UAV s SAFETY AND RELATED CERTIFICATION ISSUES by Jacek Warchulski Dariusz Rykaczewski Air Force Institute of Technology, Warsaw 3 rd UAVNET Meeting 29-30 April, Institute of Aviation, Warsaw 1
Presentation Outline Introduction Military hardware and armament research in Polish Armed Forces UAV s airworthiness tests around the world UAV s safety considerations Conclusion 2
Main presentation objective Status of test regulations in Poland and around the world concerning UAV Test methods of military technology in Polish Armed Forces Certification procedures of UAV UAV safe flight and airworthiness 3
Status of regulations in Poland Joint Airworthiness Requirements Technical and operational requirements and specification Polish Military Standards (test regulations) Lack of standards relating UAV in Poland 4
EUROPE AIR FORCE Status of UAV regulations around the world NATO Draft Guidelines paper Annex to AC 92D967 Switzerland: Drohnenflugdienst ADS 90, under revision Military (civilian) type airworthiness requirements (e.g. Belgium, Dutch, Germany, Swedish) Italian draft airworthiness requirements (based upon JAR- VLA) Draft UK MoD Airworthiness Design Requirements DEF- STAN-00970 PART 9 5
USA AIR FORCE Status of UAV regulations around the world FAA application form 7711-2, FAA order 7600.4 Military UAV operations Draft Advisory Circular (1992-1996) design, operations, maintenance, training Draft Advisory Circular Remotely Piloted Air Vehicle Operations Other drafts under revisions 6
Test process of military technology in Polish Armed Forces The kinds of prototype tests of military technology are: preliminary tests certification tests tests of pre-production batch AIR FORCE 7
Test process of military technology in Polish Armed Forces PRELIMINARY TESTS AIR FORCE Preliminary tests are conducted for taking technical data of prototype, to verify compliance with technical specifications and to approve the prototype for certification tests. Preliminary tests are conducted at: contractor of the prototype (laboratories, test stands) military field 8
Test process of military technology in Polish Armed Forces CERTIFICATION TESTS Certification tests are conducted according to conditions given in technical specifications to verify compliance with technical specifications and to work out the recommendations for the future use, to define implementation possibility for operational use, training and send the prototype for pre-production batch. Certification tests are conducted at: contractor of the prototype (laboratories, test stands) aerodrome military field 9
Test process of military technology in Polish Armed Forces TESTS OF PRE-PRODUCTION BATCH Tests of pre-production batch are conducted to verify compliance with technical approved documentation Tests are taken by user with the representative of contractor The final result of the tests is report and official statement with the conclusions of possibility of sending prototype for manufacture 10
UAV s s CLASSIFICATION UAV TO BE CERTIFIED FOR MILITARY USE SHALL BE CLASSIFIED ON THE BASIS OF THEIR OPERATIONAL PURPOSES AS FOLLOWS: UAV s (Class I) no more than 20 kg, hand-launched, operated with constant line-of-site visual contact between the operator and UAV UAV s (Class II) used for military purposes in airspace closed for other air traffic and closed for unauthorized persons UAV s (Class III) used for military purposes in airspace closed for other air traffic and areas not closed for unauthorized persons UAV s (Class IV) used for military purposes in airspace opened for other air traffic. 11
UAV AIRWORTHINESS CERTIFICATIONS Airworthiness Certificate of the Type Individual Airworthiness Certificate - Initial Individual Airworthiness Certificate - Maintaining of the Aptitude to Fly Airworthiness Certificate for Export 12
UAV SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS The following requirements have to be fulfilled for preservation of maintenance and flight capability: user regulations maintenance and support regulations qualification of the personnel control systems 13
UAV SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS The most significant criteria in airworthiness process: fail safe design built in test software flight management system electrical system communications/datalink navigation system propulsion system ground control station flight recovery and termination system UAV air vehicle 14
UAV SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS The most significant criteria in safety assessment process : determine hazard risk functional hazard assessment (UAV system) taking corrective activities verification of all safety objectives 15
UAV OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS Analysis of preflight / emergency procedures Building confidence in system airworthiness level Coordination with ATC Skills and experience of UAV s operators Collision avoidance risk,,see and avoid functions 16
Concluding remarks There is lack of implemented and joint standards related to UAV Airworthiness certification process is essential for safety operational use of UAV in close / open airspace Joint airworthiness certification procedures should be taken 17
Concluding remarks Before creating design criteria for operational use of UAV, it is need to consider precautions against: collision in the controlled airspace emergency of control system affects caused by emergency landing etc... 18
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