Promoting sustainable biogas production and use: Perspective of municipality How to plan for a biogas production and utilisation in a Danish Region Organic Matrix Farming and Energy Model Tyge Kjær Roskilde Universitet
Organic Matrix Farming and Energy Model Topics: - Short on the Danish gas policy - Alternatives to the reduced natural gas supply- the energy security issue - Biogas potentials and biogas policy in Denmark at the national level - How to plan for biogas plant - example from the Lejre Municipality - Biogas in organic matrix farming
The Danish natural gas system Natural gas from North Sea North Sea Entry Nybro Export Sweden Import/export Germany
Energy supply - Natural gas from North Sea
Natural gas project Nord Stream - 9 countries are involved - Natural gas pipes on 1.220 km - 55 Mia m3 natural gas yearly, equal to 11% of EU consumption in 2011 - DONG Energy has bought gas from Gazprom
EU Natural gas supply Existing and new pipelines
Biogas potential in Denmark Production and consumption of natural gas and the biogas potentials in the region 360 The Danish Policy - High priority to implementation of biogas (2008, 2009, 2010, 2011) - Actual production: 4,2 PJ - Around 50 new larger plants planned until 2013 (local spatial plans in municipalities) - New support schemes - investment subsidies and operation subsidies 270 180 - Support for local planning (The National Biogas Secretariat) 0 90 81 PJ 315 PJ Export Domestic use Biogas potential Natural gas 2009 Natural gas production 2009 16,3% compared with 2008 165 PJ Natural gas consumption 2009
Biogas potential in Region Zealand Consumption of natural gas today and the biogas potentials in the region Region Zealand 4.000.000 12,1 PJ 3,380,000 MWh Development of agriculture as integrated energy crops 3.000.000 2.000.000 CHP plant Individual gas users 6,5 PJ 8,2 PJ Industrial waste Green waste from households, by-crops, meadow grass, Energy crops 1.000.000 0 Natural gas 1,7 PJ Biogas Cattle and pig slurry
Existing plants Joint biogas plants (8-40 farms) Building year and capacity Large joint biogas plants are build in the period from 1984-1998 (Newest plant: Biokraft, Bornholm) Three plants in Region Zealand: - Hashøj - 144 tons/day - Snertinge - 118 tons/day - Nysted - 227 tons/day New plant: - Solrød - 420 tons/day - Måbjerg - 1,400-1,700 tons/day Requirement for slurry: - 200 tons per day - or 73.000 tons per year V. Hjermitslav 1984 Vegger 1985 Davinde 1988 Sinding-Ørre 1988 Fangel 1989 Revinge 1989 Ribe 1990 Lintrup 1990 Lemvig 1992 Hodsager 1993 Hashøj 1994 Thorsø 1994 Århus 1995 Filskov 1995 Studsgård 1996 Blåbjerg 1996 Snertinge 1996 Blåhøj 1997 Vaarst/Fjellerad 1997 Nysted 1998 200 tons per day 0 50.000 100.000 150.000
Small or large? Small plants - single farm biogas plant Combined system in Ringkøbing-Skjern Amount tons/year Biogas 1000 m3 Nitrogen tons/year Combined system in Ringkøbing-Skjern
Holistic or systemic approach: Planning - Four important steps Four steps: - Energy balance to identify the amount and the origin of the greenhouse gasses - Projection of the emission of the greenhouse gasses - to create a baseline - Identification of opportunities for reduction of greenhouse gasses - Establish an climate action plan Presentation: Lejre Municipality
Energy balance Energy balance = the whole production chain: Energy sources Convertion technology Enduse of energy Energy-chain - The three approaches & opportunities Three approaches: (1) change of sources: RES (2) more efficient and carbon efficient conversion (3) savings in end-use Reduction of greenhouse gasses Energy sources Change to RESenergy sources Energy technologies Improved efficiency Enduse of energy Energy saving in the end use
Lejre Municipality Opportunities for reduction - in general Reduction of greenhouse gas emission Emission of greenhouse gasses 2008-2025 Baseline for Lejre Municipality 279,400 tons 300.000 272,800 tons 257,300 tons Reduktion: 54,600 tons 20% Reduktion: 81,800 tons 30% 225.000 150.000 Baseline 2008-20 75.000 Reduction to year 2020 0 2008 2020 2025 2020 20% 2020 30%
Lejre Municipality Mapping of ressources Renewable energy as support for organic farming in the north part of the municipality The organic farms are closed to each other Two biogasplant: - in north: Organic farming - in south based on conventionel farming
Lejre Municipality Integrated organic farming - Biogas production - substitution of natural gas and oil in the heat supply through combined heat and power production - Support to organic farming through matrix agriculture The purpose of the establishment of the organic matrix agriculture is to make the organic farms more robust (ecologically and economically) by participating in a complementary large-scale cooperation between farms. The project aims is to get the organic actors to actually address the development of matrix farms.
Promoting sustainable biogas production and use: Perspective of municipality Lejre Municipality Organic matrix farming Pig farm Slurry Input to the biogas plant Cattle farm Pig farm Slurry Cattle manure (fermentation) Green gras Green gras Especially of benefit for farms without livestock 80% Leftover Organic fertilizer 40% Cattle CHP Gas engine Agriculture Digested material as organic fertilizer 20.000 tons Biogas plant Agriculture Electricity to the grid District heating in city Pig Biogas Use of nitrogen Smaller biogas plant Input: - cattle slurry, porridge cut, green grass: 20.000 tons Output: - biogas: 16,000 MWh - Electricity: 8.000 MWh - Heat: 7.000 MWh Effect: - GHG reduction: 12,600 tons - Organic fertilizer: 13,800 tons (gross)
Lejre Municipality Three steps process The important starting phase Phase 1 Opportunities - Resources - Possible construction concepts - Placement opportunities Environment and energy analysis - application - draft IEA - draft environmental permit - Local spatial plan Phase 2 Decision phase - Ownership - Choice of concept - Choice of location of the plant Company formation Financing The final aprovements - Local spatial plan approval - IEA - Environmental permit Phase 3 Implementation phase - Tendering system (total or functional) & tender - Establishment of plant - Running in of the new plant Operation Agreements: - Plant operation - Contract with farmers on delivering of slurry and manure - Seurity of other biomass - gas and electricity sales Contract - offtake of residuals
Lejre Municipality Municipality of Lejre - Greenhouse gas reduction GHG emission: 272,800 tons - Reduction potentials: 183,000-319,300 tons Lejre Municipality Reduction of greenhouse gasses in 2020 Electricity only 240.000 60.000 105,500-234,100 tons Maksimum Minimum Total reduction potentials: 183,000-319,300 tons 45.000 30.000 30,100-32,000 tons 44,000 tons 15.000 3,400-9,200 tons 0 On Shore windmills Biogas El-saving CHP wood waste
Lejre Municipality Action plan for Municipality of Lejre Energy consumption: 656,900 MWh. GHG emission: 272,800 tons Lejre Municipality Energy consumption and production in MWh 2008 og 2020 Energy consumption Fossil energi (import) Local production MWh 1.100.000 1,014,700 161 kwh 825.000 550.000 275.000 139 kwh 138 kwh 656,900 656,900 MWh 639,500 104 kwh Surplus local energy production 375,200 MWh 0 Consumption Production Consumption 2008 2020 Production
Danish Energy Flow year 2009 Input Output Thank you for your attention