Atomic Structure Review

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Name: Class: Date: Atomic Structure Review True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. 1. A radioactive alkaline earth element s atomic number increases by two after emitting alpha radiation. 2. An alpha particle is the equivalent of a Helium-4 nucleus. 3. In the notation 107 47 Ag, 107 represents the atomic number and 47 represents the atomic mass of silver. 4. Aristotle named atoms atoms. 5. The stability of a nucleus is determined by the ratio of electrons to protons. 6. A beta particle is a fast moving electron that is emitted when a neutron in an unstable nucleus converts into a proton. 7. An element can be identified by the characteristic bright-line atomic emission spectrum it can produce. 8. The mass of a neutron is approximately equal to the mass of a proton. 9. A proton is a subatomic particle carrying a charge equal to but opposite that of an electron. 10. Energy is found only in specific discrete amounts, called quanta. 11. A nuclear reaction may involve protons, neutrons and electrons. 12. In a neutral atom, the number of protons is equal to the number of neutrons. 13. Isotopes are forms of an element that have the same number of protons but a different number of electrons. 14. Nuclear decay can change one element into another one. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. CONTENT REVIEW 15. The beta decay of 36 Rb produces a. 83 Br. c. Sr. 35 38 b. 86 Rb. d. Kr. 37 36 1

Name: 16. All nuclear decay is accompanied by emission of a. protons. c. electrons. b. visible light. d. radiation. 17. The half-life of a sample of a radioactive isotope is the time required for half of it to a. undergo oxidation. c. become stable. b. undergo fission. d. decay. 18. Most of the concern about nuclear power plants is with the a. radioactive waste materials. b. large size of reactors. c. high cost. d. limited knowledge about nuclear fission. 19. Quanta are fundamental "pieces" of a. nuclei. c. matter. b. electrons. d. energy. 20. The atomic number of an atom is defined as its a. number of neutrons. c. number of protons. b. number of electrons. d. mass in amu. 21. The symbol 9 F indicates a fluorine atom that contains a. 9 protons and 19 neutrons. c. 9 protons and 10 electrons. b. 19 protons and 9 neutrons d. 9 protons and 10 neutrons. 22. A cathode ray consists of a. neutrons. c. gamma rays. b. electrons. d. protons. 23. The atomic mass unit (amu) is defined in terms of a. hydrogen-1. c. carbon-12. b. oxygen-16. d. carbon-14. 24. The electron was discovered by a. Faraday. c. Millikan. b. Thomson. d. Rutherford. 25. How many of the known elements have at least one unstable isotope? a. only a few c. roughly half b. most of them d. all of them 26. An ion always contains an a. unequal number of protons and electrons. b. equal number of protons and neutrons. c. equal number of protons and electrons. d. unequal number of protons and neutrons. 2

Name: 27. Which of the following particles is normally found outside the nucleus of the atom? a. proton c. neutron b. alpha particle d. electron 28. The mass number of an atom is defined as its a. total number of neutrons and protons. c. total number of protons and electrons. b. number of protons. d. mass in amu. 29. An element's identity is based on its a. atomic number. c. atomic mass. b. number of neutrons. d. mass number. 30. Which of the following statements is part of Dalton's atomic theory of matter? a. All atoms of a given element have the same mass. b. All atoms of a given element are identical. c. All atoms differ from one another. d. All atoms are identical. 31. The energy-producing nuclear reaction that takes place between hydrogen atoms in the sun is an example of a. fusion. c. fission. b. beta decay. d. gamma decay. 32. Which one(s) have a mass of 1 amu? a. proton and neutron c. proton b. electron d. electron and proton 33. Which scientist described a positively charged core ( nucleus ) in the middle of a lot of empty space? a. Chadwick c. Thomson b. Bohr d. Rutherford 3

Name: Figure 24-3 34. Which of the reactions in Figure 24-3 illustrates neutron bombardment? a. a c. c b. d d. b 35. Which of the reactions in Figure 24-3 illustrates nuclear fission? a. a c. d b. c d. b 36. Which of the reactions in Figure 24-3 illustrates alpha decay? a. a c. d b. c d. b 37. Which of the reactions in Figure 24-3 illustrates nuclear fusion? a. d c. a b. c d. b 38. The product of Β-ray emission from a radioactive isotope of lead is a. bismuth c. thallium b. mercury d. lead 39. _ is the combining of nuclei. a. fission c. decay b. fusion d. denaturation 40. Why are boron or cadmium rods used in a nuclear fission reactor? a. to absorb the neutrons produced c. to absorb the alpha emission b. to provide chemical combustion d. to protect people from radiation 4

Name: Atoms Atom Protons Neutrons Electrons 1 8 10 8 2 10 9 10 3 9 9 9 4 8 11 8 41. Which two have the same mass? a. Atoms 1 & 2 c. Atoms 2 & 3 b. Atoms 2 & 4 d. Atoms 1 & 4 42. Which two are isotopes of one another? a. Atoms 1 & 3 c. Atoms 1 & 2 b. Atoms 1 & 4 d. Atoms 2 & 3 43. Which is the correct symbol for the atom with 42 protons and 49 neutrons? a. 91 Mo c. 49 In 42 42 b. 91 Mo d. 49 42 91 In 44. Which scientist developed the model of the atom shown? a. Bohr c. Rutherford b. Chadwick d. Thomson 45. Which is the number of protons in 26 Fe? a. 82 c. 56 b. 30 d. 26 46. What is the reason for the decay of naturally radioactive elements? a. To reduce the number of either neutrons or protons to lie in the band of stability. b. To reduce the number of neutrons as the elements lie above the band of stability. c. To release the energy from nucleus in the form of gamma radiation. d. To reduce the number of protons as the elements lie below the band of stability. 5

Name: Figure 3-3 47. Which of the particles a, b, or c in Figure 3-3 is the most massive? a. a c. c b. b d. They each have the same mass. 48. Which of the four particles in the atom illustrated in Figure 3-3 represents a neutron? a. b c. a b. c d. d 49. In Figure 3-3, what is the atom's atomic number? a. 4 c. 3 b. 1 d. 7 50. Which of the particles in Figure 3-3 represents an electron? a. d c. b b. a d. c 51. Which of the particles in Figure 3-3 represents a nucleus? a. d c. c b. b d. a 52. What charge does the structure in Figure 3-3 have? a. 2+ c. 3+ b. 1+ d. 1-53. In Figure 3-3, what is the mass number of the ion? a. 1 c. 4 b. 7 d. 3 6

Name: CONCEPT MASTERY Use the diagrams to answer the questions or complete the statements. Figure 24-1 54. In Figure 24-1, what mass of the isotope is present at 0 minutes? a. 0 grams c. 6 grams b. 12 grams d. 24 grams 55. What mass of the isotope in Figure 24-1 will remain after the end of one half-life period? a. 24 grams c. 6 grams b. 0 grams d. 12 grams 56. In Figure 24-1, what mass of the isotope is present at 40 minutes? a. 0 grams c. 3 grams b. 6 grams d. 4.5 grams 57. At what time in Figure 24-1 will there be 1.5 grams of the isotope remaining? a. 40 minutes c. 11 minutes b. 60 minutes d. 20 minutes 58. What is the half-life of the isotope in Figure 24-1? a. 100 minutes c. 40 minutes b. 50 minutes d. 20 minutes 59. Alpha particles have a _ charge. a. -1 c. +2 b. +1 d. 0 60. _ is the splitting of nuclei. a. denaturation c. fusion b. fission d. decay 7

Name: 61. Beta particles have a _ charge. a. +2 c. 0 b. +1 d. -1 62. Which is the number of neutrons in 35 Br? a. 115 c. 35 b. 80 d. 45 63. Which scientist developed the model of the atom shown? a. Thomson c. Bohr b. Rutherford d. Chadwick 64. Which type of radiation is the most penetrating? a. gamma c. beta b. alpha d. all three are essentially equal 8

Atomic Structure Review Answer Section TRUE/FALSE 1. ANS: F A radioactive alkaline earth element s atomic number decreases by two after emitting alpha radiation. PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 1 NAT: D.1 D.3 E.2 2. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 1 NAT: UCP.2 STA: SC-HS-1.1.1 SC-HS-1.1.2 3. ANS: F In a shortened type notation of an element, the mass number and the atomic number are written to the left of the symbol. The mass number is written as a superscript and the atomic number is written as a subscript. PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: Page 100 OBJ: 4.3.2 Define an isotope and explain why atomic masses are not whole numbers. NAT: B.1 STA: SC-HS-1.1.1 SC-HS-1.1.2 TOP: Define an isotope and explain why atomic masses are not whole numbers. KEY: Notation of elements MSC: 2 NOT: The atomic number and mass of an element can be represented by shortened notations. 4. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 1 NAT: UCP.2 G.3 STA: SC-HS-1.1.1 SC-HS-1.1.2 5. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2 NAT: B.1 B.5 STA: SC-HS-1.1.1 SC-HS-1.1.2 6. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 1 NAT: UCP.2 B.1 B.3 B.6 7. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2 NAT: UCP.2 B.1 STA: SC-HS-4.6.3 SC-HS-1.1.2 8. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 1 NAT: B.1 STA: SC-HS-1.1.1 SC-HS-1.1.2 9. ANS: T A proton has a positive charge of 1+. PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: Page 96 OBJ: 4.2.2 Describe the structure of the nuclear atom, including the locations of the subatomic particles. NAT: B.1 G.3 STA: SC-HS-1.1.1 SC-HS-1.1.2 TOP: Describe the structure of the nuclear atom, including the locations of the subatomic particles. KEY: Proton MSC: 1 NOT: A neutron has a mass nearly equal to that of a proton, but it carries no electrical charge. 10. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2 NAT: B.5 B.6 STA: SC-HS-4.6.3 SC-HS-1.1.2 11. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2 NAT: B.3 B.6 12. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2 NAT: UCP.2 ;B.1 STA: SC-HS-1.1.1 SC-HS-1.1.2 1

13. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2 14. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 1 NAT: B.3 B.5 STA: SC-HS-1.1.1 SC-HS-1.1.2 MULTIPLE CHOICE 15. ANS: D PTS: 1 OBJ: 24W 24.a 16. ANS: D PTS: 1 OBJ: 24W 24.a 17. ANS: D PTS: 1 OBJ: 24W 24.a 18. ANS: A PTS: 1 OBJ: 24W 24.f 19. ANS: D PTS: 1 OBJ: 4D 4.c 20. ANS: C PTS: 1 OBJ: 3C 3.g 21. ANS: D PTS: 1 OBJ: 3C 3.h 22. ANS: B PTS: 1 OBJ: 3C 3.d 23. ANS: C PTS: 1 OBJ: 3C 3.h 24. ANS: B PTS: 1 OBJ: 3C 3.d 25. ANS: D PTS: 1 OBJ: 24W 24.a 26. ANS: A PTS: 1 OBJ: 3C 3.g 27. ANS: D PTS: 1 OBJ: 3C 3.f 28. ANS: A PTS: 1 OBJ: 3C 3.h 29. ANS: A PTS: 1 OBJ: 3C 3.g 30. ANS: B PTS: 1 OBJ: 3C 3.b 31. ANS: A PTS: 1 OBJ: 3C 3.i 32. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2 NAT: B.1 STA: SC-HS-1.1.1 SC-HS-1.1.2 33. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 1 NAT: B.1 G.3 STA: SC-HS-1.1.1 SC-HS-1.1.2 34. ANS: B PTS: 1 OBJ: 24W 24.b 35. ANS: B PTS: 1 OBJ: 24W 24.b 36. ANS: D PTS: 1 OBJ: 24W 24.b 37. ANS: C PTS: 1 OBJ: 24W 24.b 38. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 4 NAT: UCP.3 B.3 B.6 39. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 3 NAT: UCP.2 B.3 40. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2 NAT: UCP.2 B.3 E.2 41. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 4 42. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 4 43. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 3 44. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 4 NAT: UCP.2 B.1 G.3 STA: SC-HS-1.1.1 SC-HS-1.1.2 2

45. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 3 46. ANS: A A radioisotope with an atomic number above 83 attains stability by reducing the number of either neutrons or protons, thereby positioning the element within the band of stability. A B C D Feedback Correct! A reduction in the number of neutrons alone will not give stability to any atom with atomic number above 83. Gamma emission will not bring an element with atomic number above 83 to the band of stability. A reduction in the number of protons alone will not give stability to any element having atomic number above 83. PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: Page 811 OBJ: 25.2.2 Apply your knowledge of radioactive decay to write balanced nuclear equations. NAT: UCP.3 B.1 TOP: Apply your knowledge of radioactive decay to write balanced nuclear equations. KEY: Radioactive decay MSC: 2 47. ANS: B PTS: 1 OBJ: 3C 3.f 48. ANS: A PTS: 1 OBJ: 3C 3.f 49. ANS: C PTS: 1 OBJ: 3C 3.g 50. ANS: D PTS: 1 OBJ: 3C 3.f 51. ANS: A PTS: 1 OBJ: 3C 3.f 52. ANS: B PTS: 1 OBJ: 3C 3.g 53. ANS: B PTS: 1 OBJ: 3C 3.g 54. ANS: B PTS: 1 OBJ: 24W 24.a 55. ANS: C PTS: 1 OBJ: 24W 24.a 56. ANS: C PTS: 1 OBJ: 24W 24.a 57. ANS: B PTS: 1 OBJ: 24W 24.a 58. ANS: D PTS: 1 OBJ: 24W 24.a 59. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 3 NAT: UCP.2 UCP.3 60. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 3 NAT: UCP.2 B.3 61. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 3 NAT: UCP.2 UCP.3 62. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 3 63. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 4 NAT: UCP.2 B.1 G.3 STA: SC-HS-1.1.1 SC-HS-1.1.2 64. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2 NAT: UCP.2 UCP.3 E1 E.2 F.1 3

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