AP 2 chapter 17 blood spring 2015 Student: 1. Blood is correctly classified as a(n) A. organ. B. tissue. C. organ system. D. intracellular fluid. E. More than one of these choices is correct. 2. The buffy coat of the middle layer of a centrifuged blood sample is composed of A. platelets and leukocytes. B. leukocytes. C. platelets. D. erythrocytes. E. erythrocytes and leukocytes. 3. Plasma makes up about percent of a centrifuged sample of whole blood. A. 25 B. 35 C. 45 D. 55 E. 75 4. If a patient becomes dehydrated, the percentage of plasma in a centrifuged sample of his or her blood would likely A. increase. B. decrease. C. not change. 5. Which term best describes the function of blood when considering the presence of leukocytes and antibodies? A. Regulation B. Prevention C. Protection D. Transportation
6. Which term best describes the function of blood when considering the presence of carbon dioxide and endocrine hormones? A. Regulation B. Protection C. Prevention D. Transportation 7. The smallest and most abundant plasma proteins are the A. globulins. B. endocrine hormones. C. albumins. D. fibrinogens. E. prothrombins. 8. Among the constituents of plasma, sodium, potassium, and bicarbonate ions are classified as A. nutrients. B. respiratory gases. C. wastes. D. electrolytes. E. None of these choices is correct. 9. Hematocrit is A. the percent of red blood cells in a blood sample. B. a disease. C. a clotting factor. D. the color of plasma. 10. "Formed elements" are A. sodium and potassium. B. blood cells and platelets. C. serum and plasma. D. blood and lymph. 11. Blood volume varies with A. amount of adipose tissue. B. changes in electrolyte and fluid concentrations. C. body size. D. all of the above.
12. Which of the following is an agranulocyte? A. A basophil B. An eosinophil C. A neutrophil D. A monocyte 13. Platelets are best described as A. giant, multinucleated cells. B. immature leukocytes. C. cytoplasmic fragments of cells. D. lymphoid cells. 14. Vitamin B 12 is poorly absorbed in the absence of A. folic acid B. erythropoietin. C. intrinsic factor. D. extrinsic factor. 15. Heme released from hemoglobin in aged red blood cells is decomposed in the liver into A. iron and the bile pigment biliverdin, which is eventually converted to bilirubin. B. iron and the bile pigment bilirubin, which is eventually converted to biliverdin. C. iron and interleukins. D. serum and plasma proteins. 16. Which of the following formed elements releases serotonin? A. Erythrocytes B. Platelets C. Neutrophils D. Basophils 17. Which of the following are most active as phagocytes? A. Erythrocytes B. Neutrophils C. Basophils D. Eosinophils
18. Heparin prevents blood clotting by A. binding to calcium ions. B. interfering with the formation of thrombin and fibrinogen. C. inhibiting the formation of prothrombin activator and the action of thrombin on fibrinogen. D. depleting the blood of platelets. 19. Sickle cell disease is caused by A. a lack of dietary iron. B. a lack of intrinsic factor. C. an excess of hemoglobin. D. a mutation. 20. The form of anemia caused by lack of dietary iron is A. pernicious anemia. B. aplastic anemia. C. hemolytic anemia. D. iron deficiency anemia. 21. Diapedesis is A. the formation of platelets from megakaryocytes. B. filling of red blood cells with hemoglobin. C. movements of white blood cells out of the circulation. D. squeezing of red blood cells through narrow capillaries. 22. Athletes abuse erythropoeitin (EPO) because it A. increases the red blood cell supply, which brings more oxygen to muscle cells. B. decreases the red blood cell supply, which brings more oxygen to muscle cells. C. increases the red blood cell supply, which depletes oxygen from muscle cells. D. increases the white blood cell supply, which prevents infection. 23. Plasma electrolytes include A. bicarbonate, magnesium, chloride, and potassium ions. B. monocytes, basophils, and eosinophils. C. fibrinogen, globulins, and albumin. D. urea and uric acid.
24. Which of the following is not required for the formation of a blood clot? A. Calcium B. Fibrinogen C. Vitamin K D. Albumin 25. A blood clot that forms abnormally in a blood vessel is a(n) A. aneurysm. B. embolus. C. thrombus. D. platelet plug. 26. A pulmonary embolism is most likely caused by a clot reaching A. a lung through a pulmonary artery. B. a lung through a pulmonary vein. C. the heart through a pulmonary artery. D. the heart through a pulmonary vein. 27. Thrombocytopenia is due to a deficiency of A. vitamin K. B. platelets. C. leukocytes. D. factor VII. 28. The basic event in the formation of a blood clot is the change of A. fibrinogen to fibrin. B. fibrin to fibrinogen. C. thrombin to prothrombin. D. vitamin K to prothrombin. 29. The final step in the formation of a blood clot is A. the formation of prothrombin activator. B. that thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin. C. that prothrombin activator converts prothrombin to thrombin. D. tissue damage.
30. Vitamin K A. is essential for the synthesis of prothrombin. B. is used to make hemoglobin. C. requires intrinsic factor to be absorbed. D. is a clotting factor. 31. Marianne has small, bruise-like spots on her skin and a low platelet count. These blemishes are most likely A. pinpricks. B. blood blisters. C. petechiae. D. hematomas. 32. The red blood cells of type AB blood have on their surfaces A. antigens A and B. B. antigen A only. C. antigen B only. D. neither antigens A nor B. 33. Erythroblastosis fetalis (hemolytic disease of the newborn) occurs in A. a second Rh-positive fetus developing in an Rh-negative woman. B. a first Rh-positive fetus developing in an Rh-negative woman. C. a second Rh-negative fetus developing in an Rh-negative woman. D. a first Rh-negative fetus developing in an Rh-negative woman. 34. A person with type A blood can successfully donate blood to a person with type blood. A. A B. B C. O D. none of the above 35. A person with type AB blood can successfully receive blood from a person with type blood. A. A B. B C. O D. all of the above
36. The most important action of plasma albumin is A. acting as antibodies of immunity. B. transporting lipids and fat-soluble vitamins. C. serving as energy sources. D. helping maintain colloid osmotic pressure. 37. Which of the following usually accounts for the smallest percentage of leukocytes in a blood sample? A. Monocytes B. Eosinophils C. Basophils D. Neutrophils 38. Which of the following elements is included in hemoglobin molecules? A. Cobalt B. Iron C. Copper D. Iodine 39. A platelet plug is formed when fibrinogen is converted to fibrin. True False 40. Persons with type AB blood are sometimes called universal donors. True False 41. for approximately 60% of the plasma proteins and are active in maintaining ph and osmotic concentration gradients. A. Fibrinogen B. Globulin C. Albumin D. Fibrin 42. The nutrient(s) required for the production of hemoglobin include A. iron. B. folic acid. C. vitamin B 12. D. all of these choices are correct
43. Polycythemia is a condition characterized by the excessive production of. A. platelets B. leukocytes C. erythrocytes D. all of these choices are correct 44. Mature are the most abundant of the formed elements. A. erythrocytes B. platelets C. neutrophils D. lymphocytes 45. Antibodies that attack pathogens are produced by A. neutrophils. B. monocytes. C. T lymphocytes. D. B lymphocytes. 46. are leukocytes that migrate into tissues and become macrophages. A. Neutrophils B. Basophils C. Monocytes D. Lymphocytes 47. In a blood transfusion, one must consider the of the donor and the of the recipient. A. antibodies; antigens B. antigens; antibodies C. antibodies; antibodies D. antigens; antigens 48. A woman with Rh- blood does not have anti-rh antibodies in her blood unless A. she has had a previous blood transfusion. B. her husband is Rh+. C. she has had an Rh+ child. D. Rh+ erythrocytes have previously been introduced into her blood.
49. The preferred blood type for transfusing to a person with blood type A Rh- is, but when it is unavailable, blood type(s) may be used. A. A Rh-; A Rh+ B. A Rh+; AB Rh- C. A Rh-; O Rh- D. A Rh+; O Rh-, O Rh+ 50. are leukocytes that are active in allergic responses and / or parasitic worm infections. A. Eosinophils B. Basophils C. Monocytes D. Lymphocytes