Identifying Pennsylvania Trees. Pennsylvania Forest Stewardship Program

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1 Identifying Pennsylvania Trees Pennsylvania Forest Stewardship Program

2 Tree Identification In this presentation you will learn to identify trees using the Summer Key to Pennsylvania Trees. Trees can be identified using many factors including leaves, bark, twigs, buds, flowers, and fruits.

3 Leaf Types

4 Scale-like

5 Broad and flat

6 Needles

7 Leaf-type Comparison

8 Leaf Arrangement

9 Alternate

10 Opposite

11 Whorled

12 Leaf Arrangement Comparison

13 Leaf Structure

14 A simple leaf Petiole (leaf stalk) Bud

15 A Compound Leaf Leaflet Pinnately compound Petiole (leaf stalk) Bud

16 A Compound Leaf Leaflet Petiole (leaf stalk) Palmately compound Bud

17 Leaf Structure Comparison

18 Leaf margins Serrate Dentate Double serrate Lobed Entire

19 Identification Section

20 Red Maple ID Slide Hint: opposite

21 Red Maple Acer rubrum

22 Red Maple

23 Sugar Maple ID Slide Hint: opposite

24 Sugar Maple Acer saccharum

25 Sugar Maple

26 Flowering Dogwood ID Slide Hint: opposite

27 Flowering Dogwood Cornus florida

28 Flowering Dogwood

29 Northern Red Oak ID Slide Hint: alternate

30 Northern Red Oak Quercus rubra

31 Northern Red Oak

32 White Oak ID Slide Hint: alternate

33 White Oak Quercus alba

34 White Oak

35 White Oak versus Red Oak Comparison White Oak Red Oak

36 American Beech ID Slide Hint: alternate

37 American Beech Fagus grandifolia

38 American Beech

39 Yellow Birch ID Slide Hint: alternate / hairy

40 Yellow Birch Betula alleghaniensis

41 Yellow Birch

42 Sweet (Black) Birch ID Slide Hint: alternate/hairy

43 Sweet (Black) Birch Betula lenta

44 Sweet (Black) Birch

45 Paper Birch ID Slide Hint: alternate; hairy

46 Paper Birch Betula papyrifera

47 Paper Birch

48 Eastern Hemlock ID Slide

49 Eastern Hemlock Tsuga canadensis

50 Eastern Hemlock

51 Eastern Redcedar ID Slide

52 Eastern Redcedar Juniperus virginiana

53 Eastern Redcedar

54 Balsam Fir ID Slide Hint: leaves do not have stalks

55 Balsam Fir Abies balsamea

56 Balsam Fir

57 Norway Spruce ID Slide

58 Norway Spruce Picea abies

59 Norway Spruce

60 Fir versus Spruce Balsam Fir Norway Spruce

61 (one bundle) Eastern White Pine ID Slide

62 Eastern White Pine Pinus strobus

63 Eastern White Pine

64 Horse Chestnut ID Slide Hint: opposite

65 Horse Chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum

66 Horse Chestnut

67 Hint: needles more than 3 inches long Red Pine ID Slide

68 Red Pine Pinus resinosa

69 Red Pine

70 Hint: leaves rough American Elm ID Slide

71 American Elm Ulmus americana

72 American Elm

73 Bitternut Hickory ID Slide Clue: alternate, sap not milky

74 Bitternut Hickory Carya cordiformis

75 Bitternut Hickory

76 Pitch Pine ID Slide

77 Pitch Pine Pinus rigida

78 Pitch Pine

79 Black Cherry ID Slide Hint: leaf not compound and not hairy, margins have fine teeth; leaf stalks have glands.

80 Black Cherry Prunus serotina

81 Black Cherry

82 Black Walnut ID Slide Hint: sap not milky; leaves hairy

83 Black Walnut Juglans nigra

84 Black Walnut

85 American Larch ID Slide

86 American Larch Larix laricina

87 American Larch

88 Wild Grape Not found in the key

89 Wild Grape Vitis spp.

90 Wild Grape

91 White Ash ID Slide

92 White Ash Fraxinus americana

93 White Ash

94 Sycamore Not found in the key

95 Sycamore Platanus occidentalis

96 Sycamore

97 Sassafras ID Slide

98 Sassafras Sassafras albidum

99 Sassafras

100 Cucumber-tree Magnolia ID Slide Hint: leaves usually greater than 5 inches long

101 Cucumber-tree Magnolia Magnolia acuminata

102 Cucumber-tree Magnolia

103 Sweetgum ID Slide

104 Sweetgum Liquidambar styraciflua

105 Sweetgum

106 Norway Maple ID Slide

107 Norway Maple Acer platanoides

108 Norway Maple

109 Black Locust ID Slide Hint: sap not milky

110 Black Locust Robinia pseudoacacia

111 Black Locust

112 Striped Maple ID Slide

113 Striped Maple Acer pensylvanicum

114 Striped Maple

115 Hint: milky sap Smooth Sumac ID Slide

116 Smooth Sumac Rhus glabra

117 Smooth Sumac

118 Yellow-poplar ID Slide

119 Yellow-poplar Liriodendron tulipifera

120 Yellow-poplar

121 The Summer Key To Pennsylvania Trees is a small part of the Pennsylvania 4-H forestry curriculum. Contact your Penn State Cooperative Extension Office to request additional information about 4-H and other educational programs.

122 Prepared by Paul Roth, Research Assistant, and Rance Harmon, Extension Associate, The Pennsylvania State University, School of Forest Resources & Cooperative Extension Acknowledgements Idea development and review: Jason Hall, Sandra Insalaco, and Cecile Stelter Service Foresters Pennslyvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Bureau of Forestry Review: James Finley & Sanford Smith, The Pennsylvania State University School of Forest Resources & Cooperative Extension Images provided courtesy of Virginia Tech & The University of Wisconsin. Line art courtesy of The Pennsylvania State University College of Agricultural Sciences and the Pennsylvania 4-H Program References Common Trees of Pennsylvania, Department of Conservation & Natural Resources, Bureau of Forestry The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees Eastern Region, Knolph, Alfred A. Inc Virginia Tech Dendrological Web Page, University of Wisconsin, botanical images, Penn State is committed to affirmative action, equal opportunity, and the diversity of its workforce. The Pennsylvania State University, 2002

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