Pigment Questions 1. Know the meaning of the terms pigment and dyes. How are they similar? How are they different? 2. Know the color and chemical structure for the pigment verdigris. 3. What is the oxidation state of copper in copper acetate? 4. What ingredients did you use to make verdigris? 5. What is vinegar, chemically? What is its chemical structure? 6. Where does vinegar come from? 7. What is an acid? 8. Write the chemical equation that shows how acetic acid gives a proton. 8. What is the ph? How is it defined? 9. What is the ph of an acetic acid solution? Less than 7, equal to 7, or greater than 7? 10. What chemical reaction takes place when copper reacts with acetic acid? 11. What has happened to the copper in this reaction? 12. What happened to those electrons? 13. What type of reaction is this? 14. The verdigris you made was initially a 1:1 mixture of copper acetate and copper hydroxide. How did you make this in to pure copper acetate? Dye Questions 1. Know the meaning of the terms pigment and dyes. How are they similar? How are they different? 2. Know the meaning of the terms fugitive and colorfast. 3. Why must wool be washed before it can be dyed?
4. What is soap? Know its chemical structure. 5. Know the meaning of the terms direct dyeing, mordant dyeing, and vat dyeing. What are the similarities and what are the differences? 6. Give an example of each of the dyeing methods that you carried out in the laboratory. 7. What is the main chemical responsible for the color that comes from walnut dye? Know its name, chemical structure, molecular formula, and its color. 8. What is the main chemical responsible for the cochineal dye? Know its name, chemical structure, molecular formula, and its color. 8. Know the meaning of the term mordant. Give some examples of mordants. 9. Know the chemical names and formulae for potash, soda ash, and alum. 10. Know the common oxidation state of potassium, sodium, aluminum, carbonate, and sulfate. 11. Know how to draw Lewis structures for carbonate and sulfate. 12. Know what alum is and how it works. 13. What is indigo? Know its name, chemical structure, molecular formula, color, and where is comes from. 14. Describe how vat dyeing of indigo works. Glass Questions 1. What is the main ingredient in glass? 2. What is the three dimensional structure of silicon dioxide? 3. What is the difference between calcite (SiO2) and obsidian (also SiO2)? 4. Under what conditions are crystalline materials made? Glassy materials? 5. Why is pure silica not often used in glassmaking?
6. What is the chemical composition of soda-lime glass? 7. What is the function of the soda in soda-lime glass? 8. What is this function of the lime in soda-lime glass? 9. Soda and lime are generally too unstable to be found pure in nature. What are the actual sources of soda and lime? 10. Soda-lime glass is the most common type of glass in ancient and modern times. The glass you made in the lab however is a more recent invention, a borosilicate glass. What ingredients go into borosilicate glass? 11. What is the purpose of the borax in the borosilicate glass? 1. What is wax? Lost Wax Questions 2. How does the lost wax process work? 3. What is the chemical reaction that takes place when the wax is lost? Balance the reaction. 1. What is glaze? Glaze Questions 2. What is the chemical composition of glaze? 3. When is a ceramic glazed? 4. What is Egyptian paste? Plaster Questions 1. What is plaster? 2. What is plaster of Paris? 3. What is the oxidation state of calcium in plaster of Paris?
4. Know how to draw Lewis structure for sulfate. 5. What is the ½ H2O in CaSO4 ½ H2O? 6. How is plaster of Paris made? 7. How is plaster of Paris used? 8. What is lime plaster? 9. Where does lime plaster come from? 10. Know the Lewis structure for carbonate. 11. How is the limestone processed to give lime plaster? 12. How does slaked lime react with the air? 13. What is the point of converting limestone to limestone? 14. How is slaked lime used? India Ink Questions 1. What is India ink? What color is it? 2. How is soot made? 3. What is gum arabic and what is its function in India ink? Paper/Papyrus Questions 1. Why does water have such a high boiling point compared to molecules of similar weight? 2. What intermolecular force is holding the water molecules together? 3. What is hydrogen bonding? 4. How strong are hydrogen bonds?
5. What is the primary chemical component of paper and papyrus? 6. What is cellulose? 7. What holds the strands of cellulose together in paper and papyrus?