

Effects - DirectX Effects DirectX Effects This feature aows you to use DirectX pugins to appy effects to the audio you are working with in WavePad. To use this feature, seect Effects menu -> DirectX pugins, and in the window that appears you shoud see a ist of DirectX pugins detected on your computer. Pick the effect you want to use, and cick the "Settings" button if you want to change the configuration settings around. Next, cick the "OK" button to appy the DirectX effect to your audio. 45

Effects - VST Pugins VST Pugins This feature aows you to use Virtua Studio Technoogy DLL pugins to appy effects to the audio you are working with in WavePad. To use this feature, seect Effects menu -> VST Pugins, and in the window that appears, you can browse for the directory on your computer that contains VST pugins - note that the pugins must be DLL fies! Once you have specified a directory name, you shoud see a ist of VST pugin names appear in a ist in the window. Press the "Refresh" button, if you don't see your desired pugin in the ist, but it is in the seected foder. Next, cick the "OK" button to see the seected VST pugin effect window. VST Pugin Effect In the VST pugin effect window, you can change the parameters provided by the pugin. You can hear the preview of the audio whie adjusting the parameters. Check "Bypass VST" if you want to hear the preview without the pugin effects. You can aso seect the desired preset from the pu-down ist provided by the VST. Otherwise, you can save your parameter settings in a fie (.fxp or.fxb format) and ater you can oad the settings from the fie. This wi enabe you to change the VST parameters without manuay handing them each time. Press the "Appy Effect" button to appy the effect to the seected audio. Aso pease visit http://www.kvraudio.com, which is a comprehensive information resource for a types of pugins, incuding VST and DirectX pugins. To see a ist of recommended free VST pugins for WavePad, visit http://www.nch.com.au/wavepad/free-vst-pugins.htm. 46