Fire Door Inspection Program Presentation SAFETY CODES COUNCIL CONFERENCE 2012
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1 Fire Door Inspection Program Presentation SAFETY CODES COUNCIL CONFERENCE 2012
2 Fire-Door Annual Inspection Making the AHJ Aware
3 Introduction Industry Member since 1984 Architectural Hardware Consultant 1989 Fire Door Assembly Inspector 2010 Instructor of the FDAI-600 Course 2012 Committee Chairperson of the Canadian FDAI Program
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5 Foundation s Mission To promote secure and safe openings that enhance life safety
6 Awareness To be a source of information through awareness campaign that targets: Code Officials Fire Officials AHJs Architects and Building Owners School Officials/Administrators (K-12, college campuses)
7 Not Familiar with Code Requirements Belief that frequency of use ensures proper operation
8 Wikipedia Quotes An emergency exit in a structure is a special exit for emergencies such as a fire: the combined use of regular and special exits allows for faster evacuation, while it also provides an alternative if the route to the regular exit is blocked by fire, etc Knowing where the emergency exits are in buildings can save your life. Some buildings, such as schools, have fire drills to practice using emergency exits.
9 Wikipedia Quotes Many disasters could have been prevented if people had known where fire escapes were, and if emergency exits had not been blocked or in proper working order. For example, in the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center, some of the emergency exits inside the building were inaccessible, while others were locked. In the Stardust Disaster and the 2006 Moscow hospital fire the emergency exits were locked and most windows barred shut. In the case of the Station Nightclub, the premises was over capacity the night fire broke out, the front exit was not designed well (right outside the door, the concrete approach split 90 degrees and a railing ran along the edge, and an emergency exit swung inward, not outward as code requires).
10 Fire-Door AHJ Training Program This is an important step in helping local officials understand what to look for when they are approving the installation and on-going maintenance of fire-rated doors. - Bert Polk, retired South Carolina State Fire Marshal.
11 Annual Inspection of Fire Door Assemblies Who Is Going To Do These Inspections and When? Paragraph 5-2.3, Functional Testing Individuals who are KNOWLEDGEABLE about the openings being inspected Paragraph 5-2.1, not less than annually, and a written record of the inspection shall be kept for inspection by the AHJ.
12 Class Objective Learn about the requirements pertaining to the 2007 edition of NFPA 80 Standard for Fire Doors and Other Opening Protectives. This includes: operation, features, basic criteria and maintenance of firerated doors.
13 Agenda NFPA 80 Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4 & 6 Background information Fire-Rated Doors and Labels Fire-Rated Glass and Glazing Overview of Fire-Rated Door Hardware Annual Inspection Requirements of NFPA 80 Chapter 5 Care and Maintenance
14 WHY THE REQUIREMENT?
15 Setting the Stage for Major Change - Why? Station Night Club Warwick, RI -100 died MGM Grand Las Vegas 85 killed, 700 injured Villa Ste Genevieve Ste. Genevieve, Que. - 7 killed
16 10 deadliest public assembly fires in U.S. history 1. Iroquis Theater, Chicago, IL - December 30, Deaths: Coconut Grove Nightclub, Boston, MA - November 28, Deaths: Conway's Theater, Brooklyn, NY - December 5, Deaths: Rhythm Club dance hall, Nathez, MS - April 23, Deaths: Rhoads Opera House, Boyertown, PA - January 13, Deaths: Ringling and Bailey Bros. Circus Tent, Hartford, CT - July 6, Deaths: Beverly Hills Supper Club, Southgate, KY - May 28, Deaths: The Station Nightclub, W. Warwick, RI - February 20, Deaths: Happy Land Social Club, Bronx, NY - March 25, Deaths: Richmond Theatre, Richmond, VA - December 26, Deaths: 72
17 CODES & STANDARDS
18 Codes vs. Standards Codes are Intended to be Adopted as Legal Documents Enforceable as Laws Standards are Intended to be Used to Meet the Requirements of Codes Unenforceable until REFERENCED by a CODE.
19 NFPA Edition Establishes Basic Requirements for New Fire-Rated Door Assemblies Establishes Care and Maintenance Requirements
20 Fire Door Inspection Background Fire Doors are governed by the building code and NFPA throughout design, specification, installation and occupancy permitting.
21 Other Codes and Standards ANSI/ICC A117.1 Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities (2003 edition) NBCC Section 3.8 Barrier Free Design, ) & 8) May Exceed 5 lb. Opening Force to Achieve Positive Latching Ontarians with Disabilities Act Other provinces and local jurisdictions have their own standards
22 Fire Door Inspection - Background Once a Certificate of Occupancy has been issued, the building code is closed. The National Fire Code of Canada or the version in force provincially is now in effect for the operation and maintenance of the facility. The NFCC contains specific requirements for fire door inspection and maintenance but does not specify record keeping requirements (see )
23 Fire Door Inspection Background Once a Certificate of Occupancy (CO) has been issued, the building code is closed. The National Fire Code or Life Safety Code is now in effect for the operation and maintenance of the facility. Formerly, the NFC did not contain language for post-occupancy inspection of fire-rated doors.
24 Fire Door Inspection NFPA Fire-rated door assemblies shall be inspected and tested in accordance with NFPA 80, Standard for Fire Doors and Other Opening Protective's.
25 5.2* Inspections Chapter 5 NFPA Care & Maintenance Fire door assemblies shall be inspected and tested not less than annually, and a written record of the inspection shall be signed and kept for inspection by the AHJ
26 National Fire Code of Canada Closures Openings in Fire Separations 1) Openings in fire separations shall be protected with closures in conformance with the NBC 2) Where closures in fire separations are replaced, the replacements shall be in conformance with the NBC
27 National Fire Code of Canada Damage to Closures 1) Where closures are damaged so as to affect the integrity of their fire-protection rating, such damaged closures shall be repaired so that the integrity of the closures is maintained in conformance with Article
28 National Fire Code of Canada Inspection & Maintenance 1) Defects that interfere with the operation of closures in fire separations shall be corrected, and such closures shall be maintained to ensure that they are operable at all times by.
29 National Fire Code of Canada ) Inspection & Maintenance a) keeping fusible links and other heatactuated devices undamaged and free of paint or dirt b) keeping guides bearings, and stay rolls clean and lubricated.
30 National Fire Code of Canada ) Inspection & Maintenance c) making necessary adjustments and repairs of door hardware and accessories to ensure proper closing and latching, and d) repairing or replacing inoperative parts of hold-open devices and automatic releasing devices.
31 National Fire Code of Canada ) Inspection & Maintenance Doors in fire separations shall be inspected at intervals not greater than 24 h to ensure that they remain closed unless the door is equipped with a hold-open device conforming the NBC.
32 National Fire Code of Canada ) Inspection & Maintenance Doors in fire separations shall be operated at intervals not greater than one month to ensure that they are properly maintained in accordance with Sentence (1) as specified in the fire safety plan prepared in accordance with Section 2.8.
33 National Fire Code of Canada ) Inspection & Maintenance Closures in fire separations shall not be obstructed, blocked, wedged open or altered in any way that would prevent the intended operation of a closure
34 National Fire Code of Canada ) Inspection & Maintenance Fire dampers and fire stop flaps shall be inspected at intervals not greater than 12 months to ensure that they are in place and are not obviously damaged or obstructed.
35 PICTURES OF FIRE DOORS
36 Existing Fire Doors Today
37 Existing Fire Doors Today
38 Existing Fire Doors Today
39 Existing Fire Doors Today Heat Release Mechanism
40 Existing Fire Doors Today
41 Existing Fire Doors Today
42 Existing Fire Doors Today
43 Existing Fire Doors Today
44 Confused?
45 CHANGES IN NFPA
46 Administration CHAPTER 1
47 NFPA 80 Chapter 1 Administration The purpose of this document is to set national standards for the installation and maintenance of assemblies used to protect openings in walls, floors, and ceilings to prevent or retard the spread of fire and smoke within, into, or out of buildings. [1.2.1] Provides guidance to Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ s) so they can determine if an assembly meets the requirements and standards in this document. [1.2.2]
48 General Requirements CHAPTER 4
49 NFPA 80 Chapter 4 General Requirements Fire Door Assemblies Prepared for Hardware Under Door/Frame Manufacturer s Inspection Service Procedure and Under Label Service [ ] Listed and Labeled Products Listed items shall be identified by a label, which is readily visible to AHJ. [4.2]
50 NFPA 80 Chapter 4 What Modifications Can Be Done in the Field? (By a licensed shop) Function Holes for Mortise Locks/Latches Holes for Labeled Door Viewers Round Holes for Surface Applied Hardware (up to 1 in Diameter) Throughbolts Wood/Composite Doors Trimmed to Maximum 3/4 Undercutting [ , and ]
51 NFPA 80 - Chapter 4 Field Modifications that cannot be done in the field Doors No Vision Panel Cut Outs No Louver Cut Outs No Mortise Lock Pockets No Face or Edge Bores for Bored Locks No Mortise Hinge Preparations Frames No Mortise Hinge Preparations No Cut Outs
52 NFPA 80 Chapter 4 Clearances Under Doors Swinging Doors with Builders Hardware Maximum Clearance of 3/4 Under Door Bottom [ ]
53 ABOUT DOORS & TESTING
54 Fire Door Testing and Certification - Video
55 Fire Resistance Classifications Hourly Ratings 1/3 = 20-Minutes 3/4 = 45-Minutes 1 = 60-Minutes (Wood Doors) 1-1/2 = 90-Minutes 3 = 180-Minutes Note: This information is listed under Annex D Fire Doors and Fire Window Classifications. The hourly designation indicates duration of the fire test exposure ; known as the fire protection rating.
56 Class A 180 Minutes Class B 60 and 90 Minutes Class C 45 Minutes Class D 90 Minutes (Exterior) Class E 45 Minutes (Exterior) Minute Fire Resistance Classifications Note: Alphabetical letter designation one method for classifying the opening.
57 Swinging Doors with Builders Hardware CHAPTER 6
58 NFPA 80 Chapter 6 Builders Hardware Consists of: Hinges & Pivots Door Bolts Locks or Latches Fire Exit Hardware (a.k.a. Exit Devices) Door Closers Protection Plates Astragals Gasketing
59 Over View of Door Hardware Purpose Hang the Door Lock the Door Close the Door Protect the Door Application Grade 1, 2 or 3 Mechanical or Electromechanical Security Life & Fire Safety Self Closing and Latching, Free Egress Barrier Free Ease Of Operation Climate and Environment Protection Correct Product
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61 Electronic-Hold Open
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66 Fire Labels for Frames
67 Fire Labels for Doors
68 Label Placement Label should be attached to the hinge edge of the door.
69 Fire-Rated Openings Labels for fire doors with latching hardware have minimum latch throw dimensions
70 Fire-Rated Openings Labels for fire doors that will have fire exit hardware installed on them
71 Questions?
72 FIRE RATED GLAZING
73 NFPA 80 Chapter 4 Glazing Material (Glass) in Fire Doors Labeled Fire-Resistance Materials [4.4.1] Installed in Labeled or Tested Frames [4.4.3] Permitted in 3 Hour Interior or 1-1/2 Hour Exterior in Severe Fire Exposure -- Limited to 100 sq. in. as tested in accordance with NFPA 252 [4.4.4], Standard Methods of Fire Tests of Door Assemblies.
74 Glazing in Doors Glazing can be categorized into three major groupings: Fire-Rated Only (walls, transoms, borrowed lights) Safety/Impact Rated Only (non-fire rated doors and other hazardous or security applications) Fire & Safety Rated (fire rated doors or any application deemed a hazardous location)
75 Glass Label (Permanent etching, per NFPA 80) Product Name D Door NT Not Temperature Rise H Hose Stream Tested Cat II Safety Rating UL File Number Minutes of Rating
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77 Annual Inspection Requirements NFPA 80 Swinging Doors with Builders Hardware
78 NFPA Standard for Fire Doors Chapter 5 Care & Maintenance The requirements of this chapter shall apply to new and existing installations.
79 NFPA Standard for Fire Doors Chapter 5 Care & Maintenance 5.2.1* Fire door assemblies shall be inspected and tested not less than annually, and a written record of the inspection shall be signed and kept for inspection by the AHJ.
80 NFPA Standard for Fire Doors Chapter 5 Care & Maintenance Functional testing of fire door and window assemblies shall be performed by individuals with knowledge and understanding of the operating components of the type of door being subject to testing.
81 Annual Inspection of Fire Door Assemblies What Do Inspectors Need to Know? Immense product application and installation knowledge Hollow metal doors and frames Wood fire doors Builders Hardware Application Thorough understanding of NFPA 80 requirements FDAI, AHC and/or CDC or approx. 5 years of industry experience
82 Annual Inspection of Fire Door Assemblies Inspector s Responsibilities Status of door openings on date of inspection Recommend necessary corrections Providing written inspection reports
83 Annual Inspection of Fire Door Assemblies Inspectors Are Not Responsible For: Making sure openings are repaired Determining the correct fire-rating of door openings Alert AHJ of problems
84 NFPA Standard for Fire Doors Chapter 5 Care & Maintenance Performance-Based Option The performance-based option shall include historical data acceptable to the AHJ.
85 MGM Grand Hotel Fire Door Inspection Example. Without Performance- Based Option January 1 st -- 2 inspectors start inspecting doors. Each inspector works 40 hours a week for a full year. December 31 st, all doors have been inspected. January 1 st Start all over again.
86 NFPA Standard for Fire Doors Equation to determine acceptable level of performance: FDFR(t) = NF / (NC x t) FDFR represents the Fire Door Failure Rate over a particular period of time (t) NF represents documented failures NC represents total number of inspected fire doors
87 Example. NFPA Standard for Fire Doors.020 = 5 / (50 x 5) Over a 5-year period, 250 fire doors inspected (50 x5), 5 determined to be failures, the building has a failure rate of 2% per year. Acceptable level performance rating of 98%.
88 Preparing for the Inspection
89 Identifying Fire Door Assemblies Maintenance personnel access to the as built floor plans. AHJ s office archived copies of floor plans No plans available should physically check each door opening looking for labels.
90 Locating Fire Doors in Buildings Interior doors opening into and out of stairwells and corridors. Door openings placed at building separations. Identify fire labels on frame and hinge side of door.
91 Original Building, Fire and Life Safety Requirements Inspectors should be cognizant of the building, fire and life safety codes that were applicable at the time of installation. Should not apply the capabilities, limitations and requirements for modern products to assemblies installed years ago. NFPA 80 standard is applicable to all existing fire door assemblies, regardless of when they where installed.
92 Cataloging Fire Doors Door Number (Code or Symbol) Location of Assembly in Building Type of Door Assembly Fire-Protection Rating Comments/Remarks
93 Inspection Summary Report Form
94 Items to be Verified During Fire Door Inspection
95 Three Main Operational Requirements Swinging Fire-Doors with Builders Hardware Must: Swing Freely Be self or automatic closing or power operated Positively latch when in the closed position.
96 Top Ten Deficiencies
97 11 Inspection Steps
98 NFPA Standard for Fire Doors As a minimum, the following items shall be verified: No open holes or breaks exist in surfaces. (2) Glazing, vision light frames, and glazing beads are intact. (3) The door, frame, hinges, hardware, and noncombustible threshold are secured, aligned, and in working order. (4) No parts are missing or broken. (5) Door clearances do not exceed the clearances listed.
99 NFPA Standard for Fire Doors As a minimum, the following items shall be verified: (6) The self-closing device is operational (7) If a coordinator is installed, the inactive leaf closes before active leaf. (8) Latching hardware operates and secures the door when it is in the closed position.
100 NFPA Standard for Fire Doors As a minimum, the following items shall be verified: (9) Auxiliary hardware items that interfere or prohibit operation are not installed. (10) No field modifications to the door have been performed. (11) Gasketing and edge seals are inspected.
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107 Summary Many swinging fire door assemblies can be: Complicated. Contain sophisticated hardware products. These assemblies require an immense level of expertise to coordinate their functions with their fire-protection properties.
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109 New fire-rated products are: Summary Continually being developed. Requires inspectors to stay current on their knowledge and understanding of these product s applications, capabilities and limitations.
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111 Annual Fire Door Assembly Inspection Program (AFDAIP) DAI Fire Door Assembly Inspection Fire Door Assembly Inspector (FDAI) Intertek s certification program for FDAIs: Certified Fire Door Inspector Program
112 FDAI Class Eligibility Requirements DHI Professional Consultants Architectural Hardware Consultants (AHC) Certified Door Consultants (CDC) Electrified Hardware Consultants (EHC) Architectural Openings Consultants (AOC) May register for the FDAI class
113 FDAI Class Eligibility Requirements Individuals who do not hold one of DHI s Professional Certifications, must complete: SSC100 Fundamentals of Architectural Doors and Hardware Self-Study Course COR110 Basic Architectural Hardware COR115 Hardware Applications COR140 Using Codes and Standards Prerequisites must be completed prior to registering for the FDAI class
114 FDAI Class Overview Three day class NFPA 80 requirements Inspection guidelines Owner s responsibilities AHJ s responsibilities Inspector s responsibilities Perform inspections Document inspections Four hour examination
115 Certification Intertek s Certified Fire Door Inspector Program Through its Warnock Hersey Mark Certify FDAIs Authorize inspecting companies
116 Advocacy Intertek Underwriters Laboratories (UL) National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
117 More Information Contact: The Foundation or Door and Hardware Institute Phone (703) , Fax (703) Online at:
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120 Thank You
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