Office of the State Fire Marshal Fire Rated Doors
Fire Rated Doors These doors serve a purpose. They are manufactured in a way that is to help reduce the spread of fire and smoke. Fire rated doors allow occupants time to safely exit the structure during a fire or to allow for an area of refuge within the building that protects them until fire service can arrive. These doors are also part of the building s design and serve to protect fire service personnel during fire suppression. When the door is not properly latched in its frame it loses its effectiveness. When they are not properly maintained they are of no value during a fire making the design and purpose of the door obsolete. Not all doors are fire doors. Fire doors are composed of a combination of materials, including steel, gypsum and other fire resistant materials. Some have fire rated windows, which must be listed for use. These windows may include wire mesh glass, liquid sodium silicate between to window panes, ceramic glass or borosilicate glass. Fire doors are needed when a door has an exit sign near or on it, when a door leads to stairwells and horizontal exits, or when a door heads to a hazardous area such as a room used to store flammable liquids. All fire rated doors and frames must be equipped with labels indicating they have met all testing requirements. The label must be provided by a certified testing agency, such as Underwriters Laboratory. It may be embossed or mechanically fastened to the door itself. Labels must indicate the door s fire rated duration such as 90 minutes and may not be painted over or tampered with in any way. The labels will typically be located on the door near the hardware or on the door frame. 2014 Fire Rated Doors
Code References IBC Model Building Code IFC Fire Rated Construction NFPA 80 Fire Rated Doors NFPA 105 Smoke Doors The state has adopted IBC and IFC 2006 editions. You will need to determine what editions your local jurisdiction has adopted to determine which set of standards your facility will follow. NFPA 80, Appendix A, 15-2-1 Fire Doors, shutters and windows are of no value unless they are properly maintained and closed or are able to close at the time of a fire. A periodic inspection and maintenance program should be the responsibility of the property manager. Maintenance IBC 2006 3401.2 Buildings and structures, and parts thereof shall be maintained in a safe and sanitary condition. Devices or safeguards which are required buy this code shall be maintained in conformance with the code edition under which installed. IFC 2006 703.2 Opening protective shall be maintained in an operative condition in accordance with NFPA 80. Fire doors and smoke barrier doors shall not be blocked or obstructed or otherwise made inoperable. 2014 Fire Rated Doors
NFPA 80, 1999 15-1.4 Repairs shall be made and defects that could interfere with operation shall be corrected immediately. (Photos courtesy of idighardware.com) 15-1.2 Doors, shutters, and windows shall be operable at all times. They shall be kept closed and latched or arranged for automatic closing. 2014 Fire Rated Doors
IBC 2006 3401.2 The owner or owner s designated agent shall be responsible for the maintenance of buildings and structures. EXAMPLE: The Station Fire, Warwick, RI February 20, 2003 100 people died/200 were injured This was one of the worst fires in history. Because of this tragedy code officials made many changes to buildings concerning life safety measures. The claims against the state fire marshal stated that they were responsible for inspecting commercial structures and for enforcing the state s fire and building code laws, yet failed to do so. The victims contended that the fire marshal failed to enforce occupancy restrictions and exit requirements at The Station and that they also failed to properly train and supervise state personnel responsible for enforcing the fire safety laws. The point being, we as fire officials are all responsible for enforcing code. The total settlement with The Station Nightclub fire was $176 million dollars and many lives lost. NFPA 80, 1999 15-2.1 Hardware shall be examined frequently and any parts found to be inoperative shall be replaced immediately. 15-2.4.1 Self-closing devices shall be kept in proper working conditions at all times. 2014 Fire Rated Doors
NFPA 80, 1999 15-2.4.2 Swinging doors normally held in the open position and equipped with automatic closing devices shall be operated at frequent intervals to ensure proper operation. (Magnetic hold open device, automatically releases the door when fire alarm is initiated) (Fire Side) (Non- Fire Side) 2014 Fire Rated Doors
Common questions regarding fire rated doors Q) Once a fire door has a penetration in it, does that door become ineffective? NFPA 80 requires holes to be repaired without replacing the entire door. Holes left in a door or door frame from the removal of existing hardware have either one or two ways of remedying the penetration. One, installing steel fasteners that completely fill the hole or two, fill the screw or bolt holes with the same material as the door frame. Modifications to fire rated doors need to be handled carefully to ensure the rating of the door is not compromised in any way. Q) I am a teacher in a high school and it is convenient for me to prop my door open because of the students coming in and out of the classroom. Can I put something over the hardware to keep the door closed but not locked? It is convenient to keep doors open especially in classrooms. However, keeping the door propped open by a wedge, or other unapproved device such as tie-backs, or blocks only puts those in your building at risk when there is a fire. Even when a fire door is closed, they should never have their hardware taped over from keeping it unlocked. During a fire, if hardware is taped over, hot gases build up pressure and could blow the fire door open, making them ineffective. An electromagnetic hold open device that automatically releases when the fire alarm is activated is the only alternative to keeping these doors open. Q) I am told I have a fire rated door but there is no label on the door? How do I know if it is rated? First, make sure that no part of the door or frame has a label that could be painted over or covered up. If you do not find the label you can check your plans for your building to double check that it is indeed a fire door. Q) I want to change the hardware on a fire rated door but I have been told it will lose its rating if I do this? As long as the hardware you are changing to is either equal to or exceeding the labeled fire door rating. Then the door will not lose its effective fire rating. 2014 Fire Rated Doors
CHECKLIST FOR SWINGING DOORS Per NFPA 80 Section 5.2.4.2 No open holes or break exist in surface of either the door or frame Glazing, vision light frames, and glazing beads are intact and securely fastened in place, is so equipped. The door, frame, hinges, hardware and noncombustible threshold are secured aligned, and in working order with no visible signs of damage No parts are missing or broken Door clearances at the door edge to the fame, on the pull side of the door, do not exceed clearance listed 4.8.4 and 6.3.1 The self-closing device is operational, that is, the active door completely closes when operated from the full open position If a coordinator is installed, the inactive leaf closes before the active leaf Latching hardware operates and secures the door when it is in the closed position Auxiliary hardware items that interfere or prohibit operation are not installed on the door or frame No field modifications to the door assembly have been performed that void the label Gasketing and edge seals, where required, are inspected to verify their presence and integrity 2014 Fire Rated Doors
CHECKLIST FOR SLIDING AND ROLLING DOORS Per NFPA 80 Section 5.2.5.2 No open holes or break exist in surface of either the door or frame Glazing, vision light frames, and glazing beads are intact and securely fastened in place, is so equipped. No parts are missing or broken Auxiliary hardware items that interfere or prohibit operation are not installed on the door or frame No field modifications to the door assembly have been performed that void the label Slats, endlocks, bottom bar, guide assembly, curtain entry hood, and flame baffle are correctly installed and intact Curtain, barrel and guides are aligned, level, plumb and true Expansion clearance is maintained in accordance with manufacturers listing Drop release arms and weights are not blocked or wedged Mounting and assembly bolts are intact and secured Attachment to jambs are with bolts, expansion anchors, or as otherwise required by listing Smoke detectors, if equipped, are installed and operational Fusible links, if equipped are in the location: chain/cable, s-hooks, eyes, and so forth, are in good condition and links are not painted or coated with grease or dust 2014 Fire Rated Doors