The Circulatory System By Addison Landsburg and Brooke Hauptman
Thermoregulation What is the function of the circulatory system? Respiration Nutrition Waste Removal Cellular Communication
Structure and Functions of arteries, capillaries, and veins Arteries (Structure): thick walls that are pliable allowing them to stretch and recoil -Function: transportation of blood away from heart Capillary (Structure): small network in most organs with thin walls for exchange with tissues -Function: supplies tissues, removes waste, exchanges substances from blood to body tissues Veins: thin walls with three layers,consist of valves -Function: transportation of blood towards heart
Pathway of Blood Through the Heart
Composition of Blood + Relationship of Structure to Function Plasma: clear extracellular fluid Erythrocytes: red blood cells -get oxygen from lungs and supply it to tissues -pick up carbon dioxide from tissues and transport it to lungs -flexible shape allows it to squeeze through small passages -no nucleus, allows more space for hemoglobin Leukocytes: white blood cells -immune system cells, fight off antigens Platelets: bone marrow cells -prevent from bleeding
The Role of Hemoglobin Hemogoblin: oxygen-carrying pigment and main protein in the red blood cells. -forms an unstable, reversible bond with oxygen. -main function: to transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and then transport CO2 back from the tissues to the lungs -biggest regulators of the oxygen affinity of the hemoglobin is the presence of oxygen itself
Open vs Closed Circulatory System Closed: mostly in vertebretes, blood closed at all times within vessels -consists of blood vessels only Open: in most molluscs and anthropods, pumps blood into a hemocoel and blood diffuses back to circulatory system between cells -blood vessels plus open spaces
How this Relates to Maintaining Homeostasis Regulating blood clotting: blood vessel is damaged patelets congregate and form a plug fibrin threads form and strp red blood cells loss -acts in response to injury to prevent and lessen blood Blood Pressure: force of blood against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps blood throughout the body Pressure on vein walls increases blood pressure, when there is no pressure, blood pressure decreased Factors that affect: alcohol, stress, smoking, diabetes, family history Major hormones: (increase) catecholamines, endothelins, glucocorticosteroids, thyroid hormones, leptin, PTHrP;
Coronary Artery Disease Description: Arteries that supply blood to the heart are clogged with plaque -causes heart attacks Symptoms: pressure in chest, shoulders, neck, arms, back, jaw Prevalence: America s number 1 killer, affecting over 13 million people Treatment:medication, angioplasty surgery,coronary artery bypass surgery, Enhanced External Counterpulsation,Angiogenesis
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Works Cited Continued Mader, Sylvia S. "Chapter 32." Biology. Vol. 10. Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2008. N. pag. Print. "SEER Training:Classification & Structure of Blood Vessels." SEER Training:Classification & Structure of Blood Vessels. NIH, 2016. Web. 26 May 2016. <http://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/cardiovascular/blood/classification.html>