Second Edition Michael Clay Thompson art by Milton N. Kemnitz Student Manual Royal Fireworks Press 1
Royal Fireworks Language Arts by Michael Clay Thompson Copyright @ 2010, Royal Fireworks Publishing Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved - All Copying Prohibited Pretest pages 165 and 167 in the teacher resource section may be copied. Royal Fireworks Publishing Company First Avenue, PO Box 399 Unionville, NY 10988 845 726-4444 FAX 845 726-3824 Email: mail@rfwp.com Website: rfwp.com Support Group: rfwpsupport.com ISBN: 978-0-88092-575-2 Student Manual 978-0-88092-576-0 Teacher Manual Printed in the United States of America on acid-free recycled paper using vegetable-based inks by the Royal Fireworks Printing Company of Unionville, New York. November 2010 2
Table of Contents Introduction...Pages 4-11 Part One: The Parts of Speech... Page 12 Part Two: The Parts of the Sentence... Page 95 Part Three: Phrases...Page 127 Part Four: Clauses...Page 136 Teacher Resource Section...Page 161 3
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There is a place called, made of words and dreams. There are fish and birds, and waves and wind, and beaches where kids can play. On you find wonderful things, such as birds and language. 5
On you learn that thinking about language is fun! Language is talking and writing. It is how we make our ideas out of words! 6
It is important to be good at language because we use language for almost everything, even to say, Let us go for a swim! So the better you are at language, the better you are at MANY THINGS! 7
When we talk or write, that is language. When we think in words, like the word splash, that is language. 8
When we think about language, that is called GRAMMAR. On, we think about language in FOUR great ways. 9
The four ways of thinking about language are called 1. parts of speech adj noun pron prep interj adv conj verb 2. parts of the sentence 3. phrases on the old pier 4. clauses 10
We will learn more about these soon, but here is a sneak preview: 1. parts of speech: the eight kinds of words 2. parts of the sentence: the parts of ideas 3. phrases: little groups of words 4. clauses: subject/predicate ideas 11
noun verb pron adj adv interj prep conj Part One The Parts of Speech (the eight kinds of words!) 12
Grammar lets us think about our words. adj noun verb pron adv prep interj conj There are many words. bug, blue, wave, smell, flower, yellow, beach, ocean, cloud fish, ran, splash, duck, island, wow, boat, tide 13
But how many different kinds of words do you think there are for all the things on? A zillion? 14
adj noun pron adv verb interj prep conj Guess what? There are only eight kinds of words! Only eight! 15
adj noun pron adv verb interj prep conj The eight kinds of words are called the Parts of Speech. Our language is made of only eight kinds of parts! 16
Parts of Speech Here are the names of the eight kinds of words: noun verb adj pron adv interj prep conj noun, pronoun, adjective, verb, adverb preposition, conjunction, interjection 17
adj noun verb pron adv prep interj conj It is surprising that in a huge language, there are only eight kinds of words! There are two main kinds of words, the noun and the verb, and six others. 18
noun verb pron adj adv interj prep conj And since there are only eight kinds of words, it is EASY to learn what they are! 19
adj noun verb pron adv prep interj conj 1. Nouns are words that name things, like boat, fish, bird, island, and wind. Nouns can even be names of people, like Jim Hawkins. Mark, Rachel, dragonfly, puppy, smile, wind, wave, sunshine, mom, tree, lizard, harbor, freedom, frog, noun 20
Part Four Clauses 136
Do you remember that every sentence has TWO parts, the subject and the predicate? Each group of words with a subject and predicate in it is called a CLAUSE. 137
The rain came quickly. is a clause, because it has a subject, the noun rain, and a predicate, the verb came. The adjective the and the adverb quickly are also part of this clause. They go with their subject and predicate. 138
Sometimes we connect one subject and predicate to ANOTHER subject and predicate to make a big double sentence! The rain came quickly, and the island grew green. And each group of words with a subject and predicate in it is a CLAUSE. 139
The rain came quickly is a clause, and the island grew green is a clause. Each clause has its OWN subject and predicate! 140
If we take this CLAUSE: Ducks quack and add it to this CLAUSE: cats mew We get ONE sentence with TWO clauses: Ducks quack, and cats mew. It is like two sentences in one! 141
When we put two clauses together to make a double sentence, this is called a COMPOUND sentence. If it has only one clause, it is called a SIMPLE sentence. 142
SIMPLE sentence: One clause. Fifi barked at the sailboat. COMPOUND sentence: Two clauses. Ducks quacked loudly, and Gato mewed. 143
Here is something important: When you write a compound sentence, like Larry ran, and Curly fell. You have to put a COMMA before the conjunction. A comma is a little mark, like this, that separates the two clauses. The comma goes after the first clause, then a space, and then the conjunction. 144
BUT... if it is not a compound sentence, but only a compound part of speech, like Romeo likes birds and bugs. which is only a compound noun, then you do not put a comma before the conjunction. 145
So, one time this clause collector went down to the beach, looking for a compound sentence. Who s got the compound? he asked, and looked closely at all the sentences. I don t have a compound, said one sentence, and giggled. I m a simple sentence, said another, and drew in the sand. Compounds double me up, said another, and everyone laughed. Finally, the clause collector looked at the last sentence, who had been very quiet. Are you a compound sentence? asked the clause collector. I won t tell, and you can t make me! said the sentence, and the clause collector said, Aha! It s you! 146
Now, we know FOUR ways to look at ideas! In the examples that follow, the four different ways to look at ideas are separated, with each one on its own line! Ducks eat bugs, but piglets squeal in mud. Parts of Speech n. v. n. conj. n. v. prep. n. Parts of Sentence subj. AVP D.O. subj. AVP Phrases prep. phrase Clauses ------------clause----------- ---------------------clause------------ (This is a compound sentence.) 147