Second Session of the Group of Experts on Renewable Energy (GERE) Role of Renewable Energy Sources in Climate Change Mitigation in Croatia Željko Jurić, M.Sc. Energy Institute Hrvoje Požar Geneva, 12-13 October 2015
Content 1. Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation 2. GHG Emission Reduction and Renewable Energy Targets 3. Energy Profile of Croatia 4. Status of Renewable Energy Sources in Croatia (RES Electricity, RES Heat and Cool, RES in Transport) 5. Implementation of RES Measures 6. Conclusion 2
Change of climate Fifth IPCC Report (2013) - The Physical Science Basis (Summary for Policymakers) http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/ Expected air temperature increase until 2100: from 0.3-1.7 ºC (421 ppm CO 2 & 475 ppm GHG) to 2.6-4.8 ºC (936 ppm CO 2 & 1313 ppm GHG) World Meteorological Organisation: the year 2014 was the warmest year in the history of measurement! Expected and sea level increase until 2100: from 26 to 82 cm trend: 1.7 mm average sea level increase for 1900-2010, while 3 mm for 1993-2012. The Fifth Report also claims with high certainty (over 95%) that climate change and global temperature increase from the mid-20th century is manmade! 3
Climate change adaptation in Croatia Climate change policy Mitigation Adaptation Corresponding legal and other implementation frames International UNFCCC convention; EU Adaptation Strategy (2013) National Adaptation Strategy and Action Plan for Croatia (2017) City (urban) EUROCITIES Declaration on Climate Change (2008) - establishing long-term policies for climate mitigation and adaptation Climate Change Adaptation Plan for the City of Zagreb 4
Climate change mitigation in Croatia Climate change policy Mitigation Adaptation Corresponding legal and other implementation frames International UNFCCC convention; Kyoto Protocol (2008-2012), Post-Kyoto Agreement, COP21 in Paris expected legally binding and universal agreement on climate, with the aim of keeping global warming below 2 C National Low Carbon Development Strategy of the Republic of Croatia (drafted in Sept. 2015) 5 City (urban) Covenant of Mayors; 61 cities/towns in Croatia (prepared 59 Sustainable Energy Action Plans); at least 20% of GHG emission reduction by 2020
GHG emission reduction targets for Croatia Kyoto Protocol: 5% of GHG emission reduction in the period 2008-2012 in comparison with the emission level in 1990 (result: -10.9%) GHG emission reduction targets for 2020 (EU28: -20% in comparison with 1990 or -14% in comparison with 2005): ETS sector: -21% in comparison with 2005 Non-ETS sector: +11% in comparison with 2005 RES target: 20% in gross final energy consumption (same as EU average) GHG emission reduction targets for 2030 (EU28: -40% in comparison with 1990): ETS sector: -43% in comparison with 2005 Non-ETS sector: -40 to 0% in comparison with 2005 (-30% for EU28, expected target for Croatia could be about -10%) RES indicative target: 27% in gross final energy consumption (EU28) GHG emission reduction targets for 2050 (EU28 at least -80%): Targets for Croatia will be determined 6
RES targets for Croatia Energy Strategy of the Republic of Croatia, in accordance with RES Directive (2009/28/EC): RES target for 2020: 20% of RES in gross final energy consumption (18% in 2013) Goals of National Action Plan for Renewable Energy Sources (2020): 39% of RES in electricity generation, including large hydro power plants (38.7% in 2013) 10% of RES in transportation (2.2% in 2013) 20% of RES in heating and cooling (18.1% in 2013) New Law on renewable energy sources and highly efficient cogeneration (adopted: September 2015; enters into force: January 2016) establishment of premium system instead of feed-in tariffs for RES electricity generation (above 30 kw) 7
Energy profile Primary energy self supply Energy data for 2013: Primary energy production: 206.76 PJ Total primary energy supply: 380.51 PJ Primary energy self supply: 54.3% 8
Total primary energy supply (TPES) Energy data for 2013: TPES/capita: 2135 kg oe (36% lower than EU28) 9
TPES intensity Energy data for 2013: TPES intensity: 133 kgoe/1000 USD2005PPP (15.2% above EU28) 10
TPES by energy forms 11
Installed RES heat and power capacity Feed-in tariffs (4 Sept. 2015) 40.7 MW (1156 small PVs); quota: 52 MW 339.3 MW (16 WPPs); quota: 744 MW 36.4 MW (14.9 MW in 7 solid biomass); quota: 120 MW & (21.4 MW in 15 biogas); quota: 70 MW 1.6 MW (7 small HPPs); quota: 35 MW 0 MW (4.7 MW in geothermal power plant near Bjelovar, in preparation,); quota: 30 MW Croatian Fund for environmental protection and energy efficiency in 2013 co-financed more than 2000 RES-H/C installations: cca 70% thermal solar collectors, cca 30% other RES technologies (biomass boilers, geothermal heat pumps ). 12
Installed heat capacity 13
Electricity generation from RES 14
Large hydro power plants Installed capacity of large HPPs in 2013 was 2187 MW (52%). Electricity generation in large HPPs was 8054 GWh (66% of production or 45% consumption; import of electricity: 25%). 15
Biomass production and RES in transport Liquid biofuels production (2013): 2013: 33007 t biodiesel (94% for domestic market) Electric vehicles: 2014 and 2015: Croatian Fund for environmental protection and energy efficiency supports the purchase of electric vehicles (627 hybrid vehicles, 203 full-electric vehicles,16 plug-in hybrid vehicles) 2015: 65 charging stations for electric vehicles (28 in Zagreb) 16
Energy renovation in buildings There are a few examples of retrofitting programmes in place, on a national level: Retrofitting programme for single dwellings (results in 2015): 6000 single dwellings (family houses), co-fininancing by Croatian Fund for environmental protection and energy efficiency 40 mill. EUR (1.4 mill. EUR) for RES technologies: 133 thermal solar collectors, 23 photovoltaics and 29 biomass boilers Retrofitting programme for multi-occupancy residential buildings (results in 2014-15): 344 residential buildings, co-fininancing by Croatian Fund 18.7 mill. EUR Retrofitting programme for public buildings (results in 2014-15): 22 projects (13 currently active, 9 in progress), 1.3 buildings per project (cca 30 buildings), average energy savings within the projects: 50-70%, RES technologies: thermal solar collectors, photovoltaics, biomass boilers and heat pumps Retrofitting programme for commercial non-residential buildings (results in 2015): Only a few projects - e.g. retrofitting of Shoe factory Ivančica (co-fininancing by Croatian Fund 120,000 EUR), implemented measures: thermal insulation (roof, walls and windows ), replacement of lighting and installation od 42 m2 thermal solar collectors 17
Conclusion Remaining within a 2 ºC limit until 2100 requires that the majority of existing fossil fuels reserves stay in the ground renewable energy sources are significant part of solution. 18
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! Energy Institute Hrvoje Požar Savska cesta 163, Zagreb, Croatia M: + 385 99 5326 121 T: + 385 1 6326 121 F: + 385 1 6040 599 zjuric@eihp.hr www.eihp.hr