2. Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum) Size at Maturity: Height: 70-100 ft Shape at Maturity: Dense, oval crown Foliage: 3 inches in length; Palmate with 5 lobes; Red, orange, and yellow in fall Fruit: 1 inch in length; Horeshoe-shaped with 2 wings Value: Wood is hard and used for furniture, flooring, and novelties; Sap is collected and made into maple syrup 3. Crepe Myrtle (Lagerstroemia) Size at Maturity: Height: 6-25 ft Shape at Maturity: Dense, oval or flattened crown, Shaped through pruning Foliage: 2 inches in length; yellow in fall Fruit: <1 inch in length; Capsules; Round; Dry Value: Ornamental; Handsome bark; Produces pink, white, or red clusters of flowers in summer 4. Purple Leaf Plum (Prunus cerasifera) Size at Maturity: Height: 15-25 ft; Spread: 10-12 ft Shape at Maturity: Dense, rounded crown; Shaped through pruning Foliage: 1-3 inches in length, Ovate and serrated; Bronze or red; Bronze in fall Fruit: 1-3 inches in length, Oval; Purple, Fleshy; Prolific in summer Value: Ornamental; Produces fragrant pink or white flowers in spring; Fruit are eaten by wildlife 5. Southern Magnolia (Magnolia grandifloria) Size at Maturity: Height: 50 ft; Spread: 30-40 ft Shape at Maturity: Moderately dense conical crown Foliage: 5-10 inches in length; Evergreen, Shiny; Ovate Fruit: 2-4 inches in length; Cone-like; Composed of many separate fruits; Seeds are red Value: Fragrant huge flowers (8 inches in width); Leathery foliage; lumber; Seeds are eaten by wildlife 1
6. Willow Oak (Quercus phellos) Size at Maturity: Height: 50-80 ft Shape at Maturity: Oblong crown Foliage: 2-5 inches in length; Narrow; Brown or Yellow in fall Fruit: ¼ to ½ inch acorn with flat scaly cap; Tan Value: Wood is hard and used for crossties and pulpwood; Long-lived; Produces plentiful acorns for wildlife 7. Leyland Cypress (Cupressocyparis leylandii) Size at Maturity: Height: 60-70 ft; Spread: 15-25 ft Shape at Maturity: Dense, conical crown Foliage: ½ inch in length; Scale-like; Dark blue-green; Feathery; Evergreen Fruit: Cone is small; Brown Value: Ornamental; Fast growing; Used to make hedges or natural screens 8. River Birch (Betula nigra) Size at Maturity: Height: 70-80 ft Shape at Maturity: Several trunks; Irregular crown Foliage: 1.5-3 inches in length, Oval or triangular; Double-toothed edges; Dark green; Yellow in fall Fruit: 1-1.5 inches in length; Cone-shaped; with scales, contain 3-winged seeds Value: Wood is used to make inexpensive furniture and toys; Planted to control erosion, stream bank restoration, and as an ornamental 9. Crabapple (Malus species) Size at Maturity: Height: 10-25 ft; Spread: 15-25 ft Shape at Maturity: Tall informal to dense oval Foliage: 1.5 3 inches in length; dark or olive-green; Yellow in fall Fruit: Small apples (<2 inches in width); Red, yellow, or green Value: Ornamental-flowers are white to rose in color; Wood is used for smokehouse kindling; Fruit is edible; Medicinal-used as an antibiotic 2
10. Paperbark Maple (Acer griseum) Size at Maturity: Height: 20-30 ft; Spread: 20-30 ft Shape at Maturity: Oval canopy and short trunk Foliage: 3-5 inches in length, Trifoliate leaves; Orange and red in the fall Fruit: Pair of winged seeds <2 inches length Value: Ornamental-Bark is highly decorative 11. Japanese Tree Lilac (Syringa reticulata) Size at Maturity: Height: 20-30 ft; Spread: 15-25 ft Shape at Maturity: Dense oval canopy Foliage: 2-4.5 inches in length, Ovate Fruit: 2-6 inches in length; Clusters of capsules Value: Ornamental-White flowers in spring and bark is dark greyish brown speckled with lenticels 12. Yoshino Cherry (Prunus X yedoensis) Size at Maturity: Height: 40-50 ft; Spread: 25-40 ft Shape at Maturity: Moderately dense canopy; Round or vase shape Foliage: 2-4 inches in length; Ovate; Serrated; Yellow in fall Fruit: ½ - 1 inch length cherries Value: Ornamental-Very showy pink or white flowers in the spring 13. Saucer Magnolia (Magnolia x soulangiana) Size at Maturity: Height: 20-30 ft; Spread: 25 ft Shape at Maturity: Open; Several trunks are common; Spreading crown Foliage: 5-8 inches in length, Reverse ovate Fruit: 2-4 inches in length; Cone-like; Composed of many separate fruits; Seeds are red Value: Ornamental-Produces large pink, purple, and white flowers (5-10 inches in diameter) in the spring 3
14. Virginia Pine (Pinus virginiana) Size at Maturity: Height: 50-80 ft Shape at Maturity: Open; flat-topped crown Foliage: 1 ½ -3 inches in length, in bundles of 2; Thick; Green; Twisted; Evergreen Fruit: 1 ½ -3 inches in length; Cones; Mature the 2 nd year; Remain on tree for several years after seeds fall Value: Wood is used for paper pulp; Woodpeckers nest in decaying older trees; young foliage is eaten by wildlife 15. White Oak (Quercus alba) Size at Maturity: Height: 80-100 ft Shape at Maturity: Trunk is rounded and sometimes stocky (3-4 ft wide); Spreading crown Foliage: 4-7 inches in length, Lobate with 7-10 lobes Fruit: ¾ inches in length; Acorn; Egg-shaped; Light chestnut brown in color; cap is bowl-shaped Value: Wood is strong, hard, close-grained; Used for flooring, lumber, furniture, tools, and interior finish; Planted as an ornamental; Wildlife eat the acorns 16. Black Walnut (Juglans nigra) Size at Maturity: Height: 50-90 ft Shape at Maturity: Straight; Narrow crown Foliage: 12-24 inches in length, Pinnately compound; 10-24 oval, fine toothed leaflets 3-4 inches in length; Yellow in fall Fruit: 2-2.5 inches in diameter; Thick; Green husk with nut inside Value: Heartwood is strong, hard with a chocolate-brown color; Used for veneer; fine furniture, gun stocks, and cabinets; Nut shells are ground into a cleaning agent for jet engines; filler for dynamite and as a filter agent; Walnuts are eaten by wildlife and humans; Sapsucker birds feed on the sap 4
17. Kentucky Coffeetree (Gymnocladus dioicus) Size at Maturity: Height: 70-90 ft; Spread: 40-50 ft Shape at Maturity: Short-trunked; Open, narrow crown Foliage: 12-30 inches in length; Bipinnately compound, 6-14 leaflets; Yellow in fall Fruit: 4-7 inches in length; Pods filled with seeds; Fall in winter Value: Wood is used for cabinetry; Roasted seeds can substitute for coffee; Raw seeds are poisonous; Fruit pulp is medicinal 18. Red maple (Acer rubrum) Size at Maturity: Height: 90 ft Shape at Maturity: Rounded crown (Open areas); Narrow crown (Forested areas) Foliage: 2-6 inches in length; 3-5 lobes with toothed edges; Brilliant scarlet, orange, or yellow in fall Fruit: ½ - ¾ inches in length; Paired, winged; Reddish Value: Wood is soft and used for pulp; Fruit and buds are eaten by wildlife; Oranmental 19. English Boxwood (Buxus sempervirens Suffruticosa ) 20. American Beech (Fagas grandifolia) Size at Maturity: Height: 60-80 ft Shape at Maturity: Thick trunk; Broad, rounded crown Foliage: 2-6 inches in length; Oblong to ovate; Pointed; Serrated; Yellow in fall Fruit: ¾ inches in length; Prickly burs; Each bur contains 2 nuts each ½ inch in length Value: Wood is hard and used for flooring, veneer, furniture, tools, baskets, etc ; Nuts are eaten by wildlife 21. Eastern Redbud (Cercis canadensis) Size at Maturity: Height: 15-30 ft Shape at Maturity: Broad, open crown Foliage: 2-4 inches in length; Heart-shaped; Green or burgandy Fruit: 3-5 inches in length; Long, flattened pod with many seeds 5
Value: Ornamental-Produces bright pink to purple flowers in spring 22. Flowering Dogwood (Corunus florida) Size at Maturity: Height: 40 ft Shape at Maturity: Broad, open crown Foliage: 3-6 inches in length; Elliptical; Very tiny teeth; Bright red in fall Fruit: ½ inches in length; Shiny; Red; Berry-like Value: Ornamental-Produces white or pink flowers in spring; Wood is used to make mallets, spools, and jeweler s blocks; Seeds eaten by wildlife 23. Laurel Oak (Quercus hemispahaerica) Size at Maturity: Height: 60-70 ft; Spread: 35-45 ft Shape at Maturity: Dense, rounded crown Foliage: 2-4 inches in length; Oblong to ovate; Yellow in fall Fruit: ½ - 1 inch in length; Acorns; Oval Value: Ornamental; Grow in very moist soils 25. American Holly (Ilex opaca) Size at Maturity: Height: 30-50 ft, Spread: 15-25 ft Shape at Maturity: Dense, pyramidal crown Foliage: 2-4 inches in length; Elliptical; spiny-pointed; Thick; Stiff; Evergreen Fruit: < ½ inches in length; Berry-like; Bright red Value: Ornamental; Christmas decorations; Hedges 27. Chinese Red Pine (Pinus tabuliformis) Size at Maturity: Height: 60-70 ft Shape at Maturity: Open, flat-topped crown Foliage: 4-6 inches in length; Needles; Arranged in pairs or triplicates Fruit: 1 ½ -2 ½ inches in length; Cones; Ripen in 20 months 6
Value: Ornamental (outside of China); Wood is used for construction; Pulp; Resin is used for turpentine; Medicinal uses 28. Black Oak (Quercus velutina) Size at Maturity: Height: 60-80 ft Shape at Maturity: Open, irregular crown Foliage: 4-10 inches in length; Oval with 5-7 pointed, bristle-tipped lobes; Shiny green; Red in fall Fruit: ½ - 1 inch in length; Acorns; Oval; Cap covers half of acorn Value: Wood is hard and used for flooring, furniture, fences; Long-lived species (100-200 years); Wildlife eat the acorns 29. Tulip Poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) Size at Maturity: Height: 90-110 ft; Spread: 30-50 ft Shape at Maturity: Narrow, oval crown Foliage: 4-6 inches in length; 4 pointed lobes; Yellow in fall Fruit: 2 ½ -3 inches in length; Cone-like cluster of winged seeds; Mature in the fall Value: Wood is used for lumber, trim, and veneers; Wildlife eat the fruit and sap; Very long-lived (up to 300 years) 30. Higan Cherry (Prunus subhirtella Autumnalis ) Size at Maturity: Height: 20-30 ft; Spread: 15-30 ft Shape at Maturity: Multiple trunks; Rounded crown Foliage: 2-4 inches in length; Oblong to ovate; Yellow in fall Fruit: < ½ inches in length; Oval; Black; Fleshy Value: Ornamental-Abundant pink flowers in spring 31. Bradford Pear (Pyrus calleryana) Size at Maturity: Height: 30-50 ft; Spread: 20-30 ft Shape at Maturity: Dense, pyramidal to oval crown Foliage: 3 inches in length; Ovate; Leathery Fruit: 1 inches in length; Round 7
Value: Ornamental-Produces showy white flowers in the spring 32. Silver Maple (Acer saccharinum) Size at Maturity: Height: 50-80 ft Shape at Maturity: Short trunk divided into sub-trunks; Open crown Foliage: 2 ½ -5 inches in length; 5 deep lobes; Light green above and silvery white below; Yellow in fall Fruit: 1 ½ -2 ½ inches in length; Paired; Winged; V-shaped; Mature in late spring Value: Wood is soft and used for boxes, furniture, and fuel; Wildlife eat the seeds 33. Kwanzan Cherry (Prunus serrulata) Size at Maturity: Height: 15-25 ft Shape at Maturity: Moderately dense, vase shaped crown Foliage: 2-4 in and 4-8 inches in length; Ovate; Serrated; Yellow in fall Fruit: Very small Value: Ornamental; Produces very showy double=pink flowers 34. Northern Catalpa (Catalpa speciose) Size at Maturity: Height: 40-70 ft; Spread: 20-50 ft Shape at Maturity: Irregular, open, rounded crown Foliage: up to 12 inches in length; Oblong to ovate; Yellow in fall Fruit: 12-22 inches in length; Green seed pods; Mature to brown in fall and split open Value: Produces orchid-like white flowers with purple and yellow spotting in late spring 35. Colorado Blue Spruce (Picea pungens) Size at Maturity: Height: 30-65 ft; Spread: 15-25 ft Shape at Maturity: Dense, conical crown Foliage: ¾ to 1 ¼ inches in length; Needles; Thin, 4 sided; Dull-green to blue-green; Evergreen Fruit: 2 ½ to 4 inches in length; Cones; Papery cone scales; Light yellow brown; Seeds are chestnut brown Value: Ornamental; Windbreaks 8
36. American Elm (Ulmus americana) Size at Maturity: Height: 75-100 ft Shape at Maturity: Straight or forked trunk; Trunk may be enlarged at base; Arching, vase-shaped crown Foliage: 4-6 inches in length; Oval; Serrated; Yellow to brown in fall Fruit: ½ inches in diameter; Flat seed; Clusters on long stems; Ripen in early spring Value: Wood is strong and was used for furniture, flooring, crates, baskets, etc Dutch Elm Disease decimated the population in the early 30 s and a selective breeding program was established; Wildlife eat the fruit 37. Sycamore (Platanus accidentalis) Size at Maturity: Height: 80-100 ft Shape at Maturity: Massive trunk; Open crown Foliage: 5-8 inches in length; 3-5 major lobes; Large toothed edges Fruit: ½ in seeds packed in a tight ball; Mature in late fall Value: Wood is hard and is used for particle board, paper pulp, fiberboard, etc ; Ornamental for its distinctive camouflage bark; Wildlife eat the seeds and live in the hollowed out center 38. Chestnut Oak (Quercus prinus) Size at Maturity: Height: 50-70 ft Shape at Maturity: Crooked trunk; Irregular crown Foliage: 4-8 inches in length; Roughly oval; Rounded teeth; Fruit: 1-1 ½ inches in length; Acorns; Cap is teacup-like Value: Wood is hard, heavy, and used for flooring, lumber, furniture, and planking, etc ; Wildlife eat the acorns 39. Common China Fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) Size at Maturity: Height: 30-75 ft Shape at Maturity: Open, irregular, pyramidal crown Foliage: 1 ½ 2 ½ inches in length; Needles; Evergreen Fruit: 1-3 in; Round; Brown; Hard 9
Value: Ornamental 41. Foster Holly (Ilex x attenuate Fosteri ) Size at Maturity: Height: 15-25 ft Shape at Maturity: Dense, pyramidal or columnar crown Foliage: 2-4 inches in length; Ovate; Spiny; Evergreen Fruit: < ½ inch in length; Round; Red; Fleshy Value: Ornamental; Natural screens or accents 42. Persimmon (Diospyros virginiana) Size at Maturity: Height: 20-60 ft Shape at Maturity: Round, topped crown Foliage: 2 ½ -5 inches in length; Oblong to ovate Fruit: ¾ -2 inches in diameter; Plum-like berry; Reddish-purple when ripe Value: Heartwood is dark brown to black and is used to make spindles and golf club heads; Fruit is eaten by humans and other animals 43. Scotch Broom (Cytisus scoparius) Scotch Broom is a highly invasive species. It is a prolific seed producer that allows it to out compete native species rather quickly. It thrives on disturbance. 44. Deodar Cedar (Cedrus deodara) Size at Maturity: Height: 40-60 ft, Spread: 20-30 ft Shape at Maturity: Moderately dense, pyramidal crown Foliage: <2 inches in length; Needles; Green to Silver; Evergreen Fruit: 3-6 inch in length; Cones; Oval; Brown Value: Ornamental; Shade tree 45. Japanese Maple (Acer palmatum) Size at Maturity: Height: 15-25 ft; Spread: 20 ft Shape at Maturity: Open, flattened to irregular crown 10
Foliage: 4 inches in length; Palmate; 5 or 7 lobes; Brilliant Red to Purple in fall Fruit: ½ to 1 inch in length; Winged seeds in pairs; Red Value: Ornamental; Spectacular fall foliage colors 46. Kousa Dogwood (Cornus kousa) Size at Maturity: Height: 15-20 ft; Spread: 15-20 ft Shape at Maturity: Dense, rounded crown Foliage: 2-4 inches in length; Ovate; Purple and red in fall Fruit: ½ -1 inch in length; Red; Fleshy Value: Ornamental; Bark is attractive; Produces white flowers in the spring 47. Crimson King Norway Maple (Acer platanoides Crimson King ) Size at Maturity: Height: 35-45 ft; Spread: 25-35 ft Shape at Maturity: Dense, oval crown Foliage: 4-8 inches in length; Lobate; 5 lobes with incisions Fruit: 1-3 inches in length; Winged; Paired, Green Value: Ornamental; Shade tree; Leaves are purple-green in summer and maroon to yellow in the fall; Fruit eaten by wildlife 48. English Yew (Taxus baccata) Size at Maturity: Height: 20-25 ft (often shorter if grown as shrub) Shape at Maturity: Dense, rounded crown Foliage: <2 inches in length; Needles; Shiny green; Evergreen Fruit: < ½ inch in length; Berry-like, Round, Red Value: Ornamental; Used to make chemotherapy drugs; Hedges and screens 49. Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda) Size at Maturity: Height: 90-110 ft Shape at Maturity: Open, oval crown Foliage: 6-9 inches in length; Needles; Bundles of three; Evergreen 11
Fruit: 2-6 inches in length; Cones; Light reddish to brown; Spine at tip of each scale; Cones remain on tree a year after seed fall Value: Wood is used for lumber, paper pulp, plywood, and fuel; Common shade tree; Excellent bird habitat 50. Eastern Redcedar (Juniperus virginiana) (also known as Juniper) Size at Maturity: Height: 40-60 ft Shape at Maturity: Dense, compact, column-like crown Foliage: 1 / 16 inches in length; Needles; Dark green; Evergreen Fruit: ¼ to 1 / 3 inches in diameter; Berry-like; Round; Fleshy; Female trees only Value: Wood is fragrant and multicolored; Resistant to decay; Used for furniture as well as pet bedding; Berries are used to make gin; Excellent habitat for birds 51. Thornless Honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos inermis) Size at Maturity: Height: 30-70 ft; Diameter of crown: 30-70 ft Shape at Maturity: Open, oval to flattened crown Foliage: 4-8 inches in length; Pinnately or Bipinnately compound; over 20 paired leaflets; Yellow in fall Fruit: 6-16 inches in length; flattened, thick walled pod Value: Popular for shade and hedges; Wildlife eat sweet pods; Pins made from thorns (Thorned variety) References and Good Sources of Information Arbor Day Foundation. http://www.arborday.org/trees/treeguide/treedetail.cfm?itemid=866 North Dakota Tree Handbook. http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/trees/handbook/ndhand-1.htm U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=cysc4 University of Florida IFAS Extension. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/st315 Virginia Department of Forestry. 2012. Common native trees of Virginia. http://www.dof.virginia.gov/print/edu/common-native-trees.pdf Virginia Department of Forestry. http://www.dof.virginia.gov/tree/index.htm 12