ICHE 2016 Flood Control Strategy and Smart Disaster Prevention Water Resources Agency, MOEA Wang, Ruey-Der Director-General Nov 8, 2016
Outline Introduction Flood Control Strategy Smart Disaster Prevention Public Participation Conclusions 2
Introduction 3
Increase in Global Warming Temperatures soar in Northern Hemisphere, leading to acceleration of melting ice 2012/08/23 (National Snow and Ice Data Center) Acceleration of melting glaciers and drought in Himalayas 2010/12/07 (UNEP) Serious threat to the safety of coastal cities and water conservancy facilities The annual amount of melting ice in South Pole equals 1.3 million Olympic swimming pools 2015/03/02 (Data from NASA, scientist Cassanova) Warming seawater is melting the world s largest glacier in South Pole (Totten Glacier) 2015/01/27 (Australian Cooperative Research Centre for Climate and Environment) 4
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC Published five assessment reports (AR), from AR1 to AR5: Number of authors: 34 ->258 Mode resolution: 500 500 km grid ->50 50 km grid (AR4 300 300 km) IPCC International Trend Adaptation to Climate Change Ongoing confidence level: 66%->95%. 1990 1995 2001 2007 2014 AR 1 AR 2 AR 3 AR 4 AR 5 Remind the world of global warming. Reaffirm global warming may have occurred. There are clear evidences of global warming, but whether it is related to human activities is still controversial. According to the simulation of atmospheric model, a causal relationship exists between human activities and global warming. Human activities may have caused irreversible impacts on the climate system, so the climate change is an important issue that cannot be avoided. It requires the world s consensus on carbon reduction and adjustments. 5
Global Warming Melting glaciers and polar iceberg Thermal expansion of ocean Increase in evapotranspiration Snow accumulation decreases Sea level rises Typhoon intensifies Precipitation changes Increase in frequency of heavy rain or drought Snow space melts earlier and decrease in flaw Increase in river flow Changes in water use patterns High tide level and Coastal erosion Flood scale intensifies Sedimentation disasters worsens Risk of drought increases 6
Taiwan suffers greatly from natural disasters 90% of the population suffer from two types of disasters Type of natural disaster: Earthquake, typhoon, flood, and drought Taiwan suffers from natural disasters more than Japan 3 types of disasters 2 types of disasters 1 type of disaster 2 types of disasters 3 types of disasters Source: 160 areas 90 areas 35 areas Taiwan Taiwan Percentage of population 7
Flood Control Strategy 8
Comprehensive River Basin Management Plan Mudslide and flood control Bridge reconstruction Improvement in agricultural field drainage Upstream slope soil and water conservation flood control comprehensive water management river basin management homeland planning Improvement in rainwater sewage Improvement in inundation aquaculture area Improvement in city/county rivers and drainage Conservation of crops Comprehensive River Basin Management Plan Continual implementation Innovative practices Enhancing management 9
Changes in Flood Control Strategy Linear Approach Flood Management Water Channel Management High-Density Development Manual Disaster Prevention Focus only on safety Comprehensive Approach Runoff Distribution Outflow Control Low-Impact Development(LID) Technological Disaster Prevention Emphasize ecological environment 10
New Methods of Comprehensive River Basin Management Past Floods are dispersed by the river Present Floods are dispersed by the river and land Regional drainage All target industry authorities will participate in comprehensive management of river basins, including rivers and regional drainage, hillside water and soil retention, mountain flood prevention, rainwater sewage system, farmland drainage, aquaculture and etc. Detention pond Aquaculture drainage Hillside drainage Urban planning area 1.Land development departments should establish flood reduction facilities to increase runoff absorption. Farmland drainage 2.All target industry authorities will be responsible for runoff absorption Rainwater sewage 3. Runoff distribution on existing land 11
Outflow Control and Runoff Distribution -- New methods of source handling The current status of runoff distribution and outflow control promoted by Water Resources Agency, Ministry of Economic Affairs is as follows: Comprehensive River Basin Management Plan- Implementation Plan of Runoff Distribution and Outflow Control was approved in May 2015 Taoyuan Aerotropolis, Dali River Watershed, and Tainan Annan District are selected as pilot sites. Commissioned services have been outsourced starting from May 2016. Impermeable paving Drain passage Roof reserve Permeable paving Rainfall interception infiltration 12
Create a multi-oriented system of public participation River management offices The public Local governments As of March, 2016, river management offices have organized 84 construction report seminars and 44 activities regarding construction design communication 13
Smart Disaster Prevention 14
Taiwan is in a dilemma. Severe monitoring the development of tropical depression and impact on Taiwan
Steep slopes, rapid flows, and fragile geology Short reaction time, prone to disasters Dajia River Zhuoshui River Tamsui River Rhine Shinano River Tone River Colorado River Mekong River Comparison of River Slope 16
Four Steps for Smart Disaster Prevention-Monitoring, Early Warning, Report, Response Monitoring and early warning Forecast (long-term); observation (instant) Response Local government implement; central government support 17
4 4 th Phase Typhoon leaves (Warning will be lifted) Four Steps of Early Warning for Typhoon-driven Floods Release Warning Take Actions 3 3 rd Phase Typhoon lands (Disasters may occur) 2 2nd Phase 1 Land warning is released 1 st Phase Sea warning is released 1 2 3 4 Initiation: Risk assessment and forecast Assess high-risk rivers Assess areas prone to flooding Preparation: Disaster prediction Provide information on water resources early warning Response: Disaster monitoring Water resources early warning Release instant warning Collect on disaster information and respond Restoration: Continuous disaster monitoring, prevention of secondary disasters Water resources early warning Release instant warning Collect information on disasters and repair 18
Early Warning by Using the Forecasted Rainfall Data (Ensemble based Typhoon Quantitative Precipitation Forecast) Discharging High risk Medium risk Low risk 19
Warning Release Type of Warning Level 2 Warning Release Level 1 Warning Release Inundation warning (Inner water) Water level warning (outer water) (divided into three levels) Reservoir discharge warning Real-time rainfall> Level 2 warning value Water level> Level 2 warning value Expected (1-2 hour(s) later) discharge Real-time rainfall> Level 1 warning value Water level > Level 1 warning value Start discharge Definition of inundation warning: Level 2 warning If the county (township, city, district) releasing the inundation warning continues to see rain, inundation may start to occur within 3 hours in villages or roads prone to inundation. Level 1 warning If the county (township, city, district) releasing the inundation warning continues to see rain, inundation may have already occurred in villages or roads prone to inundation. 20
Develop disaster prevention tools to provide instant water information and early warning Mobile water information APP (Win8 developed in 2013) Downloaded by 130,000 users Top 10 Government APP Register user account online SMS notice Flood warning Water level warning Yuanshan zi Flood Diversion Reservoir discharge Over 40,000 users registered Register local call online Level 1 flood warning Have 2,159 welfare/disability organizations registered (Pilot in 2013, 5,000 users registered so far) 0800-079-579 Flood and Drought Prevention Fan Club 13,000 fans Reservoir discharge; emergency evacuation 21
LBS and Cell broadcast used for discharging warning notice LBS in specific regions; SMS notice in 57 locations Specific regions, non-specific objects (starting from Zengwen Dam in 2012) When Zengwen Dam discharges, the public will receive the discharge warning notice once entering the warning zone. Cell Broadcast Service (CBS) (available for 4G cell phones, starting from July 2016) 22
Use technology to gather information on flood instantly Emergency Response System EMIC disaster Summarize disasters Sources of disaster information- EMIC system, Emergency Response System of Water Resources Agency, flood prevention volunteers, news media, automated image recognition system, automated flooding sensing system, flooding sensing, and corporate disaster report. The area of flooding and number of households are estimated through location of disasters reported, time, depth, and recession time. 23
water level (m) Automated Image Recognition Technology --Monitoring and Early Warning 18 16 Level 一級警戒 1 warning Level 二級警戒 2 warning Typhoon Soudelor 17.65 m (08:47) 14 12 10 Level 三級警戒 3 warning Water level of 寶橋水位歷程圖 Bao Bridge 8-6 12 18 0 6 12 18 08-07 Time (hr) 08-08 24
Automated Flood Sensing Technology System Chunghwa Telecom junction box + Flooding sensor (72 sites in Taiwan) Sensor + + Sensor Sensor 25
Flooding Information collected by Local Calls 26
Automated assessment of flooding scope system Report the depth of flooding Select grid and analyze water level Scope of impact Demonstration of digital terrain Assess the depth Estimate the scope of impact, number of households and land influenced through the depth of flooding 27
Public Participation 28
1,541 volunteers In 2015, they helped report 10,470 water disaster cases. 29
Before disaster: Care for the disadvantaged During disaster: Assist the evacuation of the disadvantaged 336 Flood Prevention Communities (46 new communities in 2016) Throughout 6 typhoons, 739 communities launched; 58 people were evacuated and no casualties occurred. During disaster: Patrol roads and report 30 After disaster: Restore drain paths
Since 2012, benchmarking enterprises have been participating in disaster reports Online report platform Flood warning sign Public and private cooperation Convenient stores gas stations Flood prevention volunteers Disaster report sites over 8,800 Voice survey by local calls Flood report 31
2014 Water Disaster Prevention Forum (Initiation of Corporate Participation in Water Disaster Prevention) 32
Since 2015, corporations has adopted voluntary communities. Establishment matching platforms and mechanism 33
Conclusions 34
Safety Happiness Security Serenity 35
Prosperity and Peace Cross-field cooperation Collaboration between public and private sectors 36
Thank You for Your Attention 37