Chapter 21 Section 1 Origins of the Cold War Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides.
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Chapter Objectives Section 1: Origins of the Cold War Explain the growing tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union at the end of World War II. Identify the goals of Stalin s foreign policy immediately after the war. Space Bar to display the information.
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Guide to Reading Main Idea The detonation of the atomic bomb and the end of World War II led to disagreements among the Big Three wartime Allies and a shift in American attitudes toward the Soviet Union. Key Terms and Names Cold War Potsdam satellite nation iron curtain Space Bar to display the information.
A Clash of Interests After World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union became increasingly hostile, leading to an era of confrontation and competition that lasted from about 1946 to 1990 known as the Cold War. (pages 654 655)
A Clash of Interests (cont.) Soviets were concerned with security and wanted to avoid future attacks from Germany. They wanted all countries between Germany and the Soviet Union to be under Soviet control. Soviets believed communism was superior to capitalism. They were suspicious of capitalist countries because they felt capitalism would lead to war and eventually destroy communism. Space Bar to display the information. (pages 654 655)
A Clash of Interests (cont.) Americans were concerned with economic problems. Roosevelt and his advisers believed that economic growth would keep the world peaceful. American leaders promoted a democracy with protections for individual rights and free enterprise to create prosperity. Space Bar to display the information. (pages 654 655)
A Clash of Interests (cont.) What did many American officials believe caused World War II? Many American officials believed it was the Depression that had caused World War II. Countries had cut back on trade, making it necessary for a nation to go to war to get the resources it needed. Space Bar to display the answer. (pages 654 655)
The Yalta Conference A meeting of Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin at Yalta a Soviet resort on the Black Sea was held to plan the postwar world. Although the conference went well, some agreements made would later become key in causing the Cold War. Space Bar to display the information. (pages 655 657)
The Yalta Conference (cont.) At Yalta, a compromise was made with Roosevelt and Churchill agreeing to recognize the Polish Communist government set up by the Soviets. Stalin agreed that the government would include members from the old Polish government before the war. Stalin agreed that free elections would take place in Poland. Space Bar to display the information. (pages 655 657)
The Yalta Conference (cont.) During the meeting at Yalta, Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin issued the Declaration of Liberated Europe, giving people the right to choose their form of government. (pages 655 657)
The Yalta Conference (cont.) It was decided at Yalta to divide Germany and Berlin into four zones, with Great Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union, and France each controlling a zone. It was also agreed that Germany would pay reparations for damage caused by the war. For the next several years, arguments about these reparations and economic policy in Germany would become one of the major causes of the Cold War. Space Bar to display the information. (pages 655 657)
The Yalta Conference (cont.) Tensions rose when the Soviets did not follow agreements made at Yalta, which caused Soviet-American relations to deteriorate. President Roosevelt died and Vice President Harry S Truman became the next President. Space Bar to display the information. (pages 655 657)
The Yalta Conference (cont.) How did Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin disagree about what to do with Poland? Roosevelt and Churchill felt that the Poles should have the freedom to choose their own government. Stalin felt the Polish government and the Soviets needed to be friendly for security reasons. Space Bar to display the answer. (pages 655 657)
Truman Takes Control Harry S Truman took office, making it clear he would stand firm against Stalin to keep promises he made during Yalta. In July 1945, Truman and Stalin met at Potsdam near Berlin to work out a deal regarding Germany. Truman was against heavy reparations on Germany, feeling that the reparations would not allow German industry to recover. Space Bar to display the information. (pages 657 658)
Truman Takes Control (cont.) Agreements were made allowing the Soviets to take reparations from their zone in Germany and a small amount of German industrial equipment from other zones. Stalin was not pleased with Truman s proposal. Truman then told Stalin of the successfully tested atomic bomb, leading Stalin to think it was a threat to get him to agree to the deal. Stalin agreed, but tensions rose. Space Bar to display the information. (pages 657 658)
Truman Takes Control (cont.) Other issues at Potsdam did not end successfully. The Declaration of Liberation of Europe was not upheld, and the Soviet army s presence led to pro-soviet Communist governments being established in Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia. These Communist countries of Eastern Europe became known as the satellite nations. Space Bar to display the information. (pages 657 658)
Truman Takes Control (cont.) Although they had their own governments and were not under direct Soviet control, they had to remain Communist and follow Soviet- approved policies. As Communists began taking over Eastern Europe, Winston Churchill s term, the iron curtain, was used to describe the separation of the Communist nations of Eastern Europe from the West. Space Bar to display the information. (pages 657 658)
Truman Takes Control (cont.) Why did Stalin have to accept Truman s proposal at Potsdam? American and British troops controlled Germany s industrial center, and Soviets would be unable to receive any reparations unless they cooperated. Space Bar to display the answer. (pages 657 658)
Checking for Understanding Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. B 1. the political and military barrier that isolated Sovietcontrolled countries of Eastern Europe after World War II A 2. the ideological and often confrontational conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union between 1946 and 1990 A. Cold War B. iron curtain Space Bar to display the answers.
Checking for Understanding (cont.) Reviewing Facts Why did tensions grow between the United States and the Soviet Union after World War II? Each country had different goals for Germany and Eastern Europe. Space Bar to display the answer.
Reviewing Themes Global Connections At Yalta, what agreement did the Big Three come to about Germany s future after World War II? Germany was divided into four zones controlled by Great Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States. Space Bar to display the answer.
Critical Thinking Synthesizing Do you think Roosevelt could have prevented the Cold War? Why or why not? Possible answers: Yes, the Cold War could have been prevented if Soviet needs had been accommodated. No, the Cold War was inevitable because the Soviets had broken several promises. Space Bar to display the answer.
Geography and History The map on page 683 of your textbook shows the occupation of Berlin after World War II. Study the map below and answer the questions on the following slides.
Geography and History (cont.) Interpreting Maps How was West Berlin s location a disadvantage? How did Stalin use this disadvantage against the Western Allies? It was completely surrounded by East Germany. Stalin blockaded it. Space Bar to display the answer.
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