BYK-mac with smart-chart The QC Solution for Effect Coatings Sandra Weixel, BYK-Gardner GmbH 9th BYK-Gardner User Meeting, Bad Tölz, Germany - November 2010
Surface quality Gloss Distinctness of Image Orange Peel Color Effect Page 2, BYK-Gardner GmbH, BYK-mac Presentation
Effect Coatings 80% of todays automotive finishes are effect coatings Metallic coatings accentuate the curved profile: Light Dark Flop Pearlescent coatings result in a more spectacular color effect: Color Flop Photo: Courtesy of Effect finishes with special glitter effect (Xirallics TM ) Page 3, BYK-Gardner GmbH, BYK-mac Presentation
Multi-angle Measurement Geometries Aspecular viewing angles Page 4, BYK-Gardner GmbH, BYK-mac Presentation
Color changes with Viewing Angles 120 +b* 80 40 -a* -120-80 -40 40 80 120 +a* -40 New: -15-80 Traditional 5-angle -120 -b* Photos: Courtesy of Page 5, BYK-Gardner GmbH, BYK-mac Presentation
Surface quality Gloss Distinctness of Image Orange Peel Color Effect Page 6, BYK-Gardner GmbH, BYK-mac Presentation
Visual Effect Judgement Appearance of effect finishes depends on illumination conditions: Sunny sky: Direct illumination Color starts to sparkle Cloudy sky: Diffused illumination Fine versus grainy pattern Page 7, BYK-Gardner GmbH, BYK-mac Presentation
Visual Appearance of Effect Finishes under diffused lighting Graininess: Texture Structure Coarseness Salt & Pepper Viewing conditions: Diffused light Close observation distance Observation angle not important High Graininess Low Graininess Potential causes of graininess: Flake type flake size Disorientation of flakes Agglomeration of particles Page 8, BYK-Gardner GmbH, BYK-mac Presentation
Visual Appearance of Effect Finishes under direct illumniation Sparkle: Micro brightness Glints Diamonds Viewing conditions: Spotlight ~ direct sun light conditions Observation angle critical: Sparkle impression changes with illumination angle Sparkle is generated by e.g.: Reflectivity of the individual effect pigment (alu flakes, mica, Xirallics ) Amount of effect pigments Size of the aluminum flakes Flake orientation Sparkle 75 High Sparkle Low Sparkle Page 9, BYK-Gardner GmbH, BYK-mac Presentation
Flake Characterization Evaluation of the optical properties of effect particles Camera Analysis: The spatial resolution of the CCD chip correlates to the spatial resolution of the human eye. Camera pictures are taken under different light conditions to simulate sunny sky and cloudy sky. The sparkling impression is evaluated under 3-illumination angles: 15-45 -75 Page 10, BYK-Gardner GmbH, BYK-mac Presentation
Camera pictures characterize Sparkle and Graininess Page 11, BYK-Gardner GmbH, BYK-mac Presentation
Calculation of Sparkle and Graininess values Analysis of the histograms 18000 16000 14000 Count 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 1 84 167 250 333 416 499 582 665 748 831 914 997 Lightness Grades Sparkle 15 Sparkle 45 Sparkle 75 Graininess Page 12, BYK-Gardner GmbH, BYK-mac Presentation
Flake Characterization Analysis of Sparkle Effect: Sparkling area is detected Not size of the individual effect pigment Sparkling intensity is measured: How strong is the light flash of the effect pigment Total Sparkle Grade is determined as a function of Sparkle area and Sparkle intensity Page 13, BYK-Gardner GmbH, BYK-mac Presentation
Analysis of Sparkle Effect Sparkle Parameters Absolute: 1-dimensional: Sparkle Grade 2-dimensional system: Sparkle area Sparkle intensity Sparkle Grade = f (Sa; Si) Sparkle intensity 45 27 24 21 18 15 12 9 6 3 Sparkle Grade 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 Sparkle area 45 Page 14, BYK-Gardner GmbH, BYK-mac Presentation
Analysis of Sparkle Effect Sparkle Parameters Differences: 2 -dimensional: Sparkle area Sparkle intensity = Sample - Standard d Sparkle intensity 15 3 2 1 0-10 -5 0 5 10-1 -2-3 d Sparkle area 15 What are visually acceptable tolerances for Sparkle differences? Page 15, BYK-Gardner GmbH, BYK-mac Presentation
Sparkle Tolerance Model 32 32 28 28 24 24 20 20 16 16 12 12 8 8 4 4 0 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 0 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 Tolerance for Grade: Tol_Gr = +/- 1 Visually the samples look very different within the marked tolerance range. Tolerance within Grade: Tol_GF x Tol_Gr Page 16, BYK-Gardner GmbH, BYK-mac Presentation
Sparkle Tolerance Model Tolerance within Grade > Tol. Grade to Grade 12 10 8 S = Total Sparkle Difference 6 4 2 0-12 -10-8 -6-4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12-2 -4 S = S_a f(tol_gr) 2 + S_i f(tol_gf x Tol_Gr) 2 1 2-6 -8-10 -12 Tol_GF x Tol_Gr = 2 x 1 2 - dimensional distance to standard Weighted with length of ellipse axis Tol_S sets tolerance: Sparkle < Tol_S PASS Sparkle > Tol_S FAIL Page 17, BYK-Gardner GmbH, BYK-mac Presentation
Sparkle Tolerance Model 12 12 12 10 10 10 d Sparkle intensity 45 8 6 4 2 0-12 -10-8 -6-4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12-2 -4-6 8 6 4 2 0-12 -10-8 -6-4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12-2 -4-6 8 6 4 2 0-12 -10-8 -6-4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12-2 -4-6 -8-8 -8-10 -12 d Sparkle area 45-10 -12-10 -12 Tol_Grade = 1 Tol_GF = 2 Tol_S = 1 S = 1.07 S = 0.66 Tol_Grade = 1 Tol_GF = 2 Tol_S = 2 S = 1.07 S = 0.66 Tol_Grade = 1 Tol_GF = 3 Tol_S = 1 S = 0.72 S = 0.63 Page 18, BYK-Gardner GmbH, BYK-mac Presentation
Flake Characterization Analysis of Graininess Effect: Uniformity of light/dark areas is evaluated and summarized in a Graininess value 1-dimensional scale: relative dimension Solid color (very uniform) Graininess = 0 15 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 grainy fine Page 19, BYK-Gardner GmbH, BYK-mac Presentation
NEW smart-chart Software for BYK-mac, wave-scan Family, cloud-runner Page 20, BYK-Gardner GmbH, BYK-mac Presentation
smart-chart Software: Standard Management Define color families with common settings: E equation, geometry, statistic Set Color difference method: dec -- dep Set measurement geometries Define tolerances and limits Page 21, BYK-Gardner GmbH, BYK-mac Presentation
smart-chart Software: Standard Management Set effect geometries Define effect tolerances / limits Page 22, BYK-Gardner GmbH, BYK-mac Presentation
NEW smart-chart Software for BYK-mac, wave-scan Family, cloud-runner Page 23, BYK-Gardner GmbH, BYK-mac Presentation
smart-chart Software: Organizer Clear sample identification: Par 1: Models Par 2: Colors Par 3: Paint Booths Page 24, BYK-Gardner GmbH, BYK-mac Presentation
smart-chart Software: Organizer for BYK-mac Menu guided operation: Car schematics help to define sampling procedure Page 25, BYK-Gardner GmbH, BYK-mac Presentation
smart-chart Software: Organizer for BYK-mac Example: Color Harmony test procedure Checkzone creation Curvature per checkzone Number of readings per checkzone Definition of Panel Matches Page 26, BYK-Gardner GmbH, BYK-mac Presentation
NEW smart-chart Software for BYK-mac, wave-scan Family, cloud-runner 3 4 Page 27, BYK-Gardner GmbH, BYK-mac Presentation
smart-chart Software: Data Analysis for BYK-mac Filter database by: Status Date Model Color Paintline Instrument Click on Refresh List of all measured vehicles which failed Click on individual vehicle for detailed report Page 28, BYK-Gardner GmbH, BYK-mac Presentation
smart-chart Software: Data Analysis for BYK-mac Single Car Analysis Car schematic with traffic light symbols Panel match with Pass/ Fail analysis Match to standard with Pass/Fail Page 29, BYK-Gardner GmbH, BYK-mac Presentation