Managing Black Walnut
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- Alexander Blankenship
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1 Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University
2 Why Grow Black Walnut?
3 Wood Products Rich, brown color Novelty items
4 Lumber products
5 Gunstocks
6 Veneer
7
8 Silvopasture
9 Nuts
10 People Food
11 Wildlife Food
12 Beauty
13 Chambered pith
14 Leafs out late, drops leaves early Yellow fall foliage
15 Soil & Water Protection Plant small bottomland fields & slopes
16 Biodiversity?
17 Where to Grow Walnut Natural Range
18 Growing Season 140 to 280 days Prefers > 170 days Prefers 55 0 F average annual temperature
19 Precipitation 25 to 70 inches Prefers > 35 inches
20 Soil: Deep, fertile, moist, but well-drained oneeds > 30 inches of well-drained soil. oprefers > 40 inches of well-drained soil. Texture: sandy loam, loam, silt loam, silty clay loam ph: Nearly neutral
21 Landscape Position Prefers: coves stream bottoms (alluvial soils) lower portion of north- or east-facing slopes
22 Airflow Good airflow, but not windy sites. Exposed uplands okay if walnut is interplanted with another species for wind protection.
23 Avoid Sandy or dry ridges and slopes Wet bottom land
24 Avoid Frost Pockets Where airflow is minimal and cold air could settle undisturbed. Narrow valleys with steep adjacent side slopes Bottomland sites lower than surrounding landscape
25 Shade Intolerant Plant only in forest openings or open fields.
26 Walnut grows well with Kentucky coffeetree Yellow-poplar White ash Red oak Basswood Sugar maple Slippery elm
27 Juglone Found in: Leaves Bark Nut husks Roots Toxic to: Tomatoes Paper birch Red pine White pine Scotch pine Apple Others
28 Questions?
29 Planting Black Walnut Site Selection Considerations Soils must be suitable for longterm growth Soils information NRCS offices and NRCS Web Soil Survey Walnut Suitability Index Consult Local Forestry Experts Get soils tested for ph and nutrients
30 Why are you planting walnut? Timber Production Spacing 10 X 10 or closer Nurse trees Mixed species Genetically selected stock Locally adapted stock
31 Why are you planting walnut? Nut crop Selected tree lines for nut quality/quantity High quality walnut soils Wide spacing 25 to 30 feet at planting University of Missouri Center for Agroforestry, Growing Black Walnut for Nut Production
32 Why are you planting walnut? Walnut Agroforestry Spacing and design depends on desired cropping plan Silvopasture Alley cropping Windbreaks/shelterbelts Forest farming University of Missouri Center for Agroforestry
33 Preparing your site to plant Start the summer before if spring planting Control competing plants
34 Disk or deep rip to break up compacted soil
35 Planting Typically spring planting for bareroot stock Plant early in spring to take advantage of spring rains and a full growing season Keep seedlings cool and moist until planted
36
37
38 Mechanical Tree Planting
39 Planting Nuts Collect in the fall Easier to handle when de-husked Fall or spring planting Float seed to test Stratification Seed predators
40 Check seed quality Protect seed from predators
41 Sprouted seed plantings Stratified Spring planting Protect from seed predators
42
43 Questions?
44 Thinning helps us retain the best trees and grow them at a desired rate. A few fat carrots or lots of skinny ones
45 Thinning Walnut Stands Natural stands Spend some time with your forester Identify crop trees Kill grapevines in or near crop trees Create growing space
46 Thinning Walnut Stands Plantations Early competition to encourage straight stems and small side limbs Thinning to maintain even, vigorous growth
47 Select and thin around crop trees
48
49 Kill cull trees Diseased trees Poor form Damage/defects Slow growers
50 When should I thin? Potential Crown Width (feet) = X d.b.h. (inches) An easy field guide: PCW (feet) = 2 X d.b.h. (inches) + 5 Divide Actual Crown Width by PCW to get a Crown Width Ratio (CWR) CWR = 1 = 100% potential growth CWR = 0.8 = 75% potential growth CWR = 0.7 = 53% potential growth
51 Questions?
52 Pruning Walnut
53
54
55 It Doesn t Always Work
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63 Prune Dead & Dying Limbs
64 Infected Pruning Cut
65 Oh No!
66 Uh Oh!
67 Questions?
68 Pests and Environmental Problems Wind damage Frost damage
69 Thousand Cankers Disease
70 Defoliators: Walnut Caterpillar Yellownecked Caterpillar Fall Webworm
71 Walnut Anthracnose Fungal disease that can cause premature defoliation Reduced growth and increased susceptibility to other diseases
72 Nut pests Walnut Curculio Walnut Husk Maggots
73 Walnut tip moth
74 Animal Damage
75
76 Questions?
77 Marketing Black Walnut Timber Professional forester assistance Stumpage or logs? Advertise to local and regional markets Use a competitive process sealed bid Ask for certifications, training, insurance, references
78 Selection of the Trees to Market Get assistance from a forester who knows the local/regional markets Selecting the right trees to market now and the right trees to retain can improve future income potential
79 Black Walnut Prime Veneer Log Dia. ($/MBF) > Black Walnut Sawtimber Grade $/MBF Prime 1389 No No No Average delivered log prices from 56 Indiana mills, Forest Products Price Report and Trend Analysis - Dr. Bill Hoover and Greg Preston
80 Make sure everybody is on the same page and the page is signed Have a timber sale contract Indicate what is being sold Spell out payment schedule Outline requirements for operating on the property - BMPs
81 Can I sell individual or small numbers of walnut trees? It depends Very high value trees Combine sales with neighbors to increase total value/volume Work with a specialist in small timber volume portable mills, specialty products
82 Resources for Managing Black Walnut The Walnut Council USDA Forest Service Walnut Notes Your forester Extension publications from your land grant university Hardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration Center
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