AP European History Mr. Mercado (Rev. 09) Chapter 27 The Great Break: War and Revolution Name A. True or False Where the statement is true, mark T. Where it is false, mark F, and correct it in the space immediately below. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Otto von Bismarck declared that a unified, peaceful Germany had no further territorial ambitions. The most unsettled and potentially explosive area of Europe prior to World War I was the Balkans. The Triple Entente consisted of Russia, France, and Great Britain. At the outset of World War I, Italy honored its treaty obligations with Germany and Austria. The First World War was ended by the Treaty of Versailles. The number killed and wounded in World War I was 45 million. The United States senate ratified the Versailles Treaty but President Woodrow Wilson vetoed it. In effect, Austria received a blank check from Germany to pursue a war against Serbia. 9. Total war relied largely on volunteer efforts from citizens of each country. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Great Britain relied on total war to a larger extent than did Germany. The bottom third of the population of countries at war generally lived better than they ever had. Russia was less effective in its mobilization for total war than the other warring nations. Lenin was a great supporter of revisionist socialist theory. Britain, Germany, and Austria granted women the right to vote immediately after the end of World War I. The March Revolution in Russia was inspired initially by women calling for bread in Petrograd.
McKay Ch. 27 Homework Packet Page 2 B. Multiple Choice Select the best answer and write the proper letter in the space provided. 1. The Bismarckian system of alliances was meant to a. expand Germany s borders. b. help German allies expand their borders. c. restrain Russia and Austria-Hungary and isolate France. d. encourage relations with France 2. Which of the following was NOT true of Europe as war was declared in 1914? a. Most people felt war would clear the air. b. Most enthusiastically supported entry into the war. c. Most felt war would be an aberration from which they would quickly recover. d. Most expected a long war. 3. Which of the following strained German-British relations before the First World War? a. The Greek Revolution b. A German-French entente c. The German naval buildup d. British occupation of Belgium 4. Anglo-German relations after 1890 were characterized by a. a naval arms race. b. growing hostility despite a common belief that the two were natural allies. c. Both A and B. d. Neither A nor B. 5. Which of the following is usually considered a cause of the First World War? a. British appeasement of the Germans b. Nationalism c. German deliberately starting the Third Balkan War d. German control over the international alliance system 6. Which of the following was a consequence of the First World War? a. The weakening of socialism b. The exclusion of labor leaders and socialists from government c. The right to vote for women d. A widening of the gap between rich and poor 7. Which of the following was a central idea of Lenin? a. Revolution cannot occur in a backward country. b. Revolution is determined by an elite leadership. c. A broad-based democratic workers party is necessary. d. The war against Germany must continue. 8. The end of the war in 1918 brought revolution to which of the following countries? a. France and Britain b. Germany and Italy c. Germany and Austria-Hungary d. France and Italy
McKay Ch. 27 Homework Packet Page 3 9. Which of the following was a provision of the peace conference at Versailles that took effect after the war? a. The division of Germany into an East and West Germany b. A defensive alliance in favor of France signed by the United States and Britain c. The re-establishment of Russian borders d. The establishment of the principle of German reparations payments 10. Scholars agree that the peace treaty that ended World War I a. failed, setting the stage for another war. b. successfully ended colonialism. c. revived Germany. d. prevented revolution in Russia. 11. The young Emperor William II of Germany made the fateful decision to reverse Bismarck s foreign policy by refusing to renew the treaty between Germany and a. Austria. b. Britain. c. France. d. Russia. 12. As a result of the Moroccan crisis, European powers viewed which of the following countries as a threat to peace and stability? a. France b. Germany c. Britain d. Japan 13. The countries with the most at stake in the Balkans and who were most fearful of nationalism were a. Germany and Austria. b. France and Turkey. c. Turkey and Austria. d. Russia and Germany. 14. Beginning in 1916, European countries experienced a. civil strife, and even revolution. b. improved morale as soldiers felt the end of the war was drawing near. c. increased democracy, as the people held leaders accountable for the bloodshed. d. a severe repression of Marxist and socialist groups. 15. The chief feature of the war on the western front was a. inconclusive battles fought in ceaseless trench warfare. b. the invasion of Germany by French and British troops. c. a series of German victories at the German-French border. d. a propaganda war with little actual fighting. 16. The major impact of World War I on economic thought was the a. promotion of government planning and involvement in the economy. b. strengthening of capitalism based on laissez-faire principles. c. reaffirmation of imperialism. d. proof that civilian populations were unimportant to the war economy.
McKay Ch. 27 Homework Packet Page 4 17. For women in European society, the First World War brought about a. overall economic and political improvement. b. some economic gains but no political gains. c. a setback in the struggle for women s rights. d. a deterioration of their economic position. 18. Petrograd Soviet s Army Order No. 1 resulted in a. a renewed and effective war effort. b. a complete breakdown of army discipline. c. increased authority of the Russian military elite. d. large numbers of new recruits. 19. Lenin s appeal to the people of Russia centered on a. ending the war and giving land to the peasants and power to the soviets. b. giving all power to the Duma. c. victory over Germany through renewed war effort. d. support of the Kornilov plot against Kerensky. 20. As a result of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, Russia a. acquired considerable territory. b. re-entered the war on the German side. c. agreed to spread the revolution to western Europe. d. lost one-third of its population. 21. Which of the following was NOT included in the Treaty of Versailles? a. A clause that placed blame for the war on Germany and its allies b. German colonies taken away c. German territory given to Poland d. Germany allowed to keep Alsace-Lorraine but forced to give up the city of Danzig 22. The most anti-german of the major powers represented at the Versailles treaty conference in 1919 was a. Clemenceau of France. b. Lloyd George of Britain. c. Wilson of the United States. d. Orlando of Italy. 23. By 1918, Germany a. had witnessed moderates in the Reichstag pass a peace resolution. b. began to realize the war was lost. c. Both A and B. d. Neither A nor B. 24. This leader of the German left scorned moderate socialism and stressed the revolutionary character of Marxism. a. Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg b. Tsarina Alexandra c. Rosa Luxemburg d. Paul von Hindenburg.
McKay Ch. 27 Homework Packet Page 5 25. The Balfour Declaration a. supported, in principle, the creation of a Jewish homeland in the Middle East. b. proposed a defensive alliance against Germany that included the U.S., Britain and France. c. proposed limiting the size of navies in order to prevent a future war. d. forced Wilhelm II to abdicate his throne and to replace the German government with a democracy. C. Identification Supply the correct identification for each numbered description. 1. Germany violated this country s neutrality in 1914. 2. Secret police under the Bolsheviks who executed thousands of opponents of the Bolshevik revolution. _ 3. Called the tiger, he wanted to punish Germany after the war. _ 4. He was the Bolshevik war commissar and leader of the Red Army. 5. Ethnic group that suffered perhaps 1 million killed at the hands of the Turks. 6. This Russian was called our Friend Grigori.. 7. Total war concept applied to the Russian Civil war by the Bolsheviks. _ 8. The president of the revolutionary provisional government in Russia. _ 9. Russian workers councils. _ 10. British colonel who aroused the Arab princes to revolt in 1917. 11. The name of the treaty between the Germans and the Russian Bolshevik government in 1918. 12. The German chancellor fired by William II. _ 13. Early battle in World War I that stopped the German advance outside of Paris. _ 14. The first country to mobilize for European war in 1914. _ 15. The Russian parliament that Nicholas adjourned in 1914. _ 16. British passenger liner that was sunk in 1915 causing world-wide anger against Germany.
McKay Ch. 27 Homework Packet Page 6 _ 17. Failed Irish rebellion during World War I that sought to create an independent Irish state. D. Map Mastery Using Map 27.1 in the textbook as a reference, answer the following question. 1) Which country that fought in World War I did not have direct access to any oceans or other significant bodies of water? Using Map 27.2 in the textbook as a reference, answer the following question. 2) According to the map, which four major ethnic groups lived within Austria-Hungary? _ Using Map 27.3 in the textbook, answer the following question: 3. When Germany invaded France, it had to go first through which country? Using Map 27.4 in the textbook, answer the following question: 4. Which three new major countries emerged after World War One from territory former controlled by the Austro-Hungarian Empire (don t include Austria or Hungary)? 5. Which five new countries emerged after World War One from territory formerly controlled by the Russian Empire? 6. Which new region of Poland separated East Prussia from the rest of Germany? 7. Which two regions were lost by Germany and gained by France after the war? 8. A new demilitarized zone in Germany was created encompassing which major river? _ 9. Which empire shown in the map lost the greatest amount of land as a result of the war?